Ubushushu obungaqhelekanga kunye nemozulu eyomileyo zibonakala ziyingozi kakhulu.
Eyokuqala yiYurophu, yongeza ingxaki yokutya. Ingxelo yamva nje yenkampani enkulu yaseFransi ecebisa ngezolimo iStrategie Grains ilindele ukuba imveliso yombona ye-EU yehle iye kwiitoni ezingama-55.4 ezigidi kwixesha lokulima lika-2022-2023, mhlawumbi elona nqanaba liphantsi kwiminyaka eli-15, lehle ngaphezulu kwama-20 eepesenti ukusuka kunyaka ophelileyo. Ekwindla nasebusika buka-2022, amaxabiso okutya e-EU anokunyuka kwakhona.IiMini Reflectors, Iziqhagamsheli ze-Idc kwaye Izinto ezibonisa amavili ebhayisekile kufuneka kuqatshelwe.
IZiko loPhando eliHlangeneyo leKhomishini yaseYurophu lilumkisile ukuba iYurophu isenokuba nembalela embi kakhulu kwiminyaka emalunga nama-500. Ngokwahlukileyo, u-Aschbacher, umlawuli jikelele we-European Space Agency, uthe ukuba utshintsho lwemozulu aluxatyiswa, iYurophu ingabiza amashumi eebhiliyoni zeerandi kule nkulungwane.
Mhlawumbi eyona mngcipheko mkhulu onokubakho kumaqondo obushushu agqithisileyo eYurophu kukuba izinga lokunyibilika kweqhwa laseArctic liyakhawuleza. Ixesha lendawo nge-11 ka-Agasti, iposti yaseWashington icaphule unxibelelwano lwendalo-umhlaba kunye nokusingqongileyo, uphando lwamva nje luthe ukufudumala kweArctic kukhawuleza kakhulu kunokuba izazinzulu ezininzi bezilindele, iArctic yenye yezona ndawo zimbi kakhulu zokufudumala kwehlabathi, ekupheleni kukaJulayi, iSvalbard yaseArctic eneetoni ezingama-40 zeebhiliyoni zomkhenkce zinyibilikile elwandle.
I-United States ikwajongene nembalela enkulu. Ngokwedatha yamva nje evela kwi-US Drought Monitor, ama-55 ekhulwini entshona ye-United States ngoku angaphezulu kwenqanaba lembalela enzima. Amajelo eendaba aliqela aseMelika athi yayiyeyona mbalela imbi kakhulu ekusekweni kwayo kwiminyaka engaphezu kwama-200.
IYurophu ngequbuliso "yakhala isilumkiso"
Ubushushu obuphezulu obungaqhelekanga kunye nemozulu eyomileyo zenze ingxaki yokutya yanda kakhulu eYurophu.
Ingxelo yamva nje yenkampani enkulu yaseFransi ecebisa ngezolimo iStrategie Grains iqikelela ukuba imveliso yombona ye-EU iya kwehla iye kwiitoni ezingama-55.4 ezigidi kwixesha lokulima lika-2022-2023, mhlawumbi elona nqanaba liphantsi kwiminyaka eli-15, kunye nokwehla okungaphezulu kwama-20 eepesenti unyaka nonyaka. Olu qikelelo lwehle nge-15 ekhulwini ukusuka kwi-65.4 yezigidi zeetoni ngoJulayi, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba kukho umngcipheko wembalela.
Ingxelo ithi amathuba okuvunwa kombona ngo-2022 kulo lonke elaseYurophu ayawohloka kakhulu, kwaye aza kufikelela kwimveliso ephantsi ukusukela ngo-2007.
