Chishandiso chakaoma che programmable logic device (CPLD) chinhu chakakosha mu repertoire yako. Sezvinoreva zita racho, unogona kuronga machipisi aya kuti akupe mabasa e logic aunoda. Izvi zvinogona kunge zviri kutsiva machipisi ekare, kana kungova nzira yekudzidza nekuyedza matekinoroji akasiyana. Ndeipi nzira iri nani yekudzidza pane kushandisa CPLD woedza?
Ndakagadzira CPLD module kuti ndikwanise kuibatanidza muzvinhu zvakawanda, kusanganisira mabhodhi echingwa asina solder, asi ndakakanganisa. Zvinoita sekuti nzvimbo iripo yekubatanidza pabhodhi rechingwa risina solder i 1.1 inches. Ndakaita kuti nzvimbo yetsoka ive yakafara 1 inch, ndisingasiyi nzvimbo yetambo dzakatevedzana kumativi ese. Uh.
Asi regai ndidzokere shure ndiratidze zvakawanda nezve zvandiri kuita, ndinoda kugadzira logic inogona kurongwa inogona kuvakwa sekit, inogona kusungirirwa zviri nyore kumba, inogona kurongwa mucircuit, uye inogona kushanda pa3.3 kana 5 volts.
Kuti ndigadzire kit iri nyore kushandisa, ndakashandisa chikamu chekare cheCPLD, chinowanikwawo mu3.3v ne5v, uye chichachengetedza mapurogiramu acho pasinei nemagetsi aripo. Logic pachayo iCPLD IC kubva kuAltera Max series, inowanikwa mumhando mbiri, yakakodzera mabhodhi edunhu ane macrocells 32 kana 64. Macrocells ndiwo mabhuroko ekutanga e logic anorongwa achishandisa "mazwi" ane logical uye obatanidzwa nemamwe macrocell kuburikidza ne programmable interconnects.
Kana ukatarisa schematic, unogona kuona kuti haina zvakawanda zvirimo: chaizvoizvo CPLD, in-circuit programming circuit uye oscillator inofambisa CPLD logic.
Chikamu ichi chinonzi EPM7032 uye EPM7064, chichishandisa 44-pin plastic lead chip carrier (PLCC), dzimwe nguva chinonzi J lead nekuda kwechimiro cheJ chelead lead. Pakeji iyi inogona kuiswa musokisi rinopinda nepaburi kana kusungirirwa zvakananga kuPCB.
Ine oscillator iri mubhodhi, saka CPLD inogona kuita mabasa nemazvo uye kugadzira ma counters anokurumidza yoga pasina chikonzero chewachi yekunze. Kana wachi yekunze iripo, wachi yekukurumidza iri pamodule inogona kushandiswa kugadzira chiitiko chewachi pamucheto wega wega wekukwira kana kudonha kwewachi yekunze, uye ichiri kutevedzera nhungamiro dzeCPLD/FPGA, kureva kuti, unofanirwa kushandisa network yewachi yepasi rose panzvimbo pekuti "Asynchronous" inotyaira wachi. Voltage yemagetsi yakarongwa ye oscillator iyi iri pakati pe 1.8 ne 5.5 volts.
Kana ukaona vhidhiyo iyi, uchaona kuti ndiri kutaura nezvezvandinoda pakubata pini ye "INH" pa oscillator; zviri nyore kutaura, mushure mekunge ndaona kuti pepa re spec rinobvumirwa nemutemo, ndinowanzorega richibhururuka.
Pandinenge ndichiita mabasa akadaro, zvikonzero zvaindishamisa zvaisanganisira kusada kwangu kubatanidza mapini ekupinda zvakananga kuma power rails (kana zvichibvira). Kureva kuti, ndinosarudza kushandisa series resistors kuderedza current panguva dze transients, kunyangwe kana isingafaniri kudiwa.
