Ubushyuhe bukabije n'ikirere cyumye ni byo bigaragaza uruhande ruteje akaga cyane.
Icya mbere ni Uburayi, hakiyongeraho ikibazo cy'ibiribwa. Raporo iheruka yatanzwe n'ikigo cy'ubujyanama mu by'ubuhinzi cy'Abafaransa cyitwa Strategie Grains iteganya ko umusaruro w'ibigori by'Umuryango w'Ubumwe bw'u Burayi uzagabanuka ukagera kuri toni miliyoni 55.4 mu gihembwe cy'ihinga cya 2022-2023, wenda kikaba ari cyo gipimo kiri hasi cyane mu myaka 15 ishize, kikaba cyaragabanutseho ibirenze 20% ugereranije n'umwaka wabanjirije uwo. Mu gihe cy'impeshyi n'itumba bya 2022, ibiciro by'ibiribwa by'Umuryango w'Ubumwe bw'u Burayi bishobora kongera kuzamuka.Utugarura-rumuri duto, Ibihuza bya Idc na Utuzunguruzo tw'amapine y'igare bigomba kwitabwaho.
Ikigo cy’Ubushakashatsi cya Komisiyo y’Uburayi cyaburiye ko Uburayi bushobora guhura n’amapfa akomeye cyane mu myaka igera kuri 500 ishize. Ku ruhande rumwe, Aschbacher, umuyobozi mukuru w’Ikigo cy’Uburayi gishinzwe iby’Ijuru, yavuze ko niba imihindagurikire y’ikirere idahawe agaciro, Uburayi bushobora gutwara miliyari mirongo z’amadolari muri iki kinyejana.
Ahari ingaruka zikomeye zishobora guterwa n’ubushyuhe bukabije mu Burayi ni uko umuvuduko wo gushonga kw’urubura rwo muri Arctique urimo kwihuta. Ku itariki ya 11 Kanama, iyi nkuru ya Washington yasubiyemo itumanaho karemano - isi n’ibidukikije, ubushakashatsi buheruka bwavuze ko ubushyuhe bwo muri Arctique bwihuta cyane kurusha uko abahanga benshi babyiteze, Arctique ni imwe mu turere dushyuha cyane ku isi, mu mpera za Nyakanga, Svalbard yo muri Arctique ifite toni miliyari 40 z’urubura yamaze gushonga mu nyanja.
Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika nazo zihanganye n'amapfa akomeye. Nk'uko imibare iheruka yavuye mu kinyamakuru gishinzwe gukurikirana amapfa muri Amerika ibivuga, 55 ku ijana by'uburengerazuba bwa Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika ubu bari hejuru y'urugero rw'amapfa akomeye. Ibitangazamakuru byinshi byo muri Amerika byavuze ko ari amapfa mabi cyane mu myaka irenga 200 ishize.
Uburayi "bwahise butangaza"
Ubushyuhe bwinshi n'ikirere cy'izuba byatumye ikibazo cy'ibiribwa mu Burayi kirushaho kwiyongera.
Raporo iheruka yatanzwe n’ikigo cy’ubujyanama mu by’ubuhinzi cyo mu Bufaransa cyitwa Strategie Grains irateganya ko umusaruro w’ibigori byo mu muryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi uzagabanuka ukagera kuri toni miliyoni 55.4 mu gihembwe cy’ihinga cya 2022-2023, wenda ukaba ari wo uri hasi cyane mu myaka 15 ishize, aho uzagabanukaho ibirenga 20% ugereranyije n’umwaka. Ibiteganijwe byagabanutseho 15% ugereranyije na toni miliyoni 65.4 muri Nyakanga, bigaragaza ko hari ikibazo cy’amapfa.
Raporo ivuga ko amahirwe y’umusaruro w’ibigori mu 2022 mu Burayi arimo kugenda agabanuka cyane, kandi ko umusaruro uzagabanuka cyane kuva mu 2007.
