Nditagwiritsa ntchito laputopu kwa zaka zoposa khumi, ndinabwereranso ku kompyuta ya pakompyuta miyezi ingapo yapitayo. Kompyuta yaying'ono ya kampani yakale ndi chowunikira chachikulu chaching'ono chaikidwa pa choyimilira, pamodzi ndi mbewa yoyenera ndi IBM Model M yodalirika yomwe ndakhala ndikuigwiritsa ntchito kwa zaka zambiri. Mwadzidzidzi, ergonomics ya malo anga ogwirira ntchito inakhala bwino chifukwa sindikufunikanso kuwerama pang'ono kuti ndione chophimbacho.
Makompyuta akale a pakompyuta adachokera kale. Ndikuganiza kuti ili ndi mpikisano uliwonse wa AMD womwe umapikisana ndi Pentium 4, ndipo ngati ndikukumbukira bwino, kukumbukira kwake kwa 512 MB kumaonedwa kuti ndikofunikira kwambiri. Kumbuyo, ili ndi ma socket osiyana kwambiri ndi socket yanga yatsopano, ma serial ports, SCSI port, ndi parallel printer port. Mkati mwa chassis, ma drive ake osiyanasiyana amatumikiridwa ndi ma ribbon cables. Ili ndi floppy drive. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, mawaya a zinthu zake zotsatizana ndi opepuka kwambiri, ndipo kukula kwa cholumikizira ndi kochepa kwambiri. Ma USB plugs angapo ndi network cable, komanso SATA ya ma disk drives ake. Nthawi yayikulu yolumikizirana ma multiple yatha, ndipo ambiri a ife tikhoza kumasuka.
Vuto ndi zingwe zingapo ndilakuti nthawi zambiri zinali zodula kwambiri panthawiyo, kotero ndikuganizabe kuti zili ndi mtengo winawake. Ngakhale kuti SCSI drive yanga yomaliza kapena VGA monitor yanga yachotsa coil yoopsa iyi, ndimapachikabe pa chingwecho, mukudziwa, ngati zingatheke. Pali bokosi lotupa lomwe labisika pashelefu kwinakwake, kapena ngati muli m'malo anga opangira zinthu ku Milton Keynes, mabokosi ambiri otupa. Ndisanamalize kuyeretsa, tiyeni tiwone bwino zinthu izi, poganiza kuti simudzakhumudwa mukatenga choduliracho kupita ku zingwe zina zabwino kwambiri. Skani gulu, ndipo ambiri amagawidwa m'magulu anayi akuluakulu. Parallel SCSI, VGA, parallel printer, ndipo chifukwa ichi ndi chingwe cha SCART multi-channel audiovisual cholembedwa ku Europe.
Monga momwe mungayembekezere kuchokera ku mawonekedwe ofanana, chingwe cha SCSI chimatenga mawonekedwe a mawaya ambiri, koma mukayang'ana bwino mkati mwa pulagi, chodabwitsa ndichakuti palibe chotchinga kapena chopindika pakati pa mawayawo. Chingwe chosindikizira chofanana chili ndi kapangidwe kofanana kwambiri: ndi doko la 8-bit pa host. Kumbali inayi, mawaya a VGA ndi SCART ali ndi ma coaxial shield coaxial shield coaxial signals ndi mawaya ena amodzi a control signals.
Pamene ndimaganizira momwe ndingagwiritsirenso ntchito zingwe zotere, ndinazindikira kuti tapita patsogolo bwanji kuyambira nthawi ya ma interfaces ambiri a zingwe. USB tsopano imaphimba zipangizo zambiri za pakompyuta zomwe kale zinkagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ma SCSI ofanana, ma parallel, ndi ma serial ports, ndipo pafupifupi ma audiovisual connections onse akusamukira ku HDMI mwachangu. Ma interfaces ofulumira awa amapereka deta yambiri ndi mawaya amkuwa ochepa.
