Kurakuran Toshewar Tashar Tashar Mai Yawan Danshi: Dabaru na Rigakafi don Shigar da Yanayi a Yankin Wurare Masu Yawa

TL;DR — Idan Kana da Daƙiƙa 60 Kacal

• Shigar da wutar lantarki a gabar teku na wurare masu zafi yana fuskantar raguwar toshewar tashar jiragen ruwa da kashi 15-25% cikin watanni 18 idan aka kwatanta da ƙasa da kashi 2% a yanayin zafi - saboda danshi mai yawa a ƙasa da kashi 80% yana ƙara yawan tsatsa a wuraren da waya ke haɗuwa da ruwa, yana ƙara juriyar haɗuwa har sai zafi ya haifar da katsewar da'ira. Tubalan ƙarshen da aka rufe da takaddun IP67 tare da takalman rufe silicone wajibi ne don shigarwa a waje.
• Tsarin tashohin matsewar bazara yana ƙirƙirar hanyoyin danshi na capillary a wurin shigar waya - Na ƙayyade tashoshin matsewar sukurori tare da haɗin matsewa mai rufewa don aikace-aikacen waje na wurare masu zafi inda shigar da danshi shine babban hanyar gazawar.
• Shigar da kebul da aka rufe ta amfani da takalman rufewa na silicone ko bututun manne mai rage zafi a wurin shigar waya ta toshewa yana kawar da babbar hanyar shiga danshi wacce ke haifar da tsatsa daga waya zuwa tashar.

Abin da Na Koya Game da Lalacewar Wutar Lantarki a Yankin Wurare Masu Yawa Bayan Shekaru Ashirin na Samar da Bulo na Tashar

Lokacin da na fara samar da kayan haɗin lantarki ga 'yan kwangilar lantarki a Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya a shekara ta 2006, korafin da na ji akai-akai shine game da lalacewar tubalan tashar jiragen ruwa a cikin shigarwar bakin teku na wurare masu zafi. 'Yan kwangilar lantarki za su kammala sabon shigarwa, tsarin zai yi aiki daidai na watanni na farko, sannan da'irori daban-daban za su fara gazawa - da farko lokaci-lokaci, sannan a hankali akai-akai har sai da'irar ta gaza gaba ɗaya. Saboda gazawar ta yaɗu a cikin da'irori da yawa a cikin shigarwa ɗaya maimakon a taru a wuri ɗaya, tsarin ya nuna wani abu na muhalli maimakon matsalar aikin shigarwa. Lokacin da na bincika lalacewar tubalan tashar jiragen ruwa da aka dawo daga shigarwar bakin teku na wurare masu zafi, tsarin gazawar ba za a iya fahimta ba: lalata galvanic a hanyar sadarwa ta waya zuwa lamba, wanda ya haifar da shigar da danshi cikin gidan toshewar tashar jiragen ruwa.

Saboda yanayin zafi na bakin teku yana da matakan zafi na yanayi wanda ya wuce kashi 80% akai-akai, kuma saboda zagayowar zafin rana a wurare masu zafi na bakin teku yana haifar da danshi ya samar a saman sanyi a lokacin sanyin safiya kafin rana ta dumama iska, wuraren rufe wutar lantarki da abubuwan da ke cikinsu - gami da tubalan ƙarshe - suna fuskantar zagayowar fallasa danshi na yau da kullun. Saboda gidan toshe na ƙarshe - ko da lokacin da aka kimanta shi don wani matakin kariya na shiga - yana ba da damar ƙananan tururin danshi ya shiga cikin lokaci ta hanyar yaɗuwa da tasirin numfashi wanda ke haifar da zagayowar zafin jiki, danshi da ya tara a cikin toshe na ƙarshe yana haifar da yanayin lalata galvanic a wuraren hulɗar lantarki.

