Ma hope o ʻeiwa mau mahina o nā pāʻani paʻakikī, ma ka lā 24 o Dekemaba, manawa kūloko, ua hōʻea kūhelu ʻo Beritania a me ka ʻAhahui ʻEulopa i kahi ʻaelike kālepa Brexit. Hōʻike ka ʻaelike 1246 ʻaoʻao i ka ikaika o ke kuʻekuʻe ʻana, akā ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o kahi "Brexit paʻakikī" i ʻaelike ʻole ʻia.Poloka Kikowaena ʻŌmaʻomaʻo, Nā mea hoʻohui PCB a me Nā mea hoʻomālamalama ʻālohilohi Pono ke kahua e loaʻa ka nānā.
Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Kuhina Nui Pelekane ʻo Johnson e koho balota ʻia ka ʻAhaʻōlelo Pelekane no ka palapala ʻaelike kālepa me ka ʻAhahui ʻEulopa ma ka lā 30 o Dekemaba.
Ua pau ka ʻaelike kālepa
Ma ka lā 26 o Kēkēmapa, ua hoʻokuʻu ke UK i kahi kikokikona 1246 ʻaoʻao o ka ʻaelike kālepa Brexit me ka EU, ʻo ia hoʻi, me nā palapala kālepa, nā ʻaelike ma ka ikehu nukelea, ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka ʻike pilikino, ka ikehu nukelea kīwila, a me kahi moʻo o nā ʻōlelo hui.
Ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia ka palapala hoʻolālā EU-UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement (Draft EU-UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement), ʻo ke ʻano o ka kikokikona ma hope o ka haʻalele ʻana o Beritania i ka mākeke hoʻokahi o ka EU, ʻaʻohe pilikia ma waena o nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua i nā tariffs a i ʻole nā pilikia quota. Ua ʻōlelo ke Komisina ʻEulopa ʻo ka ʻaelike kālepa ma waena o ka EU a me UK he zero tariff a me zero quota.
Aia i loko o ke kikokikona nā pākuʻi kikoʻī he nui, me nā ʻōlelo e pili ana i ke kumu, ka iʻa, ke kālepa waina, nā lāʻau lapaʻau, nā kemika a me ka laulima ʻikepili palekana.
Ua kau inoa ʻo Beritania i kahi ʻaelike kālepa kūʻokoʻa
Ke lilo ʻo Beritania i lālā o ka ʻAhahui ʻEulopa, komo koke ia i nā ʻaelike kālepa he 40 me nā ʻāina a i ʻole nā ʻāpana he 70 a ʻoi. Ma hope o Brexit, hiki iā Beritania ke kūkākūkā i ka hoʻomau ʻana o kēia mau ʻaelike. ʻAʻole e pili hou kekahi ʻaelike kālepa EU i kēia manawa iā Beritania ma hope o Dekemaba 31, a e kālepa ʻo Beritania e like me nā lula WTO inā ʻaʻole ia e hiki i kahi ʻaelike bilateral me kēia mau ʻāina a i ʻole nā ʻāpana.
Wahi a ka pūnaewele aupuni Pelekane, ua hoʻohou hou ʻia he 29 mau ʻaelike e uhi ana i 58 mau ʻāina a i ʻole nā ʻāpana a e hoʻomaka ana ma Ianuali 1 a i ʻole ka hapa mua o 2021. Ke kūkākūkā ʻia nei he 10 mau ʻāina a i ʻole nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe, akā ua hoʻopau ʻia ka hapa nui o nā mea nui.
