1. Whakarāpopototanga Matua: Te Utu Huna o te Rahunga o te Hononga
Mō ngā kaihanga papatohu whakahaere ahumahi, ngā kaiwhakauru pūnaha aunoa, me ngā whatunga tohatoha hiko, whakangāwari o te tīwiri poraka tauranga ehara i te mea he take tiaki noa iho—he tino take nui tēnei mō te rahunga o te pūnaha whakahaere. Ko tēnei āhuatanga te take matua o te wā whakatā kore i whakaritea, ngā waehere hapa PLC phantom, me te taha morearea o ngā ara iahiko haumaru. Ko te pumau o te hononga hiko e whakawhirinaki katoa ana ki te kaha piri tonu i te roanga o te roanga o te taputapu.
Ko te whakangāwari o te taipana tīwiri i roto i ngā poraka pito o te whare-piki ka puta i te nuinga o te wā ina heke te kaha piri neke atu i te 20% mai i te kaha tīmatanga a te kaihanga. 0.8–1.2 N·m whakatakotoranga. Ina puta tēnei pirau ā-mīhini, ka puta te ngoki o te ara iahiko. Nō reira, ka piki tere te ātete pa mai i te 10 mΩ morearea. Ka puta i tēnei ātete te wera ā-rohe (ngā ngaronga I²R) e tere ai te whakanui ake i te pāmahana pito ki tua atu i te 105°C, ka tino whakaiti i te whakamarumaru e karapoti ana.
Ka taea e te poraka pito kotahi kua wera rawa i roto i te pokapū whakahaere motuka 480 V te whakaoho i tētahi hapa pewa kino, ka whakangaro i ngā wāhanga tairongo tata, ka whakaoho i ngā aituā pewa NFPA 70E me te kaha aituā neke atu i te 8 cal/cm². Hei whakaiti i ēnei mōrearea, he mea nui te whakatinana i tētahi anga arotake pono hiko pakari. Ka aro nui tēnei anga ki ngā tawhā here, rauemi, me te whakahaere wera e wehewehe ana i ngā poraka pito tūturu o te taumata ahumahi mai i ngā hononga taonga o te taumata kaihoko.
Hei umanga ārahi kua whakamanahia i raro i te ISO 9001:2008, tō mātou Whārangi Kāinga o te Kamupene (ISO9001:2008, SGS, UL, 2010) e whakamārama ana i tā mātou whakapau kaha ki ēnei paerewa pakari. E toru ngā pou matua o te arotake e whakatau ana mēnā he tika te kaihanga hei kaiwhakarato taumata-ahumahi:
- Te Pupuri Taipana o te Wiri Poraka Whakamutunga me te Pūmautanga o te Kaha Whakapiri: Ko te turanga hangarau-ā-ringa o ngā hononga ātete-iti.
- Te pakeke o ngā rauemi o te whare pupuri ara me te ātete ki te ngoki o te kaiārahi: Te tawhā whakarewa e ārai ana i te pirau o te kaha piri i roto i te wā.
- Te Taupū Mahana me te Pakaritanga o te Huringa Wera: Ko te tawhā wera e ārai ana i te hapa pewa i raro i te kawenga hiko taimaha.
2. Te Ruku Hōhonu Hangarau me te Hangarau Rauemi
2.1 Te Pupuri Taipana me te Pūmautanga o te Kaha Whakapiri
Ngā poraka whakamutunga o te whare-piki, pērā i ērā e whakaatuhia ana i roto i tā mātou kaupapa whānui Raina Hua Poraka Whakamutunga (Whiri / Kore-Whiri / Mono / Reriwe DIN), whakamahia he whare herehere tīwiri-ā-ringa kua hangaia kia tino matotoru (he parahi te nuinga, C36000, H58) e piri tika ana te ara iahiko ki tētahi pae iahiko whakakikoruatia ki te tine. He tukanga tinihanga te whakangāwari taipana e puta ana i raro i ngā āhuatanga matua e toru:
- Te waku i puta mai i te waikura: Ka piki ake te tauwehenga waku o te miro tīwiri nā te moroiti-waikura i roto i te wā (μ > 0.25 vs. te tīmatanga 0.15), ko te tikanga kāore te taipana i whakamahia e huri hei kaha kume.