Domin yanzu na goyi bayan ƙayyadaddun bulo na ƙarshe don ayyukan shigarwa na lantarki na yanayi na wurare masu zafi sama da 60 a faɗin Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya, Gabas ta Tsakiya, da Latin Amurka, tsarin gazawar bulo na ƙarshe da danshi ke haifarwa shine babban dalilin da yasa nake fuskanta - kuma shine mafi yawan gyara. Saboda daidaitaccen ƙayyadaddun bayanai (bulo na ƙarshe da aka rufe da IP67 tare da ingantaccen hatimin waya) da kuma aikin shigarwa daidai (shigar kebul da aka rufe, magudanar ruwa mai kyau) tare suna kawar da tsarin shigar da danshi, matsalar ƙayyadaddun shigarwa na wurare masu zafi za a iya warware ta - amma sai idan ƙayyadaddun bayanai da aikin shigarwa sun magance tushen matsalar maimakon kawai magance alamar ta hanyar maye gurbin tubalan ƙarshe da suka gaza da na'urori iri ɗaya waɗanda ba a rufe ba.

Tsarin Lantarki na Tsatsa Mai Haɗawa da Danshi

Tsatsar galvanic da ke haifar da lalacewar toshewar ƙarshe a cikin yanayin wurare masu zafi yana faruwa ne ta hanyar hulɗar lantarki tsakanin ƙarfe daban-daban a gaban wani electrolyte - a wannan yanayin, siririn fim ɗin ruwa wanda ke taruwa a saman ciki na ginin toshewar ƙarshe. Saboda wurin tuntuɓar toshewar ƙarshe ya ƙunshi mai sarrafa waya ta tagulla ko tagulla da kuma maɓuɓɓugar ƙarfe ko sukurori, ƙarfe biyu daban-daban a gaban danshi suna ƙirƙirar ƙwayar lalata galvanic wanda ke sa ƙarfe mai amsawa (yawanci ƙarfe mai ɗauke da zinc) ya lalace sosai a mahaɗin hulɗa.

Samfurin tsatsa da ke samuwa a hanyar sadarwa ta waya zuwa ga lamba yawanci shine zinc oxide ko zinc hydroxide don hulɗar ƙarfe da aka yi da zinc, da kuma jan ƙarfe oxide ko jan ƙarfe chloride don masu gudanar da wayar jan ƙarfe. Saboda waɗannan samfuran tsatsa ba su da kyau ga masu gudanar da wutar lantarki kuma ba sa aiki da wutar lantarki, tarinsu a hanyar sadarwa yana ƙara juriyar hulɗa a hankali. Saboda ƙaruwar juriyar hulɗa yana haifar da zafi bisa ga alaƙar Power = Current² × Resistance, dumama a wurin hulɗa yana hanzarta ƙimar tsatsa yayin da a lokaci guda ke lalata mai gudanar da wayar da kuma hanyar maɓuɓɓugar ƙarshe ko sukurori.

Muhimmin matakin juriya ga taɓawa ga ɓullar zafi - inda zafin da aka samar a wurin haɗuwa ya wuce ƙarfin watsa zafi na toshewar ƙarshe - yawanci yana cikin kewayon milliohms 100-500 a matakan yanzu da aka saba amfani da su a gina da'irori na lantarki (amps 10-32). Saboda na auna juriyar hulɗa na milliohms 50-200 a cikin tubalan ƙarshe waɗanda aka yi aiki na tsawon watanni 12-18 a cikin yanayin zafi na bakin teku, ƙaruwar juriyar hulɗa daga tsatsa yana nufin cewa tubalan ƙarshe a cikin waɗannan muhalli koyaushe suna kusantar matakin gudu na zafi - kuma duk wani ƙarin abu da ke ƙara yawan nauyin kaya kaɗan ko kuma rage raguwar zafi kaɗan (kamar ƙaruwar zafin jiki a lokacin zafi) na iya haifar da matsalar gazawar zafi.

Takamaiman Matsayin Kariyar Shiga (IP) don Tubalan Tashoshin Wurare Masu Yawa

Tsarin ƙimar Kariyar Shiga (IP), wanda aka ayyana a cikin IEC 60529, yana ƙayyade matakin kariya da aka bayar ta hanyar amfani da na'urorin lantarki daga kutsewar abubuwa masu ƙarfi da danshi. Saboda ƙimar IP tana ƙayyade juriyar toshewar tashar ga shigar da danshi a ƙarƙashin takamaiman yanayin gwaji, zaɓin ƙimar IP mai dacewa don yanayin wurare masu zafi yana buƙatar daidaita ƙimar zuwa takamaiman yanayin shigarwa maimakon amfani da takamaiman takamaiman yanayin wurare masu zafi.