Icyerekezo cy'umusaruro ku bindi bihingwa nacyo ntabwo gitanga icyizere. Strategie Grains iteganya ko umusaruro w'ibinyampeke muri rusange mu muryango w'ubumwe bw'ibihugu by'Uburayi uzagabanukaho 8.5% mu gihembwe cy'ihinga cya 2022-2023. Muri byo, umusaruro w'ingano zoroshye witezweho kugabanukaho 5% ukagera kuri toni miliyoni 123.3, mu gihe umusaruro w'ingano witezweho kugabanukaho 3.7% ukagera kuri toni miliyoni 50, byombi bikaba biri munsi y'ikigereranyo cy'imyaka itanu.
Impamvu y’uko hari icyizere gikabije ni uko iki cyiciro cy’amapfa kidasanzwe cyagize ingaruka ku bacuruza ibiribwa benshi bo mu muryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’uburayi: Ubufaransa, Esipanye, Ubutaliyani, Ubudage, n’ahandi, mu burengerazuba no mu majyepfo y’uburengerazuba bw’Uburayi bwo hagati, aho imvura imaze hafi amezi abiri nta mvura igwa cyane.
Abahinzi b'umuceri bo mu Butaliyani bavuga ko imbuto z'umuceri zipfa kandi zikanapfa mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe n'izuba, zikaba zaratanze umusaruro wa 30% gusa ugereranije n'umwaka ushize.
Espagne, itanga 50% by'amavuta ya elayo ku isi, ntabwo yari ifite ikibazo. Minisitiri w'ubuhinzi wa Espagne Luis Planas yaburiye ko umusaruro w'imyelayo muri uyu mwaka uzaba uri hasi cyane ugereranije n'imyaka yashize, ateganya ko umusaruro w'imyelayo uzagabanukaho kimwe cya gatatu.
Igabanuka rikomeye ry’umusaruro w’ibinyampeke rizagira ingaruka ku musaruro w’ibiribwa mu muryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, aho Strategie Grains iteganya ko mu 2022 hazabaho icyuho cya toni 100.000 na toni 200.000.
Kubera iyo mpamvu, iteganyagihe ry’ibiribwa mu Burayi rimaze guhanura ko ibiciro by’ibiribwa mu Muryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi bishobora gukomeza kuzamuka mu gihe cy’impeshyi n’itumba bya 2022.
Byongeye kandi, ibice bimwe na bimwe byo mu Burengerazuba bwa Amerika, ari na byo bihingwa cyane ku isi mu bigori, nabyo birimo guhura n’ikibazo cy’ubushyuhe n’izuba, ibyo bikaba byateye impungenge ku igabanuka ry’umusaruro wabyo.
Umusaruro w’ibinyampeke ku isi na wo witezwe kugabanuka muri uyu mwaka, aho umusaruro w’ingano ushobora kugabanukaho 0.8% ukagera kuri toni miliyoni 738.4, naho umusaruro w’ibigori ukagabanukaho 3.6% ukagera kuri toni miliyari 1.13, nk’uko Strategie Grains ibivuga.
Umuburo uheruka: amapfa mabi cyane mu myaka 500 ishize
Igiteye impungenge kurushaho ni uko amapfa mu Burayi ashobora gukomeza, ndetse ntibinakuraho ko ashobora gukomeza kwangirika.
Amakuru aheruka gutangwa n’ikigo gishinzwe kugenzura amapfa mu Burayi agaragaza ko 47 ku ijana by’ubutaka bw’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi ubu buri mu kaga k’amapfa, mu gihe 17 ku ijana bumaze kugera ku rwego rwo hejuru. Muri rusange, ubutaka burenga 60% by’ubutaka bw’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi buri mu kaga gaterwa n’amapfa.
Nk’uko Sky News yabitangaje, Uburayi bushobora kuba bwarahuye n’amapfa akomeye cyane mu myaka igera kuri 500 ishize, nk’uko Andrea, umushakashatsi ukusanya amakuru y’ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi ku mapfa cy’i Burayi yabitangaje.