Ma ʻĀsia, 23 ʻOkakopa, ua kau inoa kūhelu ʻo Beritania a me Iapana i kahi ʻaelike kālepa kūʻokoʻa bilateral, ʻO kēia ka ʻaelike kālepa nui mua i kau inoa ʻia e Beritania ma hope o Brexit. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Beritania, E hoʻokuʻu ka ʻaelike i 99% o kāna mau mea hoʻokuʻu aku i Iapana, e hoʻonui ʻia ke kālepa lōʻihi o Beritania me Iapana ma 15.2 biliona paona ($19.9 biliona). E hiki nō hoʻi i ka ʻaelike ke hoʻopau mālie i nā ʻauhau kaʻa Kepani, e lilo nā ʻauhau kaʻa o Iapana i zero ma 2026. Ua like kēia ʻōlelo me ka ʻaelike ma ka ʻaelike kālepa Iapana-EU. Manaʻolana ʻo Beritania e noi kūhelu no ke komo ʻana i ka CPTPP 11-lālā, i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o 2021 ua hoʻokipa ʻo Iapana, a e hāʻawi i ke kākoʻo e pono ai i UK.
10 Kekemapa, He ʻaelike kālepa manuahi ma waena o Beritania a me Singapore, A ua ʻae ʻia e hoʻomaka i ka makahiki aʻe, "UK-Singapore Digital Economy Agreement". Ma lalo o ka ʻaelike, e loaʻa i nā ʻoihana ma Singapore a me UK ka mālama like ʻana me ka EU-Singapore Free Trade Agreement (EUSFTA. ʻO kēia ka komo ʻana me ke kuleana ʻole i ke kālepa ʻana i nā waiwai, ka maʻalahi o ke komo ʻana i kā lākou mau lawelawe a me ka mākeke kūʻai aupuni, A me ka hōʻemi ʻana i nā pale ʻole-tariff i nā mea uila, nā kaʻa a me nā ʻāpana pili, nā huahana lāʻau lapaʻau a me nā lako lapaʻau a me ka ikehu hou. Ma hope o ka hoʻokō ʻia ʻana o ka UK - Singapore FTA, e hoʻokuʻu ʻo Beritania i 84% o nā mea lawe mai o Singapore, ʻO ke koena 16 pakeneka e manaʻo ʻia e hoʻokuʻu ʻia ma 21 Nowemapa 2024. E mālama ʻo Singapore i nā huahana Pelekane o kēia manawa i lawe ʻia aku i Singapore me ka mālama ʻole ʻana i ka tariff.
11 Kekemapa, He ʻaelike kālepa kūʻokoʻa ma waena o Beritania a me Vietnam, E like me ka ʻaelike like ʻana, No nā makahiki ʻehiku e hiki mai ana (2027), Ma waena o nā ʻāina ʻelua e hōʻemi mālie i ke kumukūʻai o nā lawe mai o 99% o nā waiwai. Ke hoʻokō piha ʻia ka ʻaelike, e loaʻa iā Vietnam he £114 miliona ($151 miliona) ma ke ʻano he hoʻomaha ʻauhau hoʻokuʻu aku. E mālama ʻo Beritania i 36 miliona paona ma kāna mau hoʻokuʻu aku.
ʻO ka FTA hou loa a Beritania me Kanada. Ua hoʻolaha ke Hope Kuhina Nui o Kanada ʻo Freeland ma ka lā 22 o Dekemaba, manawa kūloko, ua kau inoa ʻo Kanada a me United Kingdom i kahi ʻaelike manawa pōkole e pale aku i ka "Brexit paʻakikī" Pelekane i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā pilikia tariff. Ma muli o ke ʻano o ka ʻaelike, ua hahai ka ʻaelike i nā ʻike o ka ʻaelike kālepa o Kanada me ka ʻAhahui ʻEulopa, e hoʻomaka ana ma Ianuali 1, 2021. Ke kūkākūkā nā ʻāina ʻelua i kahi ʻaelike kālepa hou, e hoʻopau ʻia ka ʻaelike manawa pōkole.