Ga shigarwar lantarki na wurare masu zafi na waje inda tubalan ƙarshen ke fuskantar ruwan sama kai tsaye, danshi da iska ke hura, da kuma nutsewa na ɗan lokaci a cikin ruwa (kamar a cikin ramukan bututun ruwa da ke ambaliya a lokacin ruwan sama mai ƙarfi), na ƙayyade tubalan ƙarshe tare da mafi ƙarancin ƙimar IP67. Saboda IP67 ya ƙayyade kariya daga shigar ƙura (ba ta da ƙura) da kariya daga tasirin nutsewa na ruwa na ɗan lokaci (har zuwa mita 1 na ruwa na tsawon mintuna 30), wannan ƙimar ta rufe yanayin fallasa danshi mai tsanani da ke faruwa a cikin shigarwar wurare masu zafi na waje. Saboda tubalan ƙarshe masu ƙimar IP67 suna amfani da gaskets na rufe silicone da ƙirar gidaje masu rufewa don cimma ƙimar, suna kashe kusan sau 2-3 fiye da tubalan ƙarshe na IP20 na yau da kullun - amma ƙimar farashi ta barata ta hanyar kawar da gazawar lalata da danshi ke haifarwa.

Ga wuraren da aka rufe amma ba a rufe su ba na wutar lantarki na wurare masu zafi — kamar wuraren da aka rufe a waje waɗanda ke ba da kariya daga inuwa da ruwan sama amma ba a rufe su daga danshi ko danshi da iska ke tura su ba — na ƙayyade mafi ƙarancin ƙimar IP65. Saboda IP65 ya ƙayyade kariya daga ƙura da kariya daga feshi daga ruwa daga kowace hanya, yana rufe fallasar danshi daga ruwan sama da iska ke fitarwa da kuma danshi da ke faruwa a wuraren da aka rufe amma ba a rufe su ba. Saboda ana iya cimma ƙimar IP65 tare da ƙirar hatimi mai rahusa fiye da IP67, ƙayyadaddun IP65 ya fi inganci ga shigarwa inda nutsewa na ɗan lokaci ba yanayin fallasa na gaske bane.

Tsarin Tashar Matsewar bazara da Tsarin Matsewar Matsewa don Muhalli na wurare masu zafi

Tsarin toshewar maƙallin maɓuɓɓugar ruwa - wanda ke amfani da hanyar maɓuɓɓugar ruwa don kiyaye matsin lamba a kan wayar da aka saka - ya zama babban ƙirar toshewar ta ƙarshe a cikin shigarwar lantarki ta zamani saboda saurin haɗinsa (ba a buƙatar daidaita sukudireba) da kuma riƙe waya ba tare da kulawa ba. Duk da haka, ga shigarwar waje na wurare masu zafi inda shigar da danshi shine babban hanyar gazawar, ƙirar maƙallin maɓuɓɓugar ruwa tana da rauni mai mahimmanci: tsarin maɓuɓɓugar ruwa yana haifar da gibi a wurin shigar waya wanda ke ba da damar danshi ya shiga jikin ƙarshe ta hanyar aikin capillary tare da mai jagoran waya.

Tashar danshi ta capillary a cikin tashoshin manne na bazara tana faruwa ne saboda rufin waya da ke shiga toshewar ƙarshe ba a rufe shi ta hanyar injiniya ba a wurin da yake fita daga gidan. Saboda tsarin mannewar bazara yana buƙatar rami don ba da damar saka waya da riƙewa, kuma saboda ƙarfin mannewar yana kula da wayar yayin da take hulɗa da gibin shiga, danshi da ke isa saman wayar waje za a iya jawo shi cikin gidan ƙarshe ta hanyar aikin mannewar tsakiya tare da haɗin gwiwa tsakanin rufin waya da tsarin mannewar bazara. Saboda wannan hanyar shigar da danshi tana da alaƙa da ƙirar mannewar bazara kuma ba za a iya kawar da ita gaba ɗaya ba tare da lalata aikin mannewar bazara ba, ban ba da shawarar tashoshin mannewar bazara don shigarwa na waje na wurare masu zafi inda shigar da danshi shine babban ƙalubalen muhalli ba.