Andrea yagaragaje ko amapfa yo mu Burayi mu 2018 yari akomeye cyane, kandi ko nibura nta mapfa asa na yo yigeze kubaho mu myaka 500 ishize, mu bunararibonye bwayo ashobora kuba akomeye cyane kurusha mu 2018.
Mu bihugu bitandukanye, amapfa muri Esipanye ni menshi cyane. Ubushobozi bw'ibigega bya Esipanye bwakomeje kugabanuka kuva muri Kanama, busiga 40% gusa by'ubushobozi bwabyo, amanota 20 ku ijana ari munsi y'ubushobozi bw'ikigereranyo mu gihe nk'icyo mu myaka icumi ishize.
Ubutaliyani nabwo ni bumwe mu bwagizweho ingaruka zikomeye n’amapfa, aho uruzi runini arirwo —— Uruzi rwa Po, rwagabanutse cyane mu myaka 70 ishize. Guverinoma yatangaje ko habayeho ibihe by’ibiza mu karere ka Po, gafite umusaruro urenga kimwe cya gatatu cy’ubuhinzi mu Butaliyani.
Ubufaransa burimo guhura n’amapfa mabi cyane mu mateka, agira ingaruka zikomeye ku mazi yo kunywa, kuhira no gutanga ingufu mu buhinzi, ndetse no ku mazi mu mijyi irenga 100. Aborozi bo muri ako gace baburiye ko amata ashobora kuboneka ku isoko muri iki gihe cy’itumba niba amapfa akomeje.
Iyi ngaruka mbi z’amapfa zidasanzwe zirimo guteza urukurikirane rw’ingaruka mbi ku bukungu bw’u Burayi. Umuyobozi mukuru w’Ikigo cy’Ikoranabuhanga mu by’Ijuru cy’u Burayi yaburiye ko hatabayeho kureba imihindagurikire y’ikirere, u Burayi bushobora gutakaza miliyari mirongo z’amadolari muri iki kinyejana, cyangwa bukarenga ingaruka mbi z’ikibazo cy’ingufu.
Ibendera ritukura rya Arctique
Ahari ingaruka zikomeye zishobora guterwa n’ubushyuhe bukabije mu Burayi ni uko umuvuduko wo gushonga kw’ibice bya Arctic uri kwiyongera.
Ikinyamakuru Washington Post kirimo gushyuha vuba cyane kurusha uko abahanga benshi babyiteze, gitanga urugero rw’ubushakashatsi bushya bwasohotse mu kinyamakuru Nature Communications-The Earth and the Environment (ikinyamakuru Nature Communications Earth and Environment), nk’uko CCTV News ibitangaza.
Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko Arctique ari imwe mu turere dushyuha cyane ku isi, aho ibirwa bya Svalbard bya Arctique byagize ukwezi gushyuha cyane kwa Kamena. Hari igihe ubushyuhe muri Arctique bwazamutse bugera kuri dogere selisiyusi 32.5 muri Nyakanga.
Ku rundi ruhande, ubushakashatsi bwasesenguye imiterere y’ubushyuhe muri Arctique kuva mu 1979 kugeza 2021, busanga ubushyuhe mu bice bya Arctique biri mu Nyanja ya Arctique, cyane cyane mu Nyanja ya Barents, bwari bukubye inshuro ndwi impuzandengo y’isi.
Ubushyuhe bukabije bwo mu nyanja ya Arctique bwigeze gutera isi ubwoba, kandi ingingo ivuga ngo "Arctique ishobora kwambara amaboko magufi" yabaye ingingo ishyushye cyane.
Amakuru mashya agaragaza ko ubushyuhe bw’umwaka mu karere k’inyanja ya Barents bwazamutseho dogere selisiyusi 2.7 buri myaka 10 mu myaka 20 kugeza kuri 40 ishize, bigatuma inyanja ya Barents n’ibirwa byayo biba ahantu hashyuha vuba ku Isi.
