TL;DR: I-EN 13356 ichaza ukusebenza okuncane kokubuyiselwa emuva kwezibonisi zokuphepha zabahamba ngezinyawo ezingasebenzi kahle ezigqokwa emzimbeni. IFinland ngokomthetho idinga abahamba ngezinyawo ukuba bagqoke izibonisi zokuphepha emigwaqweni engenazibani; iSweden, iNorway, neDenmark bakulindele kakhulu lokho. Abathengisi baseNordic bazokwenqaba umkhiqizo ongaqinisekisiwe. Izibonisi zokuphepha ezenziwe ngokwezifiso ezibunjwe ngohlobo oluthile zingafinyelela ukuhambisana ne-EN 13356 uma nje ishidi elikhanyayo lihlangabezana nemingcele ye-coefficient-of-retroreflection ejwayelekile kanye nokuhlolwa kokuqina. Imikhiqizo engena ezimakethe zaseScandinavia kufanele iqale ukuthola izibonisi zokuphepha emavikini ayi-12 ngaphambi kosuku lokuthunyelwa futhi igcizelele emibhalweni yokuhambisana nemithetho evivinywe elebhu. Hlola ikhathalogi ye-reflector ye-OEM ye-NBjge ngezinketho eziqinisekisiwe nezingenziwa ngezifiso.
1. Inkinga Yokubonakala KwaseNordic: Ubumnyama, Ukunyakaza, kanye Nesikhathi Sokusabela Kwabashayeli
Ubusika baseScandinavia obuphezulu buveza amafasitela obumnyama nsuku zonke agwinya amahora amaningi okugijima ngemva komsebenzi. E-Stockholm, ukushona kwelanga kuphela ngaphambi kuka-3:00 ntambama nge-solstice yasebusika. E-Tromso, ubusuku obuphakathi buhlala amasonto amaningi. Abagijimi abathembele emini ukuze babonakale babhekene nokungafani kwesakhiwo phakathi kwesimiso sabo sokuqeqesha nokukhanya okutholakalayo.
Ngakho-ke, ukuklama izingubo zokugijima kulezi zimakethe akuhlukaniseki nobunjiniyela bokubonakala. Ijazi elisebenza kahle kakhulu emhubheni womoya kodwa linyamalale ngaphansi kwezibani zemoto lihluleka ukusetshenziswa okuyisisekelo kakhulu kumakhasimende alo aqondiwe. Inselele yokuklama akukhona nje ukwengeza itheyiphu ekhanyayo -- iwukuhlanganisa izinto eziqinisekisiwe zokubuyisa emuva ezisinda ebunzimeni bokuqeqeshwa kwasebusika kwaseNordic: amazinga okushisa angaphansi kwezinga-zero, iqhwa elimanzi, amakristalu eqhwa ahlabayo, kanye nokuwasha izingubo okuphindaphindiwe. Yilapho indinganiso ye-EN 13356 iba khona ireferensi eqondile yamaqembu omkhiqizo.
Amazwe aseNordic ahlala ephakathi kwamazwe agijima kakhulu emhlabeni ngomuntu ngamunye. IFinland, iSweden, neNorway ndawonye banikeza izigidi zabagijimi bokuzilibazisa abaziqeqesha unyaka wonke. Laba bathengi bafundiswa ngobuchwepheshe bokuzilibazisa -- abaningi bakhule begqoka izibonisi zokuphepha komuntu siqu beseyizingane futhi bayaqhubeka nalo mkhuba sebekhulile. Bayawubona umehluko phakathi kwesibonisi sangempela se-EN 13356 kanye nombhalo wensimbi ohlotshisiwe okhanya ngaphansi kwezithombe ze-flash kodwa onikeza ukubukwa okungabonakali ngaphansi kwe-geometry yangempela yezibani zekhanda.
Izibani zemoto zikhanyisa umgwaqo cishe ngamamitha angu-60-100 ngaphambili ngaphansi kwezimo eziphansi. Ngesivinini esingamakhilomitha angu-70 ngehora, umshayeli udinga cishe amamitha angu-35 ukuze ame. Umuntu ohamba ngezinyawo ogqoke izingubo zemidlalo ezimnyama ubonakala cishe ngamamitha angu-25-30 -- eduze kakhulu ne-braking envelope. I-reflector eyodwa yokuphepha kwabahamba ngezinyawo yelula lelo banga lokuthola lifike kumamitha angu-150 noma ngaphezulu, okunikeza umshayeli isikhathi esengeziwe sokusabela ngemizuzwana eyisikhombisa.