Imbono yemveliso kwezinye izityalo nayo ayithembisi. I-Strategie Grains iqikelela ukuba imveliso yengqolowa iyonke ye-EU iya kwehla nge-8.5 ekhulwini kwixesha lesivuno lika-2022-2023. Phakathi kwazo, imveliso yengqolowa ethambileyo kulindeleke ukuba yehle nge-5 ekhulwini ukuya kwi-123.3 yezigidi zeetoni, ngelixa imveliso yerhasi kulindeleke ukuba yehle nge-3.7 ekhulwini ukuya kwi-50 yezigidi zeetoni, zombini zingaphantsi komndilili weminyaka emihlanu.
Isizathu sokungabi nathemba okunjalo kukuba le mbalela ingaqhelekanga ichaphazele phantse bonke abathengisi bokutya abaphambili be-EU: iFransi, iSpain, i-Itali, iJamani, kunye nabanye, kwintshona nakumzantsi-mpuma weYurophu, ezingakhange zibe nemvula ingako kangangeenyanga ezimbini.
Abalimi berayisi base-Itali bathi izithole ziyafa kwaye ziyafa kwimozulu eshushu neyomileyo, nto leyo evelise kuphela ama-30 ekhulwini onyaka ophelileyo.
ISpain, ebonelela nge-50% yeoyile yomnquma yehlabathi, ayizange ikhuseleke. UMphathiswa wezoLimo waseSpain uLuis Planas ulumkisile ukuba isivuno somnquma salo nyaka siza kuba sezantsi kakhulu kunakwiminyaka edlulileyo, eqikelela ukuba imveliso yomnquma iza kwehla ngesithathu.
Ukwehla okukhulu kwemveliso yengqolowa kuya kuchaphazela ukubonelelwa kokutya kwi-EU, njengoko iStrategie Grains iqikelela ukuba kuza kubakho umsantsa weetoni ezili-100,000 kunye neetoni ezingama-200,000 ngo-2022.
Ngenxa yoko, uqikelelo lokutya lwaseYurophu sele luqikelela ukuba amaxabiso okutya kwi-EU asenokuqhubeka nokunyuka ekwindla nasebusika bowama-2022.
Ukongeza, iindawo ezithile zase-US Midwest, eyona mveliso inkulu yombona ehlabathini, nazo zithwaxwa yimozulu eshushu neyomileyo, nto leyo ebangela inkxalabo malunga nokuncitshiswa kwemveliso yazo.
Imveliso yengqolowa yehlabathi jikelele kulindeleke ukuba yehle kulo nyaka, apho imveliso yengqolowa inokuthi yehle nge-0.8% ukuya kwi-738.4 yezigidi zeetoni kwaye imveliso yombona yehle nge-3.6% ukuya kwi-1.13 yeebhiliyoni zeetoni, ngokutsho kweStrategie Grains.
Isilumkiso samva nje: imbalela embi kakhulu kwiminyaka engama-500
Okuxhalabisa ngakumbi kukuba, imbalela eYurophu isenokuqhubeka, ingaze ikhuphe nethuba lokuba imeko ibe mandundu ngakumbi.
Ngokwedatha yamva nje evela kwi-European Drought Observatory, ama-47 ekhulwini omhlaba we-EU ngoku uphantsi kwesilumkiso sembalela, ngelixa ama-17 ekhulwini sele ekwinqanaba eliphezulu. Ngokubanzi, ngaphezulu kwama-60% omhlaba we-EU ukwingxaki ebangelwa yimbalela.
IYurophu isenokuba nembalela embi kakhulu kwiminyaka emalunga nama-500, njengoko kwalumkiswa nguAndrea, umphandi oqokelela idatha ye-European Drought Observatory, ngokutsho kweSky News.
UAndrea ubonise ukuba imbalela yaseYurophu ngo-2018 yayinzima kakhulu, kwaye ubuncinane bekungekho mbalela ifanayo kwiminyaka engama-500 edlulileyo, nto leyo ngamava ayo inokuba nkulu kakhulu kunango-2018.
