Nk’uko ikigo gishinzwe ubucuruzi n’ubucuruzi cya China Trade Relief Information Network kibitangaza, Ubuhinde bwatangije imanza 25 z’ubutabazi bw’ubucuruzi ku Bushinwa mu 2020, harimo 24 zo kurwanya ikoreshwa ry’ingufu n’imwe yo kurwanya inkunga, zikaba ari zo za mbere ku isi. Mu gihe cyo gukorana ubucuruzi n’Ubuhinde, imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi, umutwe w'umugore na utugarura-rumuri tw'amakamyo ahantu hagomba kwandikwa.
Porogaramu 4 zo mu Bushinwa zarahagaritswe umwaka wose
Ku mugoroba wo ku ya 29 Kamena 2020, Guverinoma y'Ubuhinde yahagaritse mu buryo butunguranye ikoreshwa rya porogaramu y'Abashinwa ya "59" mu Buhinde, harimo TikTok, WeChat, Weibo, amabaruwa ya QQ, porogaramu za UC, n'ibindi. Ku ya 25 Nyakanga, WeChat yashyize ku mugaragaro abakoresha bayo mu Buhinde uburenganzira bwo kohereza no kwakira ubutumwa. Muri 2020, inshuro enye zikurikiranya, hagarika porogaramu za telefoni zigendanwa zifite inkomoko y'Abashinwa.
Guhera mu 2021, Ubuhinde bukomeje "gutera ubwoba": nk'uko byatangajwe n'itangazamakuru ryo mu Buhinde ku ya 25 Mutarama, ishami ry'ikoranabuhanga n'ikoranabuhanga mu Buhinde ryasohoye itangazo rishya, rituma itegeko ryashyizweho muri Kamena ishize ribuza porogaramu 59 z'Abashinwa, nka TikTok, WeChat, UC, rihagarikwa burundu.
Byongeye kandi, mu mpera za 2020, Ubuhinde ntibwashyizwemo ubwo ibihugu 15 by’Ubushinwa, Ubuyapani, Repubulika ya Koreya, Ositaraliya, Nouvelle-Zélande na ASEAN byashyiraga umukono ku masezerano y’ubufatanye mu bukungu bw’akarere (RCEP), yasinywe n’ibihugu 10.
Nk'igihugu gikomeye cyo muri Aziya, Ubuhinde bwahisemo kutinjira muri RCEP. Nyuma y'imyaka myinshi y'ibiganiro Ubuhinde ntibwinjira muri RCEP nubwo hari impamvu z'ubukungu, inzego, ingamba, imitekerereze n'izindi mpamvu zihariye, ariko imitekerereze yo "gusubiramo" iragaragara cyane. Isesengura ry'impamvu zihariye zatumye Ubuhinde butinjira muri RCEP ryari rikubiyemo ibi bikurikira:
Ubukungu bw'u Buhinde bwageze ku bintu bikomeye mu myaka yashize, ariko imiterere y'inganda zayo ntabwo ihagije, yiganjemo serivisi, inganda, cyane cyane inganda, byari igice gito cy'ubukungu rusange. Hamwe n'ibyo Minisitiri w'Intebe Modi yavuze mu 2014, "byakorewe mu Buhinde" ntibyageze ku musaruro wari witezwe, kuba ibicuruzwa biva hanze bikenerwa n'ibindi bicuruzwa ndetse n'ibura ry'ubucuruzi ry'igihe kirekire. Kuri ubu, u Buhinde bufite ibura ry'ubucuruzi hamwe n'ibihugu 11 muri 15 bigize RECP, bitewe n'inganda zikora mu Buhinde zidakora neza, umusaruro muto kandi uciriritse, ibiciro by'ibicuruzwa biri hejuru ndetse no kutagira ubushobozi bwo guhangana n'ibindi bihugu ku rwego mpuzamahanga.
Ibikoresho bya tekiniki n'amashanyarazi byihariye 10% by'ibicuruzwa byose byoherezwa mu mahanga mu Buhinde, mu gihe ibicuruzwa by'ibanze byihariye kimwe cya gatatu. Ibikoresho byinshi by'inganda, nka sima n'ibyuma, bigura arenga 20% cyangwa arenga 30% by'isoko mpuzamahanga. Ariko Ubuhinde bwemera ko bufite isoko rinini ry'imbere mu gihugu kandi ko ibicuruzwa byabwo bishobora kugera ku isoko ry'imbere mu gihugu.
