Malinga ndi China Trade Relief Information Network, India idayambitsa milandu 25 yothandizira malonda motsutsana ndi China mu 2020, kuphatikiza milandu 24 yotsutsa kutaya katundu ndi imodzi yotsutsa thandizo la ndalama, yomwe ili pamalo oyamba padziko lonse lapansi. Pochita bizinesi ndi India, zolumikizira zomaliza, mutu wachikazi ndi zowunikira magalimoto gawo liyenera kudziwika.
Ma APP anayi aku China aletsedwa chaka chonse
Madzulo a pa 29 Juni 2020, boma la India linaletsa mwadzidzidzi kugwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu ya 59" yaku China" ku India, kuphatikizapo TikTok, WeChat, Weibo, ma bokosi a makalata a QQ, ma browser a UC, ndi zina zotero. Pa 25 Julayi, WeChat inaletsa ogwiritsa ntchito ake ku India kutumiza ndi kulandira mauthenga. Mu 2020, kwa nthawi zinayi motsatizana, zimitsani mapulogalamu a pafoni okhala ndi maziko aku China.
Kuyambira mu 2021, India ikupitilizabe "kusokoneza": malinga ndi lipoti la atolankhani aku India la pa Januware 25, dipatimenti ya zamagetsi ndi ukadaulo wazidziwitso ku India yapereka chidziwitso chatsopano, zomwe zapangitsa kuti lamulo loletsa mapulogalamu 59 aku China, monga TikTok、WeChat、UC browsers, likhale loletsa kosatha.
Kuphatikiza apo, kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2020, India sinaphatikizidwe pamene mayiko 15 onse a China, Japan, Republic of Korea, Australia, New Zealand ndi ASEAN adasaina Mgwirizano Wachigawo Wogwirizana Pachuma (RCEP), womwe udasainidwa ndi mayiko 10.
Monga dziko lofunika kwambiri ku Asia, India potsiriza inasankha kusalowa nawo RCEP. Pambuyo pa zaka zambiri zokambirana, India sinalowe nawo RCEP ngakhale pali zifukwa zachuma, mabungwe, njira, malingaliro ndi zina zenizeni, koma malingaliro a "kubwereranso" ndi omveka bwino. Kusanthula koyenera kwa zifukwa zenizeni zomwe India sanalowe nawo RCEP kunaphatikizapo izi:
Chuma cha India chachita bwino kwambiri m'zaka zaposachedwa, koma kapangidwe kake ka mafakitale ndi kosamveka bwino, kakulamulidwa ndi ntchito, mafakitale, makamaka kupanga zinthu, kwakhala gawo lochepa la chuma chonse. Kuphatikiza ndi kukakamiza kwa Prime Minister Modi mu 2014 kwa "made in India" sikunakwaniritse zotsatira zomwe amayembekezera, kudalira kutumizira kunja ndi kuchepa kwa malonda kwa nthawi yayitali. Pakadali pano, India ili ndi kuchepa kwa malonda ndi mayiko 11 mwa 15 omwe ali mamembala a RECP, chifukwa cha kufooka kwa makampani opanga zinthu ku India, kupanga pang'ono komanso kosagwirizana ndi mayiko ena, mitengo yokwera yazinthu komanso kusowa kwa mpikisano wapadziko lonse lapansi.
Zinthu zamagetsi ndi makina zimangotenga 10 peresenti yokha ya zinthu zonse zomwe India imatumiza kunja, pomwe zinthu zazikulu zimangotenga gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu. Zinthu zambiri zamafakitale, monga simenti ndi chitsulo, zimadula ndalama zoposa 20% kapena kupitirira 30% ya msika wapadziko lonse. Koma India ikukhulupirira kuti ili ndi msika waukulu wamkati ndipo zinthu zake zimatha kukwaniritsa msika wamkati.
Ulimi wa ku India umadalira kwambiri ndalama zothandizira boma, kusintha pang'ono kwamakono, sikungafanane ndi Australia, New Zealand, Japan ndi zina zotero. Ngati RCEP, misonkho ichepetsedwa kapena kuthetsedwa, mafakitale ofooka monga opanga, ulimi, mkaka adzakhudzidwa, mabizinesi ena adzatsekedwa ndipo antchito adzakhala opanda ntchito.
Monga dziko lomwe lili ndi njira zodzitetezera ku misonkho komanso zosakhala za misonkho kwa nthawi yayitali, India inali ndi mitengo yayikulu kwambiri pakati pa mamembala ake a RCEP ndipo kale idasaina pangano la malonda aulere ndi India, lomwe lidafuna kuti mayiko ena avomereze kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, CEPA (Chigwirizano Chachikulu Chachuma ndi Japan) cha India, mitengo ya India pazinthu zaku Japan idachepetsedwa kufika pa 7.5 peresenti, pomwe mitengo ya Japan pazinthu zaku India idachepetsedwa kufika pa 3.3 peresenti.
Nthawi ino, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mayiko omwe ali mamembala, mayiko ena ndi otsika poyerekeza ndi kukula kwachuma kwa India. N'zovuta kwambiri kupereka ndalama zambiri ku India yokha. Kuchepa kwa malonda ku India kwakula chifukwa cha mantha oti mayiko monga China, Japan ndi South Korea angawagwiritse ntchito, pomwe mobwerezabwereza akhala akukambirana za mitengo yoyambira, malamulo oyambira, malonda a ntchito, misika ndi malamulo oyika ndalama.