Kumazwe ahlukeneyo, imbalela eSpain imbi kakhulu. Umthamo wamanzi aseSpain uqhubekile nokwehla ukusukela ngo-Agasti, ushiya kuphela ama-40 ekhulwini omthamo wawo, amanqaku angama-20 ekhulwini ngaphantsi komthamo oqhelekileyo wexesha elifanayo kwiminyaka elishumi edlulileyo.
I-Itali ikwangomnye weyona ichaphazeleke kakhulu yimbalela, apho umlambo omkhulu, uMlambo i-Po, oye wehla waya kwinqanaba eliphantsi kwiminyaka engama-70. Urhulumente ubhengeze imeko yongxamiseko kummandla woMlambo i-Po, obangela ngaphezu kwesithathu semveliso yezolimo yase-Itali.
IFransi ithwaxwa yimbalela embi kakhulu kwimbali, echaphazela kakhulu amanzi okusela, ukunkcenkceshela kwezolimo kunye nobonelelo lwamandla, kunye namanzi kwizixeko needolophu ezingaphezu kwe-100. Abalimi basekuhlaleni balumkisile ukuba ubisi olufumaneka kwimarike lunokuchaphazela ubusika ukuba imbalela iyaqhubeka.
Le mbalela ingaqhelekanga ibangela uthotho lweziphumo ezimbi kuqoqosho lwaseYurophu. Umlawuli-jikelele we-European Space Agency ulumkisile ukuba ngaphandle kokujonga utshintsho lwemozulu, iYurophu ingalahlekelwa ngamashumi eebhiliyoni zeerandi kule nkulungwane, okanye idlule iziphumo ezimbi zengxaki yamandla.
Iiflegi ezibomvu zeArctic
Mhlawumbi eyona mngcipheko mkhulu onokubakho kumaqondo obushushu agqithisileyo eYurophu kukuba izinga lokunyibilika kweqhwa laseArctic liyanda.
Iphephandaba iWashington Post likhawuleza kakhulu kunokuba izazinzulu ezininzi bezilindele, licaphula uphando olutsha olupapashwe kwiphephancwadi iNature Communications-The Earth and the Environment (iphephancwadi iNature Communications Earth and Environment), ngokutsho kweCCTV News.
Izifundo zibonisa ukuba iArctic yenye yezona ndawo zishushu kakhulu kwihlabathi, apho iziqithi zaseSvalbard zaseArctic zifumene inyanga eshushu kakhulu kaJuni. Ngaxa lithile, ubushushu kwiArctic Circle benyuke bafikelela kuma-32.5 degrees Celsius ngoJulayi.
Ngokwahlukileyo, olu phononongo luhlalutye iindlela zobushushu kwiArctic Circle ukususela ngo-1979 ukuya ku-2021 kwaye lwafumanisa ukuba ukufudumala kwiindawo zase-Eurasia zoLwandlekazi lweArctic, ingakumbi kuLwandle lwaseBarents, kuphindwe kasixhenxe kunomyinge wehlabathi.
Ubushushu obugqithisileyo eArctic bakha benza ihlabathi laba nexhala, kwaye umxholo othi "IArctic sele inxibe imikhono emifutshane" uye waba ngumxholo oshushu.
Idatha entsha ibonisa ukuba ubushushu obuqhelekileyo bonyaka kummandla woLwandle lwaseBarents bunyuke ngama-2.7 degrees Celsius rhoqo emva kweminyaka eli-10 kwiminyaka engama-20 ukuya kwengama-40 edlulileyo, nto leyo eyenza uLwandle lwaseBarents kunye neziqithi zalo zibe yindawo eshushu ngokukhawuleza eMhlabeni.
Amaqondo obushushu aphezulu kangaka akhawulezisa ukunyibilika kweqhwa laseArctic. Ekupheleni kukaJulayi, iitoni ezingama-40 eebhiliyoni zomkhenkce kwiSvalbard yaseArctic zazisele zinyibilikile zaya kulwandle, ngokutsho kwedatha yamva nje yophando oluvela kwiphephancwadi iNature Communications-Earth and the Environment.