Hoʻolaha Kālepa o ka Lā Makahiki Hou
Ua lilo ʻo Kina i kumu nui loa o nā mea lawe mai o UK no ka manawa mua i ka hapaha ʻelua, e like me ka ʻikepili i hoʻokuʻu ʻia ma ka pūnaewele kūhelu o ka National Bureau of Statistics (ONS) i kēia lā. No ka manawa mua i ka hapaha ʻelua, ua lawe mai ʻo UK i nā waiwai hou aku mai Kina ma mua o nā ʻāina kālepa ʻē aʻe a pau, wahi a ONS. I ka hapaha ʻelua, ua piʻi ka hapa o UK o nā mea lawe mai mai Kina mai 8.6 pakeneka i ka hapaha mua a i 13.4 pakeneka i ka hapaha ʻelua, me nā mea lawe mai e hiki ana i 11 biliona paona, hoʻokahi o kēlā me kēia ʻehiku mau mea lawe mai Pelekane e hele mai ana mai Kina mai.
I ka hapa mua o kēia makahiki, ua ʻoi aku ma mua o ka hapahā o nā mea uila a me nā mīkini Pelekane i lawe ʻia mai Kina mai. Ma UK, ua lawe ʻia mai Kina mai, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā huahana uila, nā lako leo a me nā lako keʻena, ʻoi aku ma mua o 30 pakeneka. Kūlike nui ke ʻano me ka ʻikepili ma mua. Hōʻike nā helu mōʻaukala ONS i ka makahiki 2019, ʻo nā lako uila, nā lako kamaʻilio, nā lako mīkini keʻena, nā lole, nā lako hale a pēlā aku nā ʻano huahana nui i lawe ʻia mai Kina mai e United Kingdom.
E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna, ʻo nā ʻāina a i ʻole nā ʻāpana i ʻole kahi ʻaelike bilateral me UK e kālepa e like me nā lula WTO ma hope o Ianuali 1 o ka makahiki aʻe.
ʻO ka hoʻāʻo mua no nā mea hoʻopuka aku Kina mai ka hōʻoia.
E hoʻohana kūhelu ʻo Beritania i ka hōʻailona hōʻoia o ka British conformity Assessment (UKCA) mai Ianuali 1, 2021. ʻO ka logo UKCA kahi logo huahana UK hou e hoʻohana ʻia no nā huahana i kūʻai ʻia ma ka mākeke UK (ʻEnelani, Wales a me Scotland), kahi e uhi ana i ka hapa nui o nā waiwai i koi mua i ka logo CE. ʻAʻole pili ka logo UKCA i nā waiwai i kūʻai ʻia ma ka mākeke ʻo Northern Ireland.
ʻO ka hoʻokō ʻana o ka logo Pelekane UKCA, ka pono mua no ka hōʻoia CE o nā huahana i hoʻokuʻu ʻia aku i ka ʻAhahui ʻEulopa a me ke Aupuni Hui Pū ʻIa, e koi ana i ka hōʻoia CE a me UKCA, kahi mea e loaʻa ai ka hopena nui i ke kumukūʻai o nā huahana ʻoihana, pono e hopohopo nui ʻia.
Eia kekahi, pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ma lalo o ka ʻōnaehana dute i hoʻohui ʻia o ka ʻAhahui ʻEulopa mua, ʻaʻole pono nā waiwai e komo ana a e puka ana i ka ʻAhahui ʻEulopa i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe dute a me nā kaʻina hana ʻauhau hou. Ma hope o Brexit, e lilo ʻo Beritania a me ka ʻAhahui ʻEulopa i ʻōnaehana hana dute kūʻokoʻa, a ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe dute o nā waiwai ma o nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua ma mua o ka wā ma mua.
Ua hoʻopuka ka hui hoʻouna moku ʻo ONE i kahi leka hoʻomaopopo e pili ana i nā memo hoʻolaha palekana e pili ana i ka Brexit: pono e hoʻouna ʻia nā mea lawe mai a me nā mea hoʻokuʻu aku i United Kingdom, ka hele ʻana ma o United Kingdom, ENS. Pono e hoʻouna ʻia nā waiwai ma luna o ka moku ma UK, ENS 48 mau hola ma mua o ka moku. Eia kekahi, ua hoʻokumu ka UK Customs i kahi kahua palekana a me ka palekana (S&S) no ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ʻike ENS. Mai Ianuali 1, 2021, e hoʻomau ka British Customs i ke koi ʻana i kahi hōʻike ENS o nā waiwai āpau mai waho o ka European Union no ka hoʻoiho ʻana a me ka hoʻouna ʻana ma nā awa Pelekane. Mai Iulai 1, 2021, pono e hoʻokō ʻia nā waiwai mai loko mai o EU a i United Kingdom (koe wale nō ʻo Northern Ireland) i ka ʻōlelo ENS.