Kumabhrendi emishini yokugijima, lokhu akuyona into engabalulekanga kangako. Kuyisidingo sokuphepha komkhiqizo esithinta ngqo ukuthi ikhasimende liyasinda yini ekuqeqeshweni kwasebusika. Abathengi baseNordic bayakuqonda lokhu ngokwemvelo, futhi balindele ukuthi izingubo zabo zibhekane nakho.
2. Lokho Okucaciswa Yi-EN 13356 Empeleni
I-EN 13356 kuyindinganiso evumelanisiwe yaseYurophu enesihloko esithi "Izingubo zokuzivikela -- Izesekeli ezibonakalayo zokusetshenziswa okungeyona eyobungcweti -- Izindlela zokuhlola nezidingo." Isebenza kumadivayisi angenawo amandla, avuselelayo ahloselwe ukugqokwa ngabahamba ngezinyawo, abagibela amabhayisikili, kanye nabanye abasebenzisi bomgwaqo abasengozini.
Indinganiso ichaza ukusebenza ngezigaba ezintathu:
- I-retroreflection coefficient (RA): Kulinganiswa nge-cd/lux·m² ekubonweni okuchaziwe kanye nama-engeli okungena. Ishidi elimhlophe noma lesiliva kumele lifinyelele amanani e-RA ngokuvamile angaphezu kuka-300 cd/lux·m² ekubonweni okungu-0.2° / i-geometry ye-engeli yokungena engu-5°. Izinto ezinombala zinemingcele ephansi ngokulingana kodwa ezisabhalwe phansi.
- Izidingo ze-colorimetric: Ama-Chromaticity coordinates aqinisekisa ukuthi ukukhanya okubonakalayo kubonakala kumhlophe, kuphuzi, noma kubomvu-orenji -- imibala ebonakala kakhulu ohlelweni lokubona lomuntu ngaphansi kwezimo ze-scotopic kanye ne-mesopic.
- Ukuqina: Ama-reflector kumele agcine amanani amancane e-RA ngemuva kokuchayeka ekukhuculukeni, ukujikeleza kwezinga lokushisa phakathi kuka-20°C no-+50°C, kanye nemvula elingisiwe. Lesi yisigaba esibaluleke kakhulu ngezingubo zokugijima zasebusika zaseNordic, lapho ama-reflector ebekezelela ukugoba okuphindaphindiwe, ukuthintana nokujuluka, ukukhubeka kweqhwa, kanye nokugcinwa okungaphansi kwezinga.
Imikhiqizo edlula zonke izigaba ezintathu ithola ilungelo lokuthwala uphawu lwe-EN 13356 kanye nesithombe esijwayelekile sikanxantathu esibukeza emuva. Ngaphandle kwaso, isibukisi siyinto yokuhlobisa nje -- sikhanya ngokubonakalayo ezimweni ezilawulwayo kodwa esingakaqinisekiswa ngaphansi kwezimo ezibalulekile zokuphepha emhlabeni wangempela.
Okubalulekile, i-EN 13356 ihlola ukuhlanganiswa kwesibuko esiqediwe, hhayi nje izinto zokufaka ishidi ezingavuthiwe. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukusekela okunamathelayo, ukuvala umphetho, ukumbozwa okuvikelayo, kanye nesisekelo lapho isibuko sisetshenziswa khona konke kuthinta ukuthi umkhiqizo wokugcina uyadlula yini. Umkhiqizo awukwazi ukuthembela kushidi ledatha lezinto ezibonakalayo kuphela; kumele uthole imibiko yokuhlola yokucushwa komkhiqizo othize ozothunyelwa engutsheni.