Ukongeza, i-ice sheet egqume iGreenland, isiqithi esikhulu kwihlabathi, iyanyibilika ngokukhawuleza. Abaphandi kwiYunivesithi yaseTexas bathi inani lilonke lokunyibilika kwe-ice sheet yaseGreenland liyamangalisa ngenxa yokunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu, kwaye nomkhenkce unyibilika phambi kwabo uvakala.
Ngokutsho kwemithombo esemthethweni, uninzi lweGreenland lukwiArctic Circle, kwaye malunga nama-80 ekhulwini esi siqithi sigqunywe ngamaqhekeza omkhenkce, eyesibini ngobukhulu emhlabeni, igubungela phantse i-1.8 yezigidi zeekhilomitha zesikwere, emva kwe-Antarctica ice sheet, kwaye ubushushu obuqhelekileyo bonyaka bungaphantsi kwama-0 degrees Celsius.
Ukususela ngoJuni ukuya ekuqaleni kukaSeptemba, lixesha lokuphelelwa ngamanzi komkhenkce eGreenland. Kodwa ukusukela ngoJulayi 2022, amaqondo obushushu aphezulu ngokungaqhelekanga eYurophu akhawulezise ukunyibilika komkhenkce eGreenland. Abaphandi balumkisile ukuba ukuba iziphumo ezimbi zotshintsho lwemozulu, ezifana namaqondo obushushu aphezulu, ziyaqhubeka, umkhenkce waseGreenland unokunyibilika ngakumbi, kwaye amanqanaba olwandle lwehlabathi anokunyuka ngeemitha ezi-7.5, batsho abaphandi.
Eyona ngxaki inkulu eNtshona Melika
Ngaphesheya kolwandle, i-US ikwajongene nembalela enkulu.
Malunga neepesenti ezi-6 zentshona ye-United States zomile kakhulu, njengoko kuchazwa kukulahlekelwa okukhulu kwizityalo zasekuhlaleni kunye namadlelo, ngokutsho kwe-US Drought Monitor (USDM), kunye nokunqongophala kwamanzi ngokubanzi.
Ukongeza, ama-23 ekhulwini entshona ye-United States akwimbalela enkulu, ebekwe ngaphantsi "kwembalela enkulu"; ama-26 ekhulwini akwimbalela enkulu, ukunqongophala kwamanzi kuya kwenzeka rhoqo, kwaye oorhulumente basekuhlaleni baya kubeka imiqathango yamanzi.
Oko kuthetha ukuba ama-55 ekhulwini entshona ye-United States okwangoku aphezu kwembalela enkulu. Amajelo eendaba aliqela aseMelika athi yeyona mbalela imbi kakhulu ekusekweni kwayo kwiminyaka engaphezu kwama-200.
Ngokukodwa, ilizwe elinabantu abaninzi, iCalifornia, line-100% yemimandla yalo ebike ukuba inembalela, apho i-97.5% ijongene nembalela enzima okanye ngaphezulu.
Abemi baseMzantsi California baceliwe ukuba banciphise ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi ngama-20 ekhulwini, ngelixa uRhuluneli uGavin Newsom uthe kwintlanganiso yasekupheleni kukaJulayi ukuba kufuneka umsebenzi omninzi kwimithombo yamanzi, kwaye indlela yokufikelela, ukugcina kunye nokusasaza amanzi iya kufuna ukuba urhulumente usebenzisane.
Ukongeza, iLake Mead, eyona ndawo inkulu yokugcina amanzi eMelika, nayo yakhala isilumkiso. ILake Mead yehle kakhulu kwiminyaka engama-20 edlulileyo, ngokutsho kwemifanekiso yesathelayithi ekhutshwe yiNASA ekupheleni kukaJulayi. Ukusukela nge-18 kaJulayi, iLake Midd yayingama-27% kuphela olona nqanaba luphezulu lwamanzi, elona nqanaba liphantsi ukusukela ngo-1937.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Agasti-18-2022