E ʻoluʻolu hoʻi e hoʻolohe i ke kālepa uila ma waena o nā palena ʻāina, ma nā ʻāina ʻEulopa kahi e hana ai nā hana waiwai, ʻoiai nā ʻoihana lawe mai a me ka lawe aku, kahi helu hoʻopaʻa inoa EORI e pono ai (helu hoʻopaʻa inoa mea hoʻokele waiwai a me ka helu ʻike - Economic Operators Registration and Identification). Ke puka kūhelu ʻo UK mai ʻEulopa mai, e pau ka helu EORI i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o UK GB ma ka EU. Inā makemake ʻoe e noho ma ka mākeke UK EU, pono ʻoe i kahi helu EORI a me kahi helu EORI o ka EU, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻelua mau helu EORI.
Ua hoʻolaha ka ʻOihana Dute Pelekane e hoʻomaka ana ka hoʻoponopono ʻauhau o nā waiwai i lawe ʻia mai Pelekane ma Ianuali 1, 2021. Eia nā koi kikoʻī:
ʻO VAT ka uku no nā mea lawe mai a pau nona ka waiwai i hōʻike ʻia ma lalo o £135 (VAT). Hoʻopau ke kānāwai ʻauhau hou i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻauhau mua no ka lawe mai ʻana mai o nā waiwai liʻiliʻi, ʻo ia hoʻi, nā waiwai me ka waiwai i hōʻike ʻia ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o £15, a i kēia manawa pono nō hoʻi e uku i ka ʻauhau waiwai i hoʻohui ʻia ma kahi ʻauhau o 20.
Ke lilo nā waiwai a pau i lawe ʻia mai i UK i mau ʻoihana, pono ka helu hōʻailona hoʻopaʻa inoa o ka mea hoʻokele waiwai (helu EORI) a me ka helu VAT (helu VAT). ʻAʻole e pili hou ka helu EU EORI i nā ʻoihana lawe mai a hoʻokuʻu aku i UK.
Inā he kahua e-commerce (OMPs) ka mea loaʻa, na ke kahua e-commerce ke kuleana no ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana a me ka helu ʻana o ka VAT. ʻO ka VAT ma nā waiwai i lawe ʻia mai i kūʻai pololei ʻia aku i nā mea kūʻai aku Pelekane ma UK e hoʻomau ʻia ka helu ʻana e nā mea kūʻai aku ma waho me ka ʻole o ke komo ʻana o nā kahua e-commerce (OMP); No nā waiwai i hoʻouna ʻia ma waho a kūʻai pololei ʻia aku i nā mea loaʻa Pelekane me ka ʻole o ke komo ʻana o nā kahua e-commerce (OMP), pono nā mea kūʻai aku ma waho e hoʻopaʻa inoa i nā mea hoʻokele waiwai me nā helu ʻike (helu EORI) a me nā helu VAT (helu VAT) a uku i ka VAT i ka British Customs (HMRC). Inā loaʻa i kahi mea kūʻai aku kalepa kahi palapala inoa VAT ma UK a hāʻawi ʻia kahi helu hoʻopaʻa inoa VAT kūpono i ka mea kūʻai aku, e helu ʻia ka VAT ma o ka uku hoʻihoʻi o ka mea kūʻai aku.
ʻAʻole pili ke kānāwai ʻauhau hou i nā hana kālepa ʻole e pili ana i nā waiwai excise dute (cigarettes, alcohol) a i ʻole nā kānaka pilikino, e hoʻopili ana i nā lula e kū nei, nā kikoʻī o ia mea e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia e ka British Customs.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Ian-04-2021