3. Umthetho waseFinland kanye nokulindela kwemakethe ebanzi yaseNordic
UMthetho Wezomgwaqo waseFinland (iTieliikennellaki, Isigaba 69) uyala ukuthi abahamba ngezinyawo abahamba emigwaqweni ngaphandle kokukhanya komgwaqo phakathi kokushona kwelanga nokuphuma kwelanga kumele bagqoke i-reflector. Ukuphoqelelwa komthetho kuyiqiniso: amaphoyisa akhiphe imikhankaso yesiqondiso amashumi eminyaka, futhi abathengi baseFinland baphatha ama-reflector njengento ebalulekile, hhayi izinto zokuzikhethela. Ukungena kwamasiko kucishe kube yinto yonke -- kuvamile ukubona abahamba ngezinyawo baseFinland begqoke ama-reflector amaningi ngesikhathi esisodwa ezindaweni ezahlukene zomzimba.
ISweden, iNorway, neDenmark azibeki isibopho esisemthethweni kubantu abadala abahamba ngezinyawo, kodwa ukusebenza emakethe kuyafana. Abathengisi abakhulu bangaphandle nabasebenza eNordic -- okuhlanganisa i-Intersport Scandinavia, iStadium, iXXL, kanye nenethiwekhi yokusabalalisa yaseFinland yaseKarhu -- badinga ukulandelwa kwe-EN 13356 njengombandela wokubekwa eshalofini. Uhlobo olungena emakethe ngaphandle kwezibonisi eziqinisekisiwe lubhekana nokwenqatshwa ngokushesha ngabathengi abaziyo ukuthi amakhasimende abo alindele ubufakazi bokusebenza.
Lokhu kuguquguquka kudala umthetho ocacile wokuthenga: Uma izingubo zakho zokugijima zithunyelwa emakethe yaseNordic, yonke into ekhanyayo kumele ibe nesitifiketi se-EN 13356. Akuxoxiswana ngakho.
4. Indlela Ama-Reflector Asebenza Ngayo: Ubuchwepheshe be-Microprismatic vs. Glass Bead
Ubuchwepheshe obubili bokubuka emuva bubusa imakethe yokubonisa ukuphepha kwabahamba ngezinyawo:
Ukufakwa Kwezinhlayiya Zengilazi
Izimbulunga ezincane zengilazi (ngokuvamile ezingama-micron angu-40-90 ububanzi) zifakwe ungqimba lwe-polymer olusekelwe ngesembozo sesibuko sensimbi. Ukukhanya okungenayo kungena ku-bead ngayinye, kuyaphenduka kuye endaweni eqondile, kukhanye ekwembozweni kwangemuva, bese kubuya endleleni yesigameko. Ishidi le-glass bead liyasebenza kahle, liyaguquguquka, futhi litholakala kabanzi. Ubuchwepheshe obutholakala kakhulu kuma-tepi abonisa ukuthunga kanye ne-iron-on ezingubo.
Ubuchwepheshe be-glass bead busebenze embonini yezokuphepha amashumi eminyaka futhi buhlala buyinsika yokusebenza kwezimpawu zethrafikhi kanye nezingubo zokusebenza ezibonakala kakhulu. Nokho, ezingutsheni zokugijima, bunemikhawulo. Ingqimba yesibuko sensimbi yengeza ukuqina, futhi inhlanganisela ye-bead-matrix ikhulu ngeyunithi ngayinye yokusebenza kokubuyisa emuva. Uma uhlobo ludinga isibuko esincane, esiguquguqukayo, esihlanganisiwe nezingubo esivumelana nezindawo zomzimba ezigobile, ukubekwa kwe-glass bead sheet kuvame ukudinga izindawo ezinkulu zobuso ukuze kufezwe ukukhanya okufanayo nenye indlela ye-microprismatic.
Ukufakwa kwe-Microprismatic
Ama-prism e-cube-corner aklanywe kahle abunjwe abe yi-polycarbonate noma ifilimu ye-acrylic athola ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu kokubuyiselwa emuva endaweni ngayinye. Ama-reflector e-microprismatic anikeza amanani e-RA aphezulu ngokuphindwe kabili kuya kane kunezilinganiso ze-glass bead ngobukhulu obufanayo. Aphinde agcine ukusebenza kahle kuma-engeli abanzi okungena, okubaluleke kakhulu lapho umzimba womgijimi ujikeleza ngezindiza eziningi ngesikhathi sokuhamba.