- Te Ngoki Pūmau o te Arataki: Ka rerekē te āhua o ngā kaiārahi hiko i raro i te pēhanga mau tonu. Hei tauira, ka taea e ngā kaiārahi hiko konumohe te neke haere i te 0.1 mm/tau i te pēhanga 20 N/mm².
- Ngā Rerekētanga Whānuitanga Wera: Nā te huringa wera tonu (te nekehanga o ia rā mai i te 20°C ki te 60°C i roto i ngā panera ahumahi kua kati) ka rerekē te whānui i waenga i te parahi (α = 19×10⁻⁶ /°C) me te parahi (α = 17×10⁻⁶ /°C), ka āta whakamuri te tīwiri ki waho.
Hei ārai i tēnei, ka whakamahia e ā mātou poraka taunga kounga teitei ngā tīwiri maitai whakakikoruatia ki te nikara (M3, HRS, taipana 0.8–1.2 N·m) he mea hono ki ngā horoi niho motuhake (DIN 6798, matotoru 0.5 mm). Ka ngau ā-tinana ēnei horoi ki te mata o te ara iahiko, ka mahi hei puna hihiri e pupuri ana i te kaha kume ≥ 80% o tōna uara tīmatanga ahakoa i muri i te 1,000 huringa wera nui (−40°C ki te +105°C). Nō reira, ka mau tonu te ātete pa ki te
- Tonoa he whakamātautau pupuri taipana (1,000 huringa wera, −40°C ki te +105°C, kaha kume ≥ 80% o te tīmatanga).
- Manatokohia te ātete whakapā (
- Whakaūtia te rauemi tīwiri me te whakakikorua (HRS, whakakikoruatia ki te nikara ≥ 3 μm, whakamanahia mā te XRF).
- Whakamanahia te whakatakotoranga o te horoi niho (DIN 6798, 0.5 mm, maitai puna 65Mn, HRC 40–45).
2.2 Te Pakari o ngā Rauemi o te Whare Piki me te Ātete ki te Ngoki
Ko te hanganga whakarewa o te whare herehere e ara ake ana te toa ngaro o te roa o te hiko. Me ātete te whare herehere (ko te tikanga he parahi C36000, he pakeke HV 80–100) ki te whakarerekētanga tinana kino i raro i ngā pēhanga piri e neke atu ana i te 100 MPa. Ina whakaitihia e ngā kaihanga ngā utu mā te whakamahi i ngā whare herehere ngohengohe (HV
Hei hinonga ārahi i roto i ngā Ngā Kaihanga Poraka Whakamutunga o Haina, Ngā Kaiwhakarato | J-GUANG, e whakahau ana tā mātou huarahi hangarau kia whakamahia te parahi whakapūmau (C37700, HV 110–130)Mā te whakapakeketanga mahi mai i te hanga matao (e tutuki ai te whakaiti hanganga 15%), ka tutuki i ā mātou wāhanga te pupuri kaha whakapiri o te ≥ 90% i muri i te 500 huringa taipana kaha. Hei tāpiri, ka whakamahia e te pae o nāianei te parahi whakakikoruatia ki te tine (C11000, 2 μm Sn) e tutuki ana i ngā paerewa whakapūmau pakari mō ia IPC/J-STD-002, e tāpirihia ana e te paparanga hiriwa-mura (0.1 μm Ag) hei whakarato i te ātete whanariki tino kaha i roto i ngā taiao uaua.
Kawa Arotake Rauemi Whareherehere
- Tonoa ngā raraunga pakeke o te whare herehere (HV 110–130, tauine Vickers, tauira puranga 5%).
- Manatokohia te pupuri i te kaha o te kume (500 huringa taipana, ≥ 90% o te kaha tīmatanga, mā te whakamahi i ngā taputapu whakamātautau aunoa).
- Whakaūtia te matotoru o te whakakikorua o te pae-au (Sn ≥ 2 μm, Ag 0.1 μm, whakamātautau XRF, tauira 5%).
- Whakamanahia te āheinga honohono (IPC/J-STD-002, Kāwai 3, kia kore ai e makuku).