Kwemakore, ndakaona mamwe matambudziko mukugadzirwa (mabatch makuru), uye dzimwe nguva zvinhu zvakaita se power cycling zvaibvumira mapini akabatana zvakananga ne power rail kuti ave ne voltage yakakwira kupfuura chip pachayo, izvo zvisina kunaka. Chekupedzisira, batanidza pin kune power rail kuburikidza ne resistor (ingave simba kana pasi), uye vanhu vanogona kuchinja pfungwa dzavo vozoshandisa pin gare gare. Izvi ndezvechokwadi zvakanyanya mune zvakaitika kwandiri nemagonhi asina kushandiswa, pamwe unoziva kuti magonhi aya haafanire kusiiwa akayangarara kana asina kubatana. Nekushandisa resistor inodhonza-kumusoro, unogona kubatanidza chiratidzo uye kushandisa gedhi pasina kucheka traces dzemhangura.
Chinobatanidza chine mapini gumi nema resistors mashoma zvinoumba circuit yepurogiramu. Kana ma resistors ese ari ma pull-up resistors, ndaizoshandisa resistor network, asi zvinosuwisa kuti imwe inenge yakamira.
Kuti ndigadzirise CPLD yakadaro yakazvimirira, panodiwa programmer yakatsaurirwa. Izvi zviri nyore kwandiri kutaura, nekuti ndinowanzova neashoma ari padivi pangu, asi kana usina, hazvizove zvinorwadza kupinda mumutambo. "Altera USB Blaster" yakatenderwa inotengeswa nemadhora makumi mashanu uye inogona kutengwa kubva kuDigikey nedzimwe nzvimbo. Ndine maclone akati wandei kubva kuEbay, rimwe rawo rinotsigira Altera, Xilinx neLattice panguva imwe chete. Pane purojekiti nekodhi paInternet zvinogona kushandiswa kugadzira clone yako, ndichazvinyora pane yangu runyorwa rwemavhidhiyo anogona kuwanikwa epurojekiti yekugadzira maclone eprogrammer. Ndicharatidzawo dhizaini yeshield umo motherboard, Arduino, PIC, nezvimwewo zvinogona kurongwa.
Software inodiwa pakugadzira nekugadzira CPLD inowanikwa mahara kubva kuAltera, asi chikamu ichi chekare chinoda vhezheni yekare 9.1. Mashoko akanaka ndeekuti ndiyo yandainyanya kufarira. Yaiva ne intuitive timing analyzer, asi yakabviswa mune imwe vhezheni yakazotevera.
PCB iri nyore kushandisa mativi maviri, chero bedzi bhodhi redunhu richirikwanira, ndinowanzo shandisa mhangura pakudzika pasi uye dzimwe nguva magetsi. Dzimwe nguva kudurura kunokanganisa zvekuti kunogona kukonzera matambudziko kana mhedzisiro isina kurongeka, saka kudurura mhangura zvakare chishandiso, asi chinofanira kutarisirwa.
Nhasi uno, mapakeji akawanda esoftware eCAD (kana asiri mazhinji) ane maonero e3D echigadzirwa chekupedzisira, kunyangwe kururama kwemifananidzo kwakarurama chete semamodeli e3D anoshandiswa kumiririra zvikamu. Pano unogona kuona kwandakasarudza modhi ye3D yesoketi ye44-pin, connector yeprogramming, uye oscillator. Heano mamwe mapakeji e3D andinofarira kushandisa:
Makambani mazhinji anewo mamodheru e3D ezvikamu zvavo. Molex muenzaniso mumwe chete wekambani yakaita basa rakanaka munharaunda iyi.
Chikanganiso chandakaita hachikanganisi mashandiro akaita serunako, uye harisi iro dambudziko guru, kureva kuti, harina kukodzera bhodhi rimwe chete risina solder.
Pandakafunga kuti ndingagovane dhizaini yacho nemunhu wese, ndakabva ndangogutsikana nezviratidzo zveCPLD uye pinout ye 40-pin connector, inova iyo footprint yayo yese. Ndakatora chiratidzo che 40-pin double-row connector ndikachigadzirisa kuita 1-inch footprint, asi ma pin numbers haasi 1, 2, 3, 4... asi ari 1 padivi seDIP package 3, 5, 7...se ring wire connectors. Saka, i footprint isiri yekunzwisisa yekusarudza ma connection ku module uye kugadzirisa matambudziko.