Zikuoneka kuti pali zingwe zambiri zomwe ndaziwona kulikonse, ndipo zakhala zopanda ntchito. Mosiyana ndi kusintha kwina kwaukadaulo, monga machubu otayira mpweya kupita ku ma transistors, kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo sikunachepe ndi ukadaulo watsopano, kotero moyo wawo wogwiritsa ntchito sunapitirire nthawi yawo yogwiritsira ntchito. M'malo mwake, ukadaulo wawo ukafika pachimake, nthawi yomweyo umakhala zinyalala zamagetsi, komwe tingapeze komwe kumachokera phindu lawo. Ngati muli ndi zingwe zambiri za SCSI kwinakwake, kodi mumazigwira chifukwa mukuganiza kuti mudzazifunanso tsiku lina?
Kuwotcha zingwe kuti mubwezeretse mkuwa, 2018, Accra, Ghana. Muntaka Chasant [CC BY-SA 4.0]. Ndiye tiyenera kuchita chiyani? Kodi zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pazinthu zina? Mulimonsemo, ndani amagwiritsa ntchito waya wa njira 40 kapena zingwe zambiri za coaxial zomwe sizili bwino masiku ano? Ndikufuna kumva maganizo anu mu ndemanga.
Nthawi yomweyo, ndili ndi zingwe zambiri zoti ndithane nazo, ndipo vutoli ndi ili. Mkuwa womwe uli nawo ndi wamtengo wapatali, koma nthawi zambiri, zinthu zawo zotetezera kutentha ndi PVC. Kubwezeretsanso zinthu kungakhale kovuta. Ngati mphamvu yoyaka ndi yochepa, imatulutsa mankhwala oopsa. Kwa zaka zambiri, pakhala pali nkhani zambiri zokhudza kutumiza zinyalala zamagetsi kuchokera kumayiko otukuka kupita kumayiko otukuka. Zinyalalazo zinatenthedwa poyera kuti zichotse zitsulo. Ngakhale kuti njira zatengedwa kuti zithetse vutoli, pakadali pano pali nkhawa yoti zingwezo zitha kutayidwa moyenera.
Pano, boma langa lapafupi lili ndi malo ogwiritsira ntchito zinthu zobwezerezedwanso, kenako limasamutsa zinthu zobwezerezedwanso ku makampani apadera obwezerezedwanso. Pa zingwe zophimbidwa ndi PVC, zimadulidwa kuti zilekanitse mkuwa ndi pulasitiki, kenako pulasitikiyo imawola kuti ipange zinthu zopangira hydrocarbon zogwiritsidwa ntchito m'makampani opanga mankhwala.
Mu malo anga odulira mawaya, tidzakhala ndi gulu logwira ntchito kuti tichepetse mulu wa mawaya kufika pamlingo woyenera. Takumana ndi nthawi yodutsa popanda kudziwa, ngakhale Brian Benchoff adayitcha kuti Hackaday zaka zingapo zapitazo. Mosakayikira patatha zaka zingapo, tidzapeza cholumikizira cha SCSI ndipo tidzakhala ndi chisoni chotaya mawaya a SCSI amenewo, koma poganizira malo omwe tidzapeza, ndikuganiza kuti tidzatenga chiopsezo. Funso ndilakuti, kodi inunso mutero?
Muyenera kutsegula chikwama changa cha zaka 30 kuchokera m'manja mwanga... Ndagwira ntchito mu AV, POS, makampani ndi zaumoyo IT ndipo ndapeza chingwe... (ndi Ram, modemu ya ISA kapena 2): P
"Ngakhale kuti SCSI drive yanga yomaliza kapena VGA monitor yachotsa coil yoopsa iyi, ndimayimabe pa chingwe, mukudziwa, ngati zingatheke."
Ndaonapo ena ndi HDMI/DisplayPort, koma ngakhale ma seva atsopano akadali ndi VGA (EG, HP DL380 Gen10). Palibe amene akufuna kutaya (adaputala yomwe tidagula) ma KVM onse omwe akadali mchipinda cha ma seva. (Kapena ngati simungathe kugula KVM, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito "chowonetsera chomwe chili pafupi ndi choyikamo chokhala ndi chingwe chachitali kwambiri"). Komabe, USB yasintha bwino doko la PS2, kotero ndikuganiza kuti pamapeto pake tidzachotsa VGA.
Ngati mtengo wa adaputala ya HDMI ndi wochepera $5 microcontroller yomwe mukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito, ndiye kuti ndikuvomereza kuti VGA ndi yakale.