Ubushyuhe bwinshi nk’ubwo burimo kwihutisha gushonga kw’ibice bya glacier byo muri Arctique. Mu mpera za Nyakanga, toni miliyari 40 z’urubura muri Svalbard yo muri Arctique zari zashongeshejwe mu nyanja, nk’uko bigaragazwa n’amakuru aheruka y’ubushakashatsi bwavuye mu kinyamakuru Nature Communications-Earth and the Environment.
Byongeye kandi, urubura rutwikiriye Greenland, ikirwa kinini ku isi, rurimo gushonga vuba. Abashakashatsi bo muri Kaminuza ya Texas bavuze ko igipimo cyose cy'urubura rwa Greenland cyashonze gitangaje bitewe n'ubushyuhe buri kwiyongera, ndetse n'urubura ruri imbere yabo rwumva.
Nk’uko amakuru yemewe abivuga, igice kinini cya Groenland giherereye mu gace ka Arctique, kandi hafi 80 ku ijana by’ikirwa gitwikiriwe n’urubura, rukaba ari rwo rwa kabiri ku isi runini, rufite hafi kilometero kare miliyoni 1.8, nyuma y’urubura rwa Antartica, kandi ubushyuhe bw’umwaka buri munsi ya dogere selisiyusi 0.
Kuva muri Kamena kugeza mu ntangiriro za Nzeri, ni igihe cyo kwimura urubura rwa Greenland. Ariko kuva muri Nyakanga 2022, ubushyuhe bwinshi budasanzwe mu Burayi bwatumye urubura rushonga cyane muri Greenland. Abashakashatsi baburiye ko niba ingaruka mbi z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere, nk’ubushyuhe bwinshi, zikomeje, urubura rwa Greenland rushobora gushonga cyane, kandi urugero rw’inyanja ku isi rushobora kwiyongeraho metero 7.5, nk’uko abashakashatsi babivuze.
Ikibazo gikomeye cyane mu Burengerazuba bwa Amerika
Hirya no hino mu nyanja, Amerika nayo ihanganye n'amapfa akomeye.
Hafi 6 ku ijana by'uburengerazuba bwa Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika birarutse cyane, nk'uko bigaragazwa n'igihombo gikomeye mu bihingwa n'ibyatsi byo mu gace, nk'uko bigaragazwa na US Drought Monitor (USDM), ndetse n'ibura ry'amazi muri rusange.
Byongeye kandi, 23 ku ijana by'uburengerazuba bwa Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika biri mu mapfa akabije, biri munsi y' "amapfa akabije"; 26 ku ijana biri mu mapfa akabije, ibura ry'amazi rizahora ribaho, kandi inzego z'ibanze zizashyiraho amabwiriza yo kubuza amazi.
Ibyo bivuze ko 55 ku ijana by'uburengerazuba bwa Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika ubu biri hejuru y'amapfa akomeye. Ibitangazamakuru byinshi byo muri Amerika byavuze ko ari amapfa mabi cyane mu myaka irenga 200 ishize.
By’umwihariko, leta ituwe cyane, —— Kaliforuniya, ifite 100% by’uturere twayo twavuzweho amapfa, aho 97.5% byayo byahuye n’amapfa akomeye cyangwa arenga.
Abaturage bo mu majyepfo ya California basabwe kugabanya ikoreshwa ry’amazi ho 20%, mu gihe Guverineri Gavin Newsom yavuze mu nama yabereye mu mpera za Nyakanga ko hakenewe akazi kenshi ku micungire y’amazi, kandi uburyo bwo kuyageraho, kuyabika no kuyakwirakwiza bizasaba leta gukorana.
Byongeye kandi, ikiyaga cya Mead, ikigega kinini cyane muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, nacyo cyavuze ko amazi yagabanutse cyane mu myaka 20 ishize, nk'uko byagaragajwe n'amashusho ya satelite yashyizwe ahagaragara na NASA mu mpera za Nyakanga. Ku ya 18 Nyakanga, ikiyaga cya Midd cyari 27% gusa by'amazi ntarengwa, kikaba ari cyo cyari kiri hasi cyane kuva mu 1937.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-18-2022