Ngezinhlelo zokusebenza zegiya lokugijima laseNordic, ishidi le-microprismatic linikeza inzuzo enkulu: ukukhanya okuphezulu ku-thinner gauge kusho ukuthi izibonisi zingafakwa ezingutsheni ngaphandle kokwengeza ubukhulu noma ukuqina. Izimo ezenziwe ngokwezifiso zefilimu ye-microprismatic zigcina ukuguquguquka futhi zivumelana nezindawo ezigobile njengemikhono, amahlombe, kanye ne-calf wraps.
Kungani Ukukhetha Ubuchwepheshe Kubalulekile Ekuqinisekisweni
Akuwona wonke amashidi e-microprismatic adlula ngokuzenzakalelayo i-EN 13356. Izinga elijwayelekile lihlola ukuhlanganiswa kwesibuko esiqediwe -- kufaka phakathi i-glue backing, i-edge sealing, kanye nanoma yikuphi ukumbozwa okuvikelayo -- hhayi nje amashidi angavuthiwe. Imikhiqizo kumele iphikelele emibikweni yokuhlola yomkhiqizo ophelele, hhayi amashidi edatha ezinto ezibonakalayo kuphela.
5. Izibonisi Zesimo Esijwayelekile: Inkululeko Yokuklama Ngaphakathi Kwemingcele Yokuthobela Imithetho
Izinhlobo zezingubo ezigijimayo ziyahlukahluka ngombala, umbala, kanye nobunikazi bezithombe. Umugqa ojwayelekile wokubonisa unxande othungelwe kuphaneli yangemuva yejakethi ubonisa ukuphepha hhayi uhlobo. Izibonisi ezimise okwezifiso zixazulula lokhu kungezwani ngokuhlanganisa ukubonakaliswa kohlobo nokusebenza okuqinisekisiwe.
Izinqubo zesimanje zokusika ngodayi zingakhiqiza cishe noma yisiphi isimo esinezinhlangothi ezimbili kusukela kushidi eliqinisekisiwe le-EN 13356:
- Ama-logomark: Isithonjana somkhiqizo esivezwe ngezinto ezibonisa emuva, esifakwa esifubeni, ejokeni langemuva, noma esikhwameni.
- Izimpawu ze-geometri: Ama-chevron angular, izithunzi zezintaba, noma izimo ezingabonakali ezihambisana nolimi lomklamo womkhiqizo.
- Izinhlaka ezisebenzayo: Amapayipi akhanyayo alandela imigqa yomthungo, iteyipu ye-zipper, noma imingcele yamaphaneli okungenisa umoya.
- Imidwebo yabagijimi: Izimo ezifana nezithombe zomuntu ezisebenza kokubili njenge-motif yomkhiqizo kanye nesibonakaliso esibonakala kakhulu.
- Izimpawu zefulegi nezimpawu: Amaphethini esiphambano saseNordic, izakhi zefulegi likazwelonke, noma izithonjana eziqondene nezemidlalo (izinsika zokuskiya, izimpawu zomzila) ezithinta abathengi baseScandinavia.
- Umsebenzi wobuciko wesizini noma wohlobo olulinganiselwe: Izimo zokubonisa eziqoqekayo ezixhumene nemicimbi ethile efana noSuku Lokugijima Lasedolobheni laseHelsinki, i-Stockholm Marathon, noma i-Oslo Winter Run.
Amandla okudala adlulela ngale kwama-reflector patches azimele. Imikhiqizo ihlanganisa izinto ezibonisa ukukhanya ekwakhiweni kwezingubo ezijwayelekile -- ibeka izibonisi ezimise okwezifiso ezindaweni ezihlelekile ze-biomechanic lapho zibamba khona imisebe yezibani zekhanda ngempumelelo enkulu ngesikhathi somjikelezo wokugijima. Ithole langaphandle, ijoka elingemuva elingaphezulu, kanye namahlombe yizindawo ezintathu ezibonakala kakhulu kumgijimi ohambayo, njengoba lezi zindawo zibhekene nemoto esondelayo isikhathi eside kakhulu phakathi nesinyathelo ngasinye. Uhlelo olubonisa ukukhanya oluklanywe kahle lubeka izibonisi ezinkulu kulezi zindawo kanye nezibonisi ezincane ezibonisa ukukhanya emikhonweni nasemaphaneli aseceleni ukuze kudalwe isithunzi somuntu esibonakalayo kusuka kuwo wonke ama-engeli okusondela.