Mutha kugula imodzi pa AliExpress pamtengo wa $3.75 ndikutumiza kwaulere. Ndikuganiza kuti nthawi yakwana yoti anthu ambiri apitirire patsogolo. https://www.aliexpress.com/item/32947446707.html
https://www.banggood.com/HDMI-1_4-Micro-HDMI-D-Male-to-Standard-HDMI-A-Female-Connector-Adapter-Support-3D-WiFi-For-HD-Image-p- 1159840.html
Ndinayesa kulumikiza HDMI ku LCD yanga pa console yomangidwa ndi FreeNAS, koma sizinagwire ntchito bwino. Ndinafunika kugula chingwe cha VGA kuchokera ku sitolo ya geek yakomweko pamtengo wa $5, ndipo tsopano nditha kupitanso. Ha ha
Makompyuta opangidwa ndi manja monga makompyuta a Arduino ndi ma board opanga ma FPGA amagwiritsabe ntchito VGA, chifukwa ma resistors ochepa amatha kupanga chizindikiro chabwino cha kanema wa analog. Komabe, ndiyenera kuti ndikudabwa ngati DVI-A imagwirizana ndi zingwe, kapena yosavuta ngati imeneyo?
Zingwe za VGA zikadali zothandiza polumikiza ma projekitala a data ku ma laputopu, chifukwa zingwe zazitali za HDMI ndizofooka - zimagwira ntchito kapena sizigwira ntchito. Chizindikiro cha VGA chimangowoneka ngati chosawoneka bwino, koma palibe amene angazindikire.
Ndinagula ma extender angapo a EMI VGA ku sitolo yachiwiri yogulitsa zinthu zakale kumapeto kwa sabata yatha, iliyonse pamtengo wa $0.50. Koma sindinapeze zikalata zawo zilizonse kudzera pa intaneti.
"Kulumikiza" nthawi zambiri sikuthandiza. Koma mukazilekanitsa, mumakhala ndi zingwe zambiri "zaulere". Waya wolimba ndi wabwino kwambiri popanga ma breadboard kapena ma prototypes okhazikika. Ma cores osasunthika ndi osowa kwambiri, ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala abwino kuposa ma cores olimba. Ndi oyenera kwambiri kulumikiza ma custom interconnects.
Mukhozanso kulumikiza ulusi wosiyanasiyana, kuupotoza kukhala chizunguliro, ndikukulunga malekezero kuti apange chozungulira chonga maluwa. Pafupifupi zaka 4 zapitazo, ndinapeza
Bwerani kuno kudzatenga izi. Ndi gwero lotsika mtengo kwambiri la mawaya ambiri olumikizira amitundu yosiyanasiyana. Sindikufuna kugula ma spool 40 amitundu yosiyanasiyana, koma nthawi zina ndimafunika kukonzekera mitundu yambiri ya ntchito, kenako ndidzapeza imodzi mwa akale awa ndikuichotsa.
Mukapeza SCSI drive yakale, vuto ndilakuti ngati makina anu ali ndi chowongolera chogwira ntchito, mapulogalamu omwe amathandizira chowongoleracho, ndi chingwe choyenera cholumikizira - kumapeto kwa SCSI uku kupita kumapeto kwina kwa SCSI ... .
Zaka zingapo zapitazo, nditapeza choyendetsera chakale chomwe sindinachigwiritse ntchito kwa zaka zoposa 10, ndinagwa. Ndinakhala ola limodzi kapena awiri ndikuyang'ana zida zolumikizira, mukudziwa, kuti ndione zomwe zili pa icho. Kenako ndinazindikira kuti sindinachigwiritse ntchito kuchita chilichonse kwa zaka zambiri, ndipo yankho linali lodziwikiratu kuti "Sindikusamala" 
Ndapeza zingwe zakale ndi magwero abwino a mawaya (inde, ndikudziwa kuti amapangidwa ndi zinthuzi, koma si "mawaya" onse omwe ndi ofanana).