Saizvozvowo, mabasa eCPLD pin anonetsa zvishoma, uye ndakashandisa seti yemabasa anoshandiswa anoshandisa Boundary Scan Description Language (BSDL) kugadzira zviratidzo. Vatengesi vazhinji vane mafaira eBSDL anowanikwa kune zvikamu zvavo zvemainstream, izvo zvinokutendera kuti (semi-) ugadzire zviratidzo nemapakeji otomatiki. Kufanana nechero otomatiki, inofanira kuonekwa sechishandiso uye ingangoda kukwizwa zvakanyanya kuti uwane mhedzisiro yakanaka. Muchiitiko ichi, ndinoirega ichinyora mapini muhurongwa hwemavara, izvo zvinenge zvisina kurongeka pakutevera mapini ari pabhodhi. Ndinogona kungotaura kuti ndainetseka zvikuru zuva iroro.
Unobhadhara mari idzi dzepfupiso dzimwe nguva uri munzira. Pandinenge ndichichinja module iyi, ndichaisarudza ndoiisa pini inoenderana nechikamu chacho, kuitira kuti kuziva kwekuisa oscilloscope probe yako kuri nyore sekungotarisa chiratidzo chemufananidzo.
Pakushandisa mabhodhi edunhu, kune zvimwe zvinhu zvinovandudza zvinonyanya kubatsira kana kuti zvinoyevedza. Chiratidzo chepin 1 chinofanira kunge chakajairika mumapakeji akati wandei, uye ini ndinogara ndichida nzvimbo iri nyore yekubatanidza pasi reoscilloscope kana VOM lead. Ndingawedzera izvi nekuwedzera chinongedzo chetwo-pin kuitira kuti simba nepasi zvigone kushandiswa zvakananga pabhodhi pane kusungirirwa pamapini epasi.
Ndisati ndagadzirisa bhodhi redunhu, ndinoda kuva nechokwadi chekuti rinoshanda zvakanaka kana paine matambudziko emuviri uye runako. Mushure mekubatidza uye kusimbisa kuti oscillator iri kushanda zvakanaka, ndakaisa programmer mu plug-in. Kunyange zvazvo vhezheni ye3.3v iri itsva pane software yeprogram, yakaona CPLD ndokuiratidza semudziyo "usingazivikanwe".
Zvadaro, ndakagadzira kaunda ine Quartus ndikapa manhamba epini. Kuunganidza nekudhawunirodha nekukurumidza pamwe nebasa rekaunda rinoonekwa ne oscilloscope zvinosimbisa kuti dhizaini yacho inogoneka.
Nzira yekukurumidza yekuyedza muVerilog iri nyore kwazvo. Kodhi yacho yakanyorwa pazasi. Unogona kudhawunirodha faira reZIP rine schematic uye Verilog test circuit seprojekiti yeQuartus II (inoda vhezheni 9.1).
Sezvandambotaura, ndichaita shanduko yechipiri yebhodhi redunhu kuti ndinyatsotarisa zvinodiwa pakugovana dhizaini kana kuita chero dambudziko. Sezvo ndichifanira kuisa upamhi hwechinobatanidza chepasi kusvika 0.9 inches kana pasi, ndinogona kuramba ndichichiisa kusvika 0.6 inches, inova package yeDIP yakafara. Kuita izvi zvinoreva kurega mapini epasi achibuda kubva paCPLD socket footprint. Handingaite izvi mumamiriro ekugadzira nekuti yaiunganidzwa nemaoko panguva iyoyo, asi chimwe chezvinangwa chaive kugadzira kit yekusonesa nemaoko. Kubvumirana kwemaoko ndekwekuti oscillator inofanirwa kunge iri muSMD surface mount housing, vhezheni yeburi rakakura kwazvo uye kazhinji haitsigire voltage range yandinoda.
Zvinokwanisika here kushandisa mamodule aya kugadzira komputa iri nyore? Ndinofunga kuti ndinofanira kuwedzera memory.