Podera nkhawa ndi momwe kulowa mu RCEP kungakhudzire mafakitale ena okhudzana ndi izi komanso kusowa kwa ntchito kwa anthu mamiliyoni ambiri, zomwe sizikugwirizana ndi masomphenya ake okonzanso kupanga, India idasankha kusalowa nawo RCEP.
2. Ndikuda nkhawa ndi RCEP yotsogozedwa ndi China
India yakhala ikuda nkhawa kwambiri ndi kukwera kwa China, mfundo zake zogwirira ntchito limodzi ndi mayiko ena nthawi zonse zimayendetsedwa ndi izo zokha, kupititsa patsogolo BIMSTEC (bungwe la Bay of Bengal la mgwirizano wa zachuma ndi zaukadaulo)," dongosolo la monsoon "," Indian Ocean Regional Cooperation Alliance "," Indian Ocean Naval Forum "ndi zina zotero.
Pakati pa mamembala a RCEP, China ndi dziko lalikulu kwambiri pazachuma ndipo ndi limodzi mwa mamembala asanu okhazikika a United Nations Security Council. Atolankhani aku Western ndi magwero aku India akugwirizana kuti RCEP idzalamulidwa ndi China kapena kuti China idzapereka RCEP kuti ipititse patsogolo mphamvu zake m'chigawo. Nduna yakale ya Zachilendo ku India, Kanwar Sibal (Kanwal Sibal), adati mayiko a "Indo-Pacific Strategy" adapempha "kutsutsana ndi China", pomwe RCEP idalimbitsa ubale wachuma ndi China ndikuchepetsa udindo wa Indo-Pacific Alliance.
Zotsatira zake, India ikukana kulowa nawo RCEP yomwe ikulamulidwa ndi China
3. Kutsutsidwa ndi asilikali a m'dziko
India ndi ndale za chisankho ndi masewera osangalatsa, ndipo mfundo zake zakunja zimakhudzidwa ndi zinthu zambiri. Pakadali pano, India sikuti ili ndi magawano akuluakulu andale, komanso chuma sichinapange msika wogwirizana. Dziko lake nthawi zonse linali ndi mawu osiyana pankhani yoti lilowe nawo RCEP. Otsutsa akuluakulu amachokera ku mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono ndi apakatikati komanso alimi ofooka, komanso magulu ena andale am'dziko. Oyamba ndi a anthu osauka, omwe ali ndi ndalama zochepa, omwe sangathe kupirira kukakamizidwa ndi zoopsa zomwe RCEP imabweretsa, ndipo omaliza amatsutsa kulowa nawo RCEP makamaka pazifukwa zandale.
Boma la Modi litapanikizika kwambiri, linayenera kusiya kulowa nawo RCEP, kuti lipitirizebe kulamulira dzikolo.
4. Kuchepa kwa kukula kwachuma
M'zaka zaposachedwapa, pofuna kulimbikitsa kukula kwachuma, boma la Modi lapereka dongosolo lalikulu la ndalama ndikukonza bwino malo amalonda kuti akope ndalama zakunja, kukulitsa makampani opanga zinthu ndi unyolo wamafakitale, koma zotsatira zake sizikukhutiritsa. Pakadali pano, kuchepa kwachuma ku India kuli kwakukulu, chitetezo cha m'nyumba chili pamwamba. Mu 2020, kukula kwachuma ku India kudatsika kwambiri m'zaka makumi ambiri, komwe kudakhudzidwa ndi mliriwu. Pamene kukula kwachuma kudatsika, kusintha kunayima, ngongole zidakwera, kusowa ntchito kudakwera, ndipo anthu anali kuvutika, zipani zotsutsa komanso alimi osapikisana kwambiri, amalonda ndi amalonda adayamba kuukira boma la Modi pafupipafupi. Ngati boma lisayina RCEP, kukakamizidwa kwa otsutsa kumakhala kwakukulu.
5 Siyani malo oti mutsatire njira ya Indo-Pacific
Kwa nthawi yayitali, India yakhala ikutsatira mfundo zakunja zogwira mtima. Pakadali pano, monga momwe zilili ndi mgwirizano wa chigawo, kuwonjezera pa RCEP, United States ndi mayiko ena akukopa India kuti ilowe nawo mu "Indo-Pacific Strategy", Brexit Britain ikuyembekezanso kusaina pangano la malonda aulere ndi India. India ikukhulupirira kuti nthawi yomwe ilipo ya mwayi wopititsa patsogolo chitukuko, magulu onse ayenera ku India, akhoza kuimbidwa mlandu.
Chifukwa cha kupitirira muyeso kwa mphamvu zake, United States, ndi kubwerera m'mbuyo kwa "njira ya India-Pacific", India mwina "yakwera mtengo kwambiri" kapena "yakangana" pa nkhani za RCEP, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zokambirana zikhale zovuta.
Momwe Mungaganizire Ubale Wamalonda wa Sino-India
Pansi pa kusintha kwakukulu kwa machitidwe apadziko lonse lapansi komanso zovuta mu ubale wa Sino-Indian, chisankho cha India chiyenera kuwonedwa moyenera, modekha komanso mwanzeru. M'tsogolomu, China ndi India, komanso mayiko ena ofunikira, ayenera kuyesetsa kuthetsa kusamvana, kulumikiza kusiyana, kulimbikitsa pamodzi njira yolumikizirana zachuma m'madera, ndikupanga tsogolo labwino.
Nthawi yotumizira: Feb-01-2021