Ubuhinzi bw'u Buhinde bushingiye ahanini ku nkunga ya leta, ku rwego rwo hasi rwo kuvugurura, ntabwo bushobora kugereranywa na Ositaraliya, Nouvelle-Zélande, Ubuyapani n'ibindi. Niba imisoro ya RCEP igabanijwe cyangwa ikavanwaho, inganda zidafite imbaraga nk'inganda, ubuhinzi, ibikomoka ku mata zizahungabana, ibigo bimwe na bimwe bizafungwa kandi abakozi bazaba badafite akazi.
Nk’igihugu gifite ingamba zo kurinda imisoro n’amahoro kuva kera, Ubuhinde ni bwo bwari bufite imisoro myinshi mu bihugu bigize RCEP kandi mbere bwari bwarasinye amasezerano y’ubucuruzi bw’ubuntu n’Ubuhinde, bwari bwarasabye ko ibindi bihugu byabushyigikira cyane. Urugero, CEPA (Amasezerano y’Ubufatanye mu by’Ubukungu n’Ubuyapani), imisoro y’Ubuhinde ku bicuruzwa by’Ubuyapani yagabanutse igera kuri 7.5%, mu gihe imisoro y’Ubuyapani ku bicuruzwa by’Ubuhinde yagabanutse igera kuri 3.3%.
Kuri iyi nshuro, kubera umubare munini w’ibihugu bigize umuryango, bimwe mu bihugu biri hasi ugereranije n’urwego rw’iterambere ry’ubukungu bw’u Buhinde. Biragoye cyane kugira ibyo uha u Buhinde gusa. Icyuho mu bucuruzi bw’u Buhinde cyariyongereye kubera ubwoba bwo gukururwa n’ibihugu nk’Ubushinwa, Ubuyapani na Koreya y’Epfo, mu gihe cyagiye kiganira ku misoro y’ibanze, amategeko y’inkomoko, ubucuruzi bwa serivisi, amasoko n’amategeko y’ishoramari.
Ubwo u Buhinde bwahangayikishijwe n’ingaruka zo kwinjira muri RCEP ku nganda zifitanye isano n’izi ngaruka z’ubushomeri bwa miliyoni, ibi bikaba bitajyanye n’icyerekezo cyabwo cyo kuvugurura inganda, bwahisemo kutinjira muri RCEP.
2. Ndahangayitse kuri RCEP iyobowe n'Ubushinwa
Ubuhinde bwahangayikishijwe cyane n’izamuka ry’Ubushinwa, politiki y’ubufatanye n’amahanga ihora yiganjemo ubwayo, ishishikariza cyane BIMSTEC (umuryango w’ubukungu n’ubutwererane mu bya tekiniki mu karere ka Bay of Bengal)," gahunda y’imvura y’umuhindo "," Ihuriro ry’Ubutwererane mu Karere k’Inyanja y’Abahinde "," Ihuriro ry’Abasirikare bo mu Nyanja y’Abahinde "n’ibindi.
Mu bihugu bigize RCEP, Ubushinwa ni bwo bukungu bukomeye kandi ni kimwe mu bihugu bitanu bihoraho by’Inama y’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ishinzwe umutekano. Itangazamakuru ryo mu Burengerazuba bw’isi n’amakuru yo mu Buhinde bemeranya ko RCEP izagengwa n’Ubushinwa cyangwa ko Ubushinwa buzatanga inkunga ya RCEP kugira ngo burusheho kwagura imbaraga z’akarere. Uwahoze ari Minisitiri w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga w’Ubuhinde, Kanwar Sibal (Kanwal Sibal), yavuze ko ibihugu bya "Ingamba zo mu Buhinde n’Uburasirazuba" byasabye "ko Ubushinwa burwanya", mu gihe RCEP yashimangiye umubano w’ubukungu n’Ubushinwa kandi igagabanya uruhare rw’Umuryango w’Ubuhinde n’Uburasirazuba.