PCB me te Whakaurunga Hononga
Ko te whakarite kia nui ake te pakeke o ngā rauemi i tua atu i ngā poraka pito. Mō te whakaurunga taumata-papa whānui, ko tā mātou Raina Hua Hononga (Pin Header / Header Wahine / IDC / PCB) e piri ana ki ngā paerewa whakarewa whakarara, e whakapūmau ana ka noho pumau tonu ngā raraunga kiato teitei me ngā tuku hiko i raro i ngā ahotea ā-pūkaha me te wera ōrite.
2.3 Te Taupū Mahana Pakari me te Āraitanga o te Huringa Wera
Ko te pono o te mahi hiko ko te whakamarumaru e karapoti ana i a ia. Me tu tonu te whakamarumaru poraka pito ki te huringa wera tonu, me te kore e taka ki te pakaru iti, ki te whai hiko rānei. Ko te paerewa ahumahi e hiahia ana ki ngā rauemi pēnei i te PA66 e tutuki ana i ngā paerewa pakari. Ārai Mura UL 94 V-0 whakaritenga me te whakamana i te Waea Hiko IEC 60695-2-12 whakamātautau i te 850°C.
Ko te Taupū Wera (TI) mō ia UL 746B e tino hiahiatia ana kia ora te rauemi mō ngā hāora 50,000 i tōna pāmahana kua whakatauria (105°C mō te paerewa PA66) me te pupuri i te iti rawa 50% o tōna kaha kume taketake. Hei hipa i ēnei paerewa, kua werohia ā mātou whare motuhake ki PA66-GF25 (whakapakari muka karāhe 25%). Ka ara ake te Pāmahana Whakarere Wera (HDT) ki te 240°C whakamiharo i te 1.8 MPa. Kua whakauruhia ki ngā ārai mura phosphorous e pai ana mō te taiao, ka tutuki i te whare matotoru 0.8 mm te TI 105°C me te ātete aroturuki mōrahi o CTI 600 (PLC 0). Kua manatokohia motuhake te ātete pewa kia ≥ 120 hēkona e ai ki ASTM D495 Ātete Āwhata ngā paerewa.
Kawa Arotake Wera me te Whakatutukitanga Ao Whānui
- Tonoa he whakamātautau taupū wera (UL 746B, 105°C, 50,000 hāora, pupuri kume ≥ 50%).
- Manatokohia ngā hua o te whakamātautau waea mura (IEC 60695-2-12, 850°C, 30 hēkona, kore rawa he mura).
- Whakaūtia te Tāurangi Aroturuki Whakataurite (CTI ≥ 600 V, PLC 0, IEC 60112 puta noa i ngā tauira e 5).
- Whakamanahia ngā āheinga ātete pewa (≥ 120 s, ASTM D495, 3 tauira).
3. Anga Whakahaere Rauemi me te Kounga
Me huri ngā tīma hoko mai i te hoko e ahu mai ana i ngā taonga ki te hoko e ahu mai ana i te pono. Whakamanahia ngā tawhā matua e whai ake nei i mua i te whakaoti i tētahi kirimana hoko kia mōhio ai kei te tiakina tō mekameka tuku mai i ngā hapa o mua o te mara:
(a) Te Pupuri i te Taipana Tīwiri
Me tu atu ki te 1,000 huringa wera me te kaha piri e toe ana ≥ 80%, me te ātete pa he iti rawa te 0.5 mΩ.
(b) Te Mārō o te Rauemi o te Whare Kerei
Me whai whakatauranga HV 110–130. Me tu atu ki ngā huringa taipana 500, me te pupuri tonu i te kaha kume ≥ 90%.
(c) Te Pumautanga o te Wera
Me whai UL 746B TI 105°C, me whakamātautau waea kanapa i te 850°C, me te whakatauranga CTI 600, me te ātete pewa ≥ 120 s.
(d) Ngā Whakatutukitanga Ture me te Whakatakotoranga
Me whai tiwhikete UL 94 V-0, RoHS, REACH, CE, CQC, me te whānuitanga UL. Me Sn ≥ 2 μm te whakakikorua o te Pae-Auhiko, me Ag 0.1 μm me te āheinga honohono Kāwai 3.