Waya womwe uli mu chingwe cha SCSI pachithunzichi ndi wothandiza kwambiri - ukhoza kukhala chowongolera chenicheni cha mkuwa chokhala ndi kutchinjiriza kwabwino kwamitundu yosiyanasiyana - choyenera kwambiri kupanga zinthu, komanso chabwino kuposa zojambula zamkuwa zomwe zili pakati pa nayiloni, monga momwe zilili masiku ano.
Koma ngakhale zili choncho, mukufuna ndalama zingati? Posachedwapa, ndinadutsa m'bokosi langa la chingwe ndipo pamapeto pake ndinapeza zingwe zingapo zabwino zolumikizirana (zomwe zimatha kugawidwa m'ma waya osiyanasiyana mutachotsa chidebecho). Zina zonse sizoyenera kukonzedwanso. Kuchuluka kwa malo mukachotsa mabokosi atatu, anayi, kapena asanu a mabanki odzaza ndi zingwe ndi phindu labwino.
"Kenako ndinazindikira mwadzidzidzi kuti sindinali nditagwiritsa ntchito chinthu chilichonse kwa zaka zambiri, ndipo yankho linali lodziwikiratu kuti "Sindikusamala" "
Ndili ndi ma IDE drive pafupifupi asanu ndi limodzi omwe akundiyembekezera kuti ndiwafufuze. Ndikutsimikiza kuti pali zithunzi zina za digito (zina mwa izo) zomwe ziyenera kubwezeretsedwa.
Komabe, zida zambiri zapadera (monga zida zachipatala) nthawi zambiri zimafuna zida zakale kuti zigwire ntchito. Pafupifupi zaka 15 zapitazo, mnzanga wina anandifunsa ngati akudziwa komwe angapeze hard drive ya 20 Meg. (IIRC, akufunika ST-225)
Pali zipangizo zakale zingapo zopangira synthesizer zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito SCSI. RaSCSI ndi yabwino, koma kuti igwire ntchito, ndikufunikadi kugula chingwe cha SCSI. 2018!
(Kwenikweni, si zoipa. Zikupezeka ku sitolo yapaintaneti yapafupi pamtengo wa $10 ndipo zidzafika pakatha masiku ochepa. Palibe chifukwa chosungira mawaya ambiri.)
Ndidakali ndi ST-225 ndi ST-251 (40MB!) zomwe zili mu 286 yakale. Phokoso la kuzungulira kwawo ndi lodabwitsa kwambiri.
Nditasunga zinthu zanga zakale za scsi kwa chaka chimodzi kapena ziwiri, pamapeto pake ndinazitaya, koma sindinazigwiritse ntchito kwenikweni, ndipo patatha miyezi iwiri, winawake anandipatsa khadi la SCSI ndi hard drive A2000 yolakwika.
Nkhani yanga ndi iyi. Nthawi iliyonse ndikamaliza kudzigonjetsa ndekha ndikutaya zomwe ndasunga kwa zaka zambiri (kapena makumi ambiri) mkati mwa miyezi 6, pamapeto pake ndimapeza ntchito yake ndipo sindilinso nayo.
Ndinataya Zip drive yomaliza m'chidebe cha zinyalala, ndipo tsiku lotsatira ndinalandira pempho loti ndikope deta kuchokera m'bokosi lodzaza ndi ma Zip disk. Monga ntchito yolipidwa, ndinakhala wosambira m'chidebe changa cha zinyalala.
Kiyibodi ndi mbewa zasowa waya, monganso intaneti, ndipo mutha kupeza makina okhala ndi zingwe zamagetsi ndi makanema okha! (Pa Mac, izi zitha kukhala zingwe zomwezo)
Asanafike m'badwo wachitatu, ma hard drive a M.2 anali omwe anali okhazikika pa bolodi la amayi, ndipo ankayikidwa ngati khadi la wifi mu laputopu. Chingwe china chikusowa.
DisplayPort ndi komwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa kanema. Thunderbolt ikugwira ntchito. Mutha kusankha kutumiza deta ya doko lowonetsera kapena PCIe, ndikuyika chiwonetserocho kapena GPU yakunja.