Kubera iyo mpamvu, Ubuhinde buratinya kwinjira mu ishyaka rya RCEP riyobowe n'Ubushinwa
3. Kurwanya kw'ingabo zo mu gihugu
Ubuhinde ni politiki y’amatora n’inyungu, kandi politiki yabwo y’ububanyi n’amahanga igengwa n’ibintu byinshi. Kuri ubu, Ubuhinde ntibufite amacakubiri akomeye muri politiki gusa, ahubwo n’ubukungu ntibwagize isoko rimwe. Igihugu cye cyahoranye ijwi ritandukanye ku bijyanye no kwinjira muri RCEP. Abatavuga rumwe na leta baturuka ku bigo bito n’ibiciriritse bifite imbaraga nke zo guhangana, ndetse n’abahinzi, ndetse n’imbaraga zimwe na zimwe za politiki zo mu gihugu. Iya mbere ni iyo mu baherwe, badafite amikoro menshi, badashobora kwihanganira igitutu cy’irushanwa n’ibyago byatewe na RCEP, naho iya kabiri irwanya kwinjira muri RCEP ahanini kubera impamvu za politiki.
Ku gitutu gikomeye, guverinoma ya Modi yagombaga kureka kujya muri RCEP, kugira ngo ikomeze kuba abategetsi bayo b'imbere mu gihugu.
4. Kugabanuka kw'izamuka ry'ubukungu
Mu myaka ya vuba aha, kugira ngo ubukungu burusheho kwiyongera, guverinoma ya Modi yashyizeho gahunda y’ishoramari rinini kandi inanoza ibidukikije by’ubucuruzi kugira ngo ikurweho ishoramari ry’abanyamahanga, iteze imbere inganda n’uruhererekane rw’inganda, ariko ingaruka ntizishimishije. Muri iki gihe, ubukungu bw’u Buhinde buragabanuka cyane, kurengera imbere mu gihugu biri hejuru. Mu 2020, igipimo cy’ubukungu bw’u Buhinde cyageze ku gipimo cyo hasi mu myaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo, cyagizweho ingaruka n’icyorezo. Uko ubukungu bwagendaga bugabanuka, amavugurura yarahagaze, imyenda irazamuka, ubushomeri burushaho kwiyongera, kandi abantu bari bahanganye, amashyaka atavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi n’abahinzi badahanganye cyane, abacuruzi n’abacuruzi batangiye kwibasira leta ya Modi kenshi. Iyo leta isinye amasezerano ya RCEP, igitutu cy’abatavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi kiba kinini.
5 Siga umwanya wo gukurikiza ingamba za Indo-Pacific
Hashize igihe kinini, Ubuhinde bukomeje politiki y’ububanyi n’amahanga ifatika. Kuri ubu, mu rwego rw’ubufatanye bw’akarere, uretse RCEP, Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika n’ibindi bihugu bishishikarije Ubuhinde kwinjira muri "Ingamba zo mu Buhinde na Pasifika", Brexit Ubwongereza nabwo bwizeye gusinya amasezerano y’ubucuruzi bw’ubwisanzure n’Ubuhinde. Ubuhinde bwizera ko muri iki gihe cy’amahirwe y’iterambere, impande zose zigomba kubwishyura, zishobora gushyirwa mu kaga.
Kubera ko Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika zirenza urugero mu gushimangira ingaruka zabyo, ndetse no gusubira inyuma kw'ingamba za "Ubuhinde na Pasifika", Ubuhinde "burahenda cyane" cyangwa "burajya impaka" ku bibazo bya RCEP, bigatuma ibiganiro birushaho kugorana.
Uburyo bwo gutekereza ku mibanire y'ubucuruzi hagati y'Ubushinwa n'Ubuhinde
Mu gihe hari impinduka zikomeye mu miterere mpuzamahanga n'ingorane mu mubano w'Ubushinwa n'Ubuhinde, amahitamo y'Ubuhinde agomba kurebwa mu buryo buboneye, butuje kandi bushyize mu gaciro. Mu gihe kizaza, Ubushinwa n'Ubuhinde, kimwe n'ibindi bihugu bireba, bigomba kwihatira gukuraho ubwumvikane buke, guhuza amakimbirane, guteza imbere gahunda yo guhuza ubukungu bw'akarere, no gushyiraho ahazaza heza.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gashyantare-01-2021