Tsarin tashar maƙallin sukurori - wanda ke amfani da sukurori don shafa matsin lamba kai tsaye ga mai sarrafa waya - yana ba da ingantaccen tsarin rufe danshi a wurin shigar waya lokacin da aka kunna ta yadda ya kamata. Saboda maƙallin sukurori yana shafa matsin lamba kai tsaye ga mai sarrafa waya (bayan cire rufin), kuma saboda haɗin matsi tsakanin waya da kan sukurori yana ƙirƙirar haɗin da ba ya toshe iskar gas lokacin da aka kunna ta yadda ya kamata, haɗin maƙallin sukurori ba ya ƙirƙirar tashar capillary a wurin shigar waya. Saboda tashar maƙallin sukurori kuma tana ba da damar tabbatar da zurfin shigar waya da ingancin haɗin, yana ba da ƙarin tabbacin ingancin shigarwa wanda yake da mahimmanci a cikin yanayin zafi inda samun damar kulawa ke da wahala.

Bayanin Hatimin Kebul don Shigar da Bulogin Tashar Waje ta Yankuna Masu Yawa

Bayanin rufe kebul shine muhimmin aikin shigarwa wanda ke tantance ko toshewar tashar IP ta cimma kariyar danshi a cikin yanayin waje na wurare masu zafi. Saboda kebul ɗin da ke shiga toshewar tashar yana ba da hanyar shiga danshi idan hatimin kebul ɗin bai cika ba - musamman a cikin sauyawa daga jaket ɗin kebul na waje (wanda yawanci yake cikakke kuma ba ya shiga danshi) zuwa jagorar da aka cire a cikin tashar - dole ne a rufe wurin shigar kebul ta amfani da hanyoyin da ke kawar da hanyar haɗin danshi a wannan canjin.

Hanyar hatimin silicone ita ce hanya mafi inganci ta hatimin kebul don shigar da tubalan waje na wurare masu zafi. Saboda takalmin silicone yana ba da rufin da aka rufe mai sassauƙa, mai mannewa a kan sauyawa tsakanin jaket ɗin kebul da gidan tubalan ƙarshe, yana cike duk wani gibi a wurin shiga kuma yana kiyaye aikin hatiminsa a duk lokacin zagayowar zafin jiki da yanayin fallasa UV da aka fuskanta a yanayin waje na wurare masu zafi. Saboda silicone yana kiyaye sassaucinsa da mannewa a kan yanayin zafin jiki na -60C zuwa +200C, ba ya taurare ko fashewa a lokacin zagayowar zafin jiki da ke faruwa a yanayin waje na wurare masu zafi.

Bututun rage zafi tare da hanyar rufe ciki mai mannewa yana ba da wata hanyar rufewa ta daban wacce ta dace da tubalan ƙarshe tare da shigarwar kebul mai zagaye. Saboda bututun rage zafi yana raguwa sosai a kusa da kebul kuma rufin manne yana gudana don cike duk wani gurɓataccen wuri a mahaɗin gidan kebul, yana haifar da sauyawa mai rufe da danshi wanda yake da ƙarfi ta hanyar injiniya kuma yana hana wuta. Saboda hanyar rage zafi tana buƙatar tushen zafi (bindigar iska mai zafi ko tocila) yayin shigarwa kuma ba a iya duba ta cikin sauƙi kamar hanyar boot ɗin silicone ba, ina fifita hanyar boot ɗin silicone don aikace-aikacen waje na wurare masu zafi inda tabbatar da ingancin shigarwa yake da wahala.