Umngcele wokuthobela imithetho ulula: indawo yonke yobuso obubuyela emuva kumele ihlangabezane nendawo ephumelelayo echazwe yi-EN 13356, futhi izinto zokubeka amashidi kumele zifinyelele ngokuzimela amanani e-RA adingekayo. Ilogo eqoshiwe ene-40 cm² yobuso obuqinisekisiwe be-microprismatic isebenza ngendlela efanayo nonxande ongu-40 cm² wento efanayo -- i-geometry ayiwohlozi ukubuya emuva uma nje ama-prism ehlala elungile phakathi nenqubo yokusika.
Ngakho-ke ikhwalithi yomphetho ngesikhathi sokusika idayi iyinto ebalulekile ekukhiqizeni. Ukusika nge-laser kanye nokusika nge-steel-rule kokubili kukhiqiza imiphetho ehlanzekile engahlukanisi noma ekhazimulisa isakhiwo se-prism. Umugqa wokukhiqiza we-NBjge isebenzisa ama-die e-steel-rule aqondile alungiselelwe amafilimu e-microprismatic, okuqinisekisa ukuthi izimo ezenziwe ngokwezifiso zigcina ukusebenza okuqinisekisiwe kusukela kusihloko sokuqala kuya ekuthunyelweni kokugcina.
6. Uhlu Lokuhlola Lwezincazelo ze-OEM Zemikhiqizo Yegiya Lokugijima
Lapho kutholakala izibonisi ezihambisana ne-EN 13356 zeqoqo lokugijima ebusika laseNordic, amaqembu okuthuthukisa umkhiqizo kufanele acacise okulandelayo esigabeni se-RFQ:
| Ipharamitha | Incazelo Enconyiwe | Amanothi |
|---|---|---|
| Izinga lesitifiketi | EN 13356:2001+A1:2007 (inguqulo yamanje evumelanisiwe) | Qinisekisa ukuthi umbiko wokuhlola ubhekisela kuhlelo olujwayelekile olufanele |
| I-RA encane (emhlophe/isiliva, 0.2°/5°) | ≥ 330 cd/lux·m² | Ukudlula inani eliphansi kunikeza umkhawulo wokuphepha wokusebenza okuwohlokile |
| Ibanga lokushisa | -30°C kuya ku-+60°C kuyasebenza | Kudlula imfuneko ejwayelekile yezimo ezimbi kakhulu zaseNordic |
| Izinketho zombala | Okumhlophe, okuphuzi okukhanyayo, okuphuzi okukhanyayo | Imibala ekhanyayo yengeza ukubonakala kwasemini kodwa iqinisekisa ukuguquguquka ngokwe-EN 13356 Ithebula 1 |
| Ingcina esekelayo | I-glue enamathelayo esezingeni lokushisa noma ethinta ukucindezela elinganiselwe ku--30°C | Kumelwe uphumelele ukuhlolwa kokuqina kwe-EN 13356 ngemuva kokufakwa endwangu |
| Indawo encane yokubonakalisa ngeyunithi ngayinye | ≥ 15 cm² | Izinhlobo eziningi zaseNordic zihlose ukubekwa kwe-20-50 cm² ngokufakwa kwe-reflector ukuze kubonakale kangcono |
| Ubunzima bomumo | Ubuciko bomkhiqizo obusikiwe ngokwezifiso | Nikeza umsebenzi wobuciko bevektha (.ai noma .eps); ububanzi besici sangaphakathi okungenani buyi-2mm |
| Ukuqina kokugeza | ≥ imijikelezo yokugeza yasekhaya engu-25 ku-40°C ngaphandle kokuwohloka kwe-RA okungaphezulu kuka-15% | Kubalulekile kuma-reflector ahlanganiswe nezingubo; cela idatha yokuhlolwa kokuwasha ngokwehlukana |
Ukufaka lolu hlu lokuhlola kuzimpawu zakho zokuqala ze-RFQ kumhlinzeki ukuthi uyaqonda indinganiso futhi ulindele ukuthobela imithetho okuqinisekiswayo -- hhayi nje isimangalo sokumaketha.
7. Icala Lebhizinisi: Kungani Ama-Reflector Aqinisekisiwe Engeyona Isikhungo Sezindleko
Abaphathi bemithombo ngezinye izikhathi baphatha izibonisi njengezesekeli zezinto ezikumugqa -- ukuhlobisa okuncane okufanele kuncishiswe ukuze kutholakale imajini. Lokhu kuhlela kungemuva kwezimakethe zaseNordic.