Lol...hongu, zvinoenderana nerudzi rwekombuta. Zvisinei, "ma microcontrollers/ma microcomputers" chaiwo anokanganiswa ne "pin bonding" yemodule, zvinoreva kuti haugone kuwana mazwi akakwana kubva mumodule kuti uite chero chinhu chinobatsira zvakanyanya.
Ndakagadzira kamera yeNTSC ine timing uye mode controller ine saizi ye64, saka hapana processor inodiwa.
MaStructural Verilog neHDL anoshandiswa mubhuku rinonzi Nand to Tetris akafanana.
Sei zvikamu zviri mugomba? Kuwelda 0805 kuri nyore! Ino ndiyo nguva yekuti munhu wese agadzire hunyanzvi uhwu adzidze.
Kana ndikaita kuti soketi yepamusoro ipinde pakati pemapini akasungirirwa kubva pasi, ndinogona kushandisa "nzvimbo 6 (kutevedzera chip ye40-pin) kana diagonal, nezvimwewo. Izvi zvichave zvikamu zvekusonesa nemaoko zvekusonesa maleads epasi. Soketi yepamusoro iri kumashure kwetsoka.
Asi zvinonetsa kune vanotanga kuisanganisa kubva pasi. Pandinosanganisa maheaders ePCB yebreadboard (aya maSMD adapter boards aunogona kushandisa pa eBay anogona kushandiswa pakugadzira maprototyping), ndinoisa maheaders mubreadboard, ndobva ndaisa PCB pairi, uye ndinogona kuisanganisa zviri nyore. Yakakodzera mabreadboards. Kana uchida kuisanganisa kubva pasi, zvinotonyanya kuoma.
Kana CPLD iri pakati (zvingave nyore kuiisa netambo), inogona kuiswa yakapatsanurwa isina kupindirana, pane mitsara mina, kana kuti CPLD inogona kuva kudivi rimwe chete:
Ndatenda nepfungwa yekuti muise chinongedzo mubhodhi rekugadzira usati wabatanidza. Changu hachina kugadzikana.
Zvakadini nemapini eDIP format breadboard ari kumucheto mumwe uye rudzi rwe "dongle" rwechip socket pachayo kune rumwe rutivi? Chip inogona kuturikwa kumucheto kwebreadboard. Nzira yekufambisa inenge yakasimba.
|###### ********************* |. Ehe, ndakasarudza kushandisa shanduro yeAltera "yemahara", sezvinoita Xilinx naLattice vane shanduro "yemahara". Ndinofanira kupedzisa kutenderera naAl Williams kuti ndinzwisise zvinotsigirwa nerutsigiro rwese rwakavhurika, izvo zvinofanirwa kusanganisira hunhu hwakananga hweseji yemidziyo. Nekudaro, ndaita zvakawanda neshanduro yemahara.
Ehe, uri kuratidza kuti CPLD inopindirana nemapini ndinofunga. Kana ndikatevedzera nemazvo, izvi zvingaita se rev 2. Pandinenge ndichigadzira (huwandu) hwekugadzira, ndinogara ndiine allergy kune danho re "hand solder assembly" nekuti dzinopindirana (chaizvoizvo mapini e solder ari kudivi risiri re component). ) Ichinhu chakatogadzirwa nemaoko) asi ichi chingori kit diki, kwete dhizaini inotarisa kugadzirwa. Ndine tsika dzakaoma kubvisa pazera rangu. 
Ndinofunga kuti bhodhi redunhu rakaita seT rine CPLD uye zvikamu zvisingashande zvine chikamu chakafara cheT zvichabatsira zvikuru kana zvasungirirwa pamucheto webhodhi rekudyara. Chimwe chinhu chakafanana neAdafruit RasPi T-Cobbler (http://www.adafruit.com/products/2028). Izvi zvichaita kuti nzvimbo yakawanda yebhodhi rekudyara ivepo.
Zvinosuwisa kuti, kumisa kushandiswa kwayo kuchaderedza zvakanyanya kushandiswa kwayo mumapurojekiti eparutivi, kungofanana nemajenareta ese ebasa akavakirwa paXR2206 neICL8038.