Tambayoyin da Ake Yawan Yi

Me yasa tubalan tashoshi na yau da kullun ke lalacewa da wuri a cikin shigarwar wutar lantarki a yanayin zafi?
Shigar da bututun ruwa na wurare masu zafi a gabar teku na fuskantar raguwar toshewar bututun mai da kashi 15-25% cikin watanni 18 (idan aka kwatanta da ƙasa da kashi 2% mai zafi) saboda tsatsa ta galvanic a wuraren da waya ke haɗuwa da juna daga danshi mai danshi da ya kai kashi 80%+. Tsatsa tana ƙara juriyar hulɗa, tana haifar da zafi, kuma daga ƙarshe tana haifar da katsewar da'ira. Tubalan tashar da aka rufe da IP67 tare da ingantaccen hatimin waya dole ne.

Wane takamaiman ƙimar IP ya shafi tubalan tashar don shigarwar lantarki na waje na wurare masu zafi?
Shigarwa a waje a wurare masu zafi yana buƙatar aƙalla IP67 (mai ƙura, nutsewa cikin ruwa na ɗan lokaci) da kuma mafi ƙarancin IP65 (mai ƙura, feshi daga kowace hanya) don shigarwar da aka rufe amma ba a rufe ba. Matsayin IP ƙasa da IP65 yana ba da damar shiga danshi wanda ke haifar da lalacewar tsatsa cikin watanni 12-24.

Ta yaya tsarin matsewar bazara da sikirin ke shafar juriyar danshi a muhallin wurare masu zafi?
Tashoshin maƙallan bazara suna ƙirƙirar hanyoyin danshi na capillary a wurin shiga waya wanda ba za a iya kawar da shi gaba ɗaya ba. Tashoshin maƙallan sukurori tare da haɗin matsewa mai rufewa suna kawar da wannan hanyar. A ƙayyade tashoshin maƙallan sukurori don aikace-aikacen waje na wurare masu zafi inda shigar danshi shine babban hanyar gazawar.

Wane tsari da kuma takamaiman bayani game da waya da ya shafi wayoyi masu bulo na waje na wurare masu zafi?
Shigar da kebul da aka rufe ta amfani da takalman rufewa na silicone ko bututun manne mai rage zafi a wurin shigar waya ta toshewa yana kawar da hanyar danshi. Sauyawa daga jaket ɗin kebul da aka rufe zuwa na'urar jagoranci da aka cire a cikin tashar shine babban wurin shigar danshi idan hatimin bai yi daidai ba.

Ta yaya Ningbo J-Guang Electronics ke tallafawa ƙayyadaddun toshewar tashar shigarwa ta wurare masu zafi?
J-Guang yana samar da tubalan tashar jirgin ƙasa ta DIN mai ƙimar IP65-IP67 tare da dacewa da takalmin rufewa na silicone don shigarwar wutar lantarki ta waje da ta bakin teku. Ana samun shawarwari na musamman don aikace-aikace don zaɓar tubalan tashar, hanyoyin rufe waya, da kuma aikin shigarwa don tsarin wutar lantarki na muhallin wurare masu zafi.

Hanyoyin haɗi na ciki: J-Guang PCT-211 DIN Rail Tura-in Waya Tashar Toshewa | Kasidar Kayayyakin Lantarki na J-Guang

Hanyoyin haɗi na waje: Hukumar Kula da Makamashi ta Duniya (IEC) | ISO | A'A | UL | Hukumar Kula da Ingancin Inganci ta Duniya (IEA) | EPRI

Game da Marubucin

Ningbo J-Guang Electronics Co., Ltd. ƙwararriyar masana'anta ce ta kera kayan haɗin lantarki, waɗanda suka haɗa da tubalan tashar jirgin ƙasa ta DIN, tashoshin PCB, da masu haɗin lantarki don shigarwar lantarki ta masana'antu da kasuwanci. Tare da ƙwarewa mai zurfi wajen samar da kayan lantarki ga shigarwar yanayi mai zafi a duk faɗin Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya, Gabas ta Tsakiya, da Latin Amurka, J-Guang Electronics tana tallafawa 'yan kwangilar lantarki da masu siyan masana'antu tare da zaɓin toshewar tashoshi na musamman don yanayin zafi mai yawa da na waje.