Ukuqapha isango lomthengisi: Njengoba kuphawuliwe ngenhla, abathengisi baseNordic baphoqelela ukuthobela imithetho ye-EN 13356 njengemfuneko yokufaka ohlwini. Imikhiqizo engahambisani nemithetho ayifinyeleli eshalofini. Izindleko zombiko wokuhlolwa kwesitifiketi - ngokuvamile ama-euro angamakhulu ambalwa ngelebhu egunyaziwe - zincane uma kuqhathaniswa nemali engenayo elahlekile yokuthunyelwa okwenqatshiwe.
I-trust yomkhiqizo: Abathengi baseNordic baphakathi kwabadlali bangaphandle abaqaphela kakhulu ukuphepha emhlabeni. Uphawu lwe-EN 13356 olusejazini lokugijima luyisibonakaliso sokwethenjwa esifana nophawu lwe-CE kuma-elekthronikhi. Luveza ukuthi lo mkhiqizo utshale imali ekuphepheni okuqinisekiswayo kunezinto zokuhlobisa.
Ukuzimisela kwabathengi ukukhokha: Ucwaningo oluningi lwemakethe yaseNordic lubonisa ukuthi abagijimi babeka ukubonakala phakathi kwezindlela zabo ezintathu eziphezulu zokuthenga izingubo zangaphandle zasebusika, kanye nokufakwa kokushisa kanye nokuphathwa komswakama. Ama-reflector awabhekwa njengesengezo sezindleko kodwa njengesici esiyinhloko somsebenzi. Imikhiqizo exhumana nokuhambisana ne-EN 13356 ekulandiseni kwayo komkhiqizo kanye nezincazelo ze-hangtag njalo ibika amazinga aphezulu okuguqulwa efasiteleni lokuthengisa kusukela ngo-Okthoba kuya kuMashi uma kuqhathaniswa nabancintisana nabo abaphatha izinto ezikhanyayo njengento encane.
Ukwehliswa kwesibopho: Uma kwenzeka ingozi yethrafikhi yomgwaqo ehilela umgijimi ogqoke izingubo zomkhiqizo, ukuba khona noma ukungabikho kwezibonisi eziqinisekisiwe kuba yisici esibalulekile ekuhlaziyweni kwesibopho somkhiqizo. Izibonisi eziqinisekisiwe zinikeza ubufakazi obubhaliwe bokuthi umkhiqizo uhlangabezane nezindinganiso zokuphepha ezifanele.
Izindleko ngeyunithi ngayinye zingaphansi: Izibonisi ze-EN 13356 ezisikiwe ngokwezifiso ezivela kumhlinzeki ofana I-NBjge ngokuvamile kungeza ngaphansi kwe-EUR 0.15-0.40 ngeyunithi ngayinye kuma-MOQ angu-1,000+. Ebhokisini lokugijima elithengiswa nge-EUR 120-200, izindleko zokubonisa ziyiphutha lokulinganisa eliletha ukuphepha okukhulu kanye nenani lezentengiselwano.
8. Inqubo Yokuthola Imithombo: Kusukela Emsebenzini Wobuciko Kuya Ekukhiqizweni Okuqinisekisiwe
Ukuhamba komsebenzi ojwayelekile we-OEM kwama-reflector e-EN 13356 ngokwezifiso kulandela lolu chungechunge:
- Ingxoxo yokuklama: Lo mkhiqizo unikeza ubuciko be-vector besimo esifunwayo, ucacisa ubukhulu, umbala, kanye nokubekwa kwengubo.
- Ukukhetha izinto: Umkhiqizi we-reflector uncoma izinga le-microprismatic sheeting ngokusekelwe ekusetshenzisweni (ukuthunga, ukudlulisa ukushisa, i-adhesive patch) kanye nezidingo zemvelo.
- Ukusika okudayiwe kanye nokuthatha amasampula: Kukhiqizwa izinhlayiya zensimbi futhi kukhiqizwa izibonisi zesampula. Lo mkhiqizo uhlola ukulingana, ukuzizwa kwesandla, kanye nekhwalithi yokubonakala kuma-prototypes ezingubo.