Pfungwa inonakidza. Ndinoda machipisi maviri aya. CPLD haina kushandiswa kare, ingori nzira yakachipa yekutenga nayo ne3.3v.
Nezve "zvisina musoro" zvako... hauna kugadzira dhizaini itsva yekuiisa pabhodhi rechingwa. Ingoisa waya pabhodhi rechingwa kutanga, wobva waisa cpld pawaya. Kana, kana uchikwanisa kudhonza magetsi nezvidimbu zvevhu kubva pane chimwe chazvo, shandisa mabhodhi maviri echingwa.
Nezve Altium neEagle. Wakambofunga nezveKiCad here? Haina zvipingamupinyi zvekuti unosarudza Altium pane Eagle, uye zvinokonzeresa kuti pave neDRC errors kune ese mapini asina kubatana. Kana uchida zvechokwadi kuvhura pini, unofanira kuizivisa. (Pamwe chete yekuisa mukati, kwete yekuburitsa, uye haisati yaongororwa). Chimwe chinhu chakanaka ndechekuti iri nyore kudzidza. Yakatora masikati chete, uye bhuku rekushandisa rakanaka kwazvo rakandibatsira kutanga.
Ini ndinoda smd (chikamu chikuru) pamusoro pegomba rinopinda. Zviri nyore kushandisa. Haufanire kutenderedza pcb nguva dzese. (Kukanganisa kwakaitwa nekuda kwekutarisa girazi...). Uye haufanire kucheka lead ye resistor. Paunenge uchigovana dhizaini, mapakeji akawanda anogona kuiswa zviri nyore paPCB kana chikamu chimwe chete. SMD resistor TH. (Inoita kuti marongerwo acho ave akaomarara).
Ndakashandisa "KiCad Getting Started" mu pdf format. Shanduro yekare yandakashandisa ine mapeji makumi maviri nemapfumbamwe, uye shanduro yazvino ine mapeji makumi mashanu nemaviri. Unogona kuiwana mune mamwe ma tutorials (kusanganisira mavhidhiyo link): http://kicad-pcb.org/help/tutorials/
Ndinoziva kuti [Chris Gemmell] wekuHackaday neThe Amp Hour vakagadzira nhevedzano paKicad http://kicad-pcb.org/help/tutorials/
Kicad inogona kubatsira, regai ndione zvinoitika muRev 2. Ndatenda nemazano enyu. Kuisa ma inputs asina kubatana chinhu chakanaka kuDRC (ERC), uye kune zvinobatanidza nezvimwe zvinhu zvinoita kuti zvirambe zvakapfava kana IO, mameseji mazhinji eCAD disconnect anogona kudzivirirwa.
Edza nekukurumidza wokanda chinongedzo patafura isina chinhu, mhanyisa ma annotations uye DRC. Zvakandipa zvikanganiso zve drc papini yega yega. Zvisinei, kumaka mapini asina kubatana kuri nyore kwazvo.
Yakaiswa passive. Ndinofanira kutsvaga (Edit Component -> Edit with Library Editor. Mupepeti weraibhurari anovhura uye anorodha chikamu chako muhwindo rakasiyana, unogona kutarisa kana kuchinja chero chikamu chechikamu. Chikamu chakachinjwa chinogona kuchengetwa kana kugadziriswa muChirongwa chako. Izvi zvinoita kuti zvive nyore kwazvo kuchinja zvikamu. Handinyanyi kufarira raibhurari. Semuenzaniso, kana ukashandisa cpld, unoda kupa mazita ane revo kumapini. Chinonyanya kukosha, pane interface yakanaka yekugadzira zvikamu zvako.
MuKiCad's ERC, mapini "asina kubatana" imhando yakasiyana yepini kubva ku "passive pins", uye mapini ese "asina kubatana" anogadzira zvikanganiso. Mashandiro anoita ERC anogona kugadziriswa zviri nyore kuti aenderane nezvaunoda: Zvishandiso -> Electrical Rules Checker -> Options.
Nguva yekutumira: Mbudzi-18-2021