Nkhani yosiyana pang'ono: Ndili ndi kuchotsera pa mitundu yakale ya Lenovo Tiny, M72e M92p M93p M900 M700, ndi zina zotero. Ngati mukufuna kupenga, P320 P300 ili ndi khadi yeniyeni ya PCIe yokhala ndi makanema otulutsa 4x (+2 omwe ali mu iGPU)
Pafupifupi 7"x7"x1.5" ndipo amagwiritsa ntchito ma processor enieni a pa desktop. Zodabwitsa! (Ndikudziwa kuti poyamba anali ma processor ochepa mphamvu, koma ndikukhulupirira kuti ma processor wamba amatha kugwira ntchito, mwina kugwiritsa ntchito throttle stop kapena Intel XTU kuti muchepetse magetsi. Chip yanga ya 4570t low-power imagwiritsa ntchito ma watts 40 pa turbocharger, ngakhale kuti ndi chip ya 35w pang'ono. Chifukwa chake ndinawonjezera turbo tdp kufika pa 40 ndikuyichepetsa ndi ma millivolts 60, ndikupangitsa kuti turbo ya 36-watt ikuwonjezere kuthamanga. Ngati mukufuna makina otsika mtengo, ndikukhulupirira kuti mutha kuwonjezera chip ya desktop ya 51w kufika pa 40-45w, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito chip yothamanga kwambiri yopanda turbo)
Ayi...si makiyibodi ndi mbewa zonse zomwe zili ndi waya. Inde, pali makiyibodi ndi mbewa zopanda waya kwa iwo omwe akuzifuna... koma zambiri zimakhala ndi waya, ndipo kutengera ndi pulogalamuyo, makiyibodi/mbewa zolumikizidwa zimakhala bwino m'njira zambiri.
Sizili choncho chifukwa zimalumikizidwa kudzera pa USB, chifukwa zimachepetsa liwiro lotsitsimula kufika pa 125 Hz, ndipo simungathenso kuchita n-key rollover. Chifukwa chake n'chakuti PS/2 imatumiza khodi yoyatsa/kuzima, pomwe USB imasintha mtengo wa kiyi wosinthidwa, ndipo pali makiyi asanu ndi limodzi okha omwe angasinthidwe pa chimango chilichonse.
Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, doko la PS/2 kwenikweni ndi doko lotsatizana lomwe limagwira ntchito pa liwiro la "kutsitsimutsa" pafupifupi 1500 Hz, chifukwa umu ndi momwe zimatengera nthawi kuti kusintha kwa code kudutse. Woyang'anira amasunga mabatani omwe asindikizidwa kapena osasindikizidwa.
Zotsatira zake, makiyibodi onse (ndi mbewa) masiku ano amachedwa kwambiri ndi USB ndipo alibe phindu lenileni poyerekeza ndi zida zopanda zingwe zopangidwa bwino.
Kwa ine, chinthu chabwino kwambiri chomwe chimapezeka mu kiyibodi ndi mbewa zomwe zili ndi waya ndichakuti palibe batire yoti muyiyikenso kapena kuisintha.
Mbewa yanga yolumikizidwa ndi waya nthawi zina imapweteka ndipo imatuluka kumbuyo kwa thireyi ya kiyibodi. Koma izi ndi bwino kuposa kulola mwana wanga wamkazi kutenga mbewa yopanda waya, chifukwa adataya!
Pa mbewa, kusiyana si kwakukulu, chifukwa momwe kompyuta imawerengera mbewa ya PS/2 ndi yosiyana pang'ono. Imatumiza zosokoneza pafupipafupi ya 200 Hz, kotero mbewa yolumikizidwa ndi USB si yochedwa kwambiri, ndipo chifukwa cha magulu osiyanasiyana a HID, imatha kukhazikitsidwa pamlingo wotsitsimula wa 1000 Hz.
Ndinasintha kugwiritsa ntchito mbewa yopanda zingwe kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1990, kapena mwina kunali koyambirira kwambiri. Popeza batire yanga ya mbewa inali yakufa, ndinatemberera ndikupunthwa pa njira zazifupi zolumikizira makiyi kwa zaka zingapo. Nditakula, ndinasiya kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zimenezo. Tsopano ndimagwiritsa ntchito mbewa yopanda zingwe pazida zonyamulika monga mafoni kapena mapiritsi.
Nthawi yotumizira: Novembala-23-2021