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-EN 13356: Amasampula aqediwe athunyelwa elabhorethri egunyaziwe ukuze kuhlolwe emuva, kuhlolwe umbala, futhi kuhlolwe ukuqina. Ukuguquka ngokuvamile kuthatha amasonto ama-2-4.
- Ukuvunyelwa kokukhiqiza: Uma iphumelela imiphumela yokuhlolwa, umkhiqizo uyayivuma imininingwane. Umkhiqizi we-reflector uqala ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi ngokuhlolwa kwe-RA okuqondile.
- Ukuthunyelwa kanye nemibhalo ye-QC: Indawo ngayinye yokukhiqiza ithunyelwa nesitifiketi sokuhambisana nemithetho ebhekisela kumbiko wokuhlola we-EN 13356, kanye namarekhodi okuhlola anobukhulu nokubukwayo.
Kuyo yonke le nqubo, isiyalo sokuxhumana phakathi komkhiqizo kanye nomhlinzeki we-reflector sibalulekile. Ukuphambuka okuncane ekwakhiweni kwe-adhesive, ubukhali be-die, noma i-sheeting batch kungathinta amanani okugcina okubuyiselwa emuva. Ubudlelwano be-OEM obuthembeke kakhulu busungula idokhumenti yokucaciswa komkhiqizo evala yonke into eguquguqukayo -- kusukela kumkhiqizi we-sheeting kanye nebanga kuya kohlobo lwe-adhesive, ukubekezelelana kwe-die-cut, kanye nendlela yokupakisha -- futhi ibhekisela kumbiko wokuqala wokuhlolwa we-EN 13356 njengesisekelo sokwamukelwa.
Kubalulekile futhi ukuqaphela ukuthi isitifiketi se-EN 13356 sinamathela ekucushweni komkhiqizo oqediwe. Uma uhlobo lushintsha ubukhulu besibonisi, umbala, inhlaka engemuva, noma i-substrate esetshenzisiwe ngemuva kokuhlolwa kokuqala, umkhiqizo ungadinga ukuhlolwa kabusha. Amaqembu omkhiqizo kufanele aphathe imininingwane yesibonisi njengombhalo olawulwayo, nganoma yiluphi ushintsho olubangela ukubuyekezwa ngokumelene nobubanzi besitifiketi esikhona.
I-NBjge isekela lo msebenzi ogcwele ovela esikhungweni sayo sokukhiqiza i-Ningbo, esihlinzeke ngemikhiqizo yokubuyisa emuva kumikhiqizo yemishini yokuphepha yaseYurophu iminyaka engaphezu kweshumi. Le nkampani igcina imibiko yokuhlola ye-EN 13356 yephothifoliyo yayo ejwayelekile yokubeka amashidi futhi ixhumanisa ukuthunyelwa okusha kokuhlolwa kwezimo ezenziwe ngokwezifiso njengengxenye yenqubo yokufaka i-OEM.
Imikhiqizo eqala iqoqo le-Nordic ebusika kufanele iqale ukuthola izinto ezibonisa ukukhanya okungenani amasonto ayi-12 ngaphambi kosuku lokuthunyelwa okuqondiwe ukuze kuvunyelwe ukwenziwa, ukusampula, ukuhlolwa, kanye nesikhathi sokuhola ekukhiqizweni.
imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa
Iyini indinganiso ye-EN 13356 yezibonisi zokuphepha zabahamba ngezinyawo?
I-EN 13356 iyindinganiso evumelanisiwe yaseYurophu ecacisa izidingo zokusebenza kwezibonisi zokuphepha zomuntu siqu ezingasetshenziswanga amandla okuhloswe ukuba zigqokwe ngabahamba ngezinyawo. Ichaza amazinga aphansi okubuyiselwa emuva, izindlela zokuqina, kanye nemininingwane yombala ukuze abashayeli bakwazi ukubona umuntu ogqoke isibonisi kude okuphephile. Uhlelo lwamanje olubhekiselwe kulo yi-EN 13356:2001+A1:2007.
Ingabe isitifiketi se-EN 13356 siyadingeka ngokusemthethweni emazweni aseNordic?
EFinland, ukugqoka i-reflector kuyimfuneko ngokomthetho kubantu abahamba ngezinyawo abahamba emigwaqweni ngaphandle kokukhanya komgwaqo phakathi kokushona kwelanga nokuphuma kwelanga. ISweden, iNorway, neDenmark aziphoqeleli ngokomthetho abantu abadala ukuba basebenzise ama-reflector, kodwa okulindelwe emakethe kanye nezidingo zabathengisi zikhetha kakhulu imikhiqizo eqinisekisiwe ye-EN 13356. Abathengisi abakhulu baseNordic ngokuvamile ngeke bagcine ama-reflector omuntu siqu angaqinisekisiwe.
Yimaphi amanani okuhlaziya emuva adingwa yi-EN 13356?
I-EN 13356 idinga i-coefficient encane yokubuyiselwa emuva (i-RA, elinganiswa ku-cd/lux·m²) ekubonweni okucacisiwe kanye nama-engeli okungena. Kwezinto ezimhlophe noma zesiliva, indinganiso ivame ukudinga amanani e-RA angaphezu kuka-300 cd/lux·m² ekhoneni lokubuka elingu-0.2° kanye ne-engeli yokungena elingu-5°. Izinto ezinemibala zinemingcele ephansi kodwa esacacisiwe. Iphrothokholi yokuhlola egcwele iphinde ihlole i-chromaticity kanye nokuqina ngaphansi kokuhuzuka, izinga lokushisa, kanye nokucindezeleka komswakama.
Ingabe izibukisi zingenziwa ngokwezifiso zibe yizimo ezithile zomkhiqizo ngenkathi kugcinwa ukuhambisana kwe-EN 13356?
Yebo. Uma nje indawo ekhanyayo ihlangabezana nezidingo ezincane futhi izinto ezikhanyayo zifinyelela amanani e-RA acacisiwe, izimo ezisikiwe ngokwezifiso - ama-logo, ama-silhouette, amafomu angabonakali - zingaba nesitifiketi se-EN 13356. Izinto ezibalulekile okufanele uzicabangele yindawo ekhanyayo eyanele, imiphetho ehlanzekile eqoshiwe engalimazi isakhiwo se-prism, kanye nokusebenzisa amashidi ahlolwe ngokwezinga ekucushweni komkhiqizo wokugcina.
Izimo zasebusika zaseNordic zithinta kanjani ukusebenza kwe-reflector?
Amazinga okushisa angaphansi kwezinga-zero, umswakama, ukuguguleka kweqhwa, kanye nokuvezwa yi-UV kungonakalisa izinto ezibonisa ukukhanya ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. I-EN 13356 ifaka izidingo zokuhlola ukuqina njengokujikeleza kokushisa (ngokuvamile -20°C kuya ku-+50°C) kanye nokumelana nokuguguleka. Imikhiqizo ehlose izimo zeNordic ezibucayi kufanele icacise izibonisi ezenziwe nge-microprismatic sheeting ezilinganiselwe ngaphezu kobuncane obujwayelekile futhi icele idatha eyengeziwe yokusebenza kokushisa okuphansi kumenzi.
Yiliphi inani elijwayelekile le-oda elincane lama-reflector e-EN 13356 enziwe ngokwezifiso?
Ubuningi be-oda elincane buhluka ngokuya ngomkhiqizi kanye nobunzima besimo. Ku-NBjge, izibonisi ezihambisana nesimo se-EN 13356 ezihambisana nesimo ngokwezifiso zingakhiqizwa ngezingcezu ezingaba yi-1,000 ngomklamo ngamunye, kuye ngobunzima obunqunyiwe kanye nezinketho zombala. Ukukhiqiza okukhulu kunciphisa izindleko ngeyunithi ngayinye futhi kuhlinzeka ngokufinyelela ebangeni elibanzi lamamaki okufaka amashidi kanye nokuqedwa.
Izinkomba kanye nokufunda okwengeziwe
- I-Wikipedia: I-Retroreflector -- izimiso zokuzindla kabusha
- I-CEN -- IKomidi LaseYurophu Lokumisa: ukufakwa ohlwini okujwayelekile okuvumelanisiwe
- Ikhathalogi yomkhiqizo we-NBjge: Izibonisi zokuphepha zabahamba ngezinyawo ezihambisana ne-EN 13356
- Izinsizakalo zokubonisa ze-OEM ze-NBjge ezimise okwezifiso zemikhiqizo yezingubo