Ukushisa okukhulu okungavamile kanye nesimo sezulu esomile kukhombisa uhlangothi oluyingozi kakhulu.
Eyokuqala yiYurophu, enezela inkinga yokudla. Umbiko wakamuva wenkampani enkulu yaseFrance eluleka ngezolimo iStrategie Grains ulindele ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kommbila e-EU kwehle kufike kumathani ayizigidi ezingu-55.4 esikhathini sokulima sika-2022-2023, mhlawumbe izinga eliphansi kakhulu eminyakeni engu-15, lehle ngamaphesenti angaphezu kuka-20 kusukela onyakeni odlule. Ekwindla nasebusika buka-2022, amanani okudla e-EU angaphinde akhuphuke.Ama-Mini Reflectors, Izixhumi ze-Idc futhi Izibonisi Zesondo Lebhayisikili kufanele kuqashelwe.
I-Joint Research Center yeKhomishini yaseYurophu ixwayise ngokuthi iYurophu ingase ibhekane nesomiso esibi kakhulu eminyakeni engaba ngu-500. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, u-Aschbacher, umqondisi-jikelele we-European Space Agency, uthe uma ushintsho lwesimo sezulu lungabhekwa njengenani, iYurophu ingabiza amashumi ezigidigidi zamaRandi kuleli khulu leminyaka.
Mhlawumbe ingozi enkulu engaba khona emazingeni okushisa aphakeme eYurophu ukuthi izinga lokuncibilika kweqhwa lase-Arctic liyashesha. Isikhathi sendawo ngo-Agasti 11, i-Washington post icaphune ukuxhumana kwemvelo - umhlaba kanye nemvelo, ucwaningo lwakamuva luthe ukufudumala kwe-Arctic kushesha kakhulu kunalokho ososayensi abaningi ababekulindele, i-Arctic ingenye yezindawo ezishisa kakhulu emhlabeni, ekupheleni kukaJulayi, i-Arctic Svalbard amathani ayizigidigidi ezingu-40 eqhwa ancibilike olwandle.
I-United States nayo ibhekene nesomiso esikhulu. Ngokusho kwedatha yakamuva evela ku-US Drought Monitor, amaphesenti angu-55 entshonalanga ye-United States manje asengaphezulu kwezinga lesomiso esibi kakhulu. Imithombo yezindaba eminingana yase-US ithe kwakuyisomiso esibi kakhulu ekusungulweni kweminyaka engaphezu kuka-200.
IYurophu ngokuzumayo "yakhala i-alamu"
Izinga lokushisa eliphakeme elingavamile kanye nesimo sezulu esomile kwenze inkinga yokudla yaseYurophu yaba yimbi kakhulu.
Umbiko wakamuva wenkampani enkulu yaseFrance enikeza abeluleki bezolimo iStrategie Grains ubikezela ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kommbila e-EU kuzokwehla kuye kumathani ayizigidi ezingu-55.4 esikhathini sokulima sika-2022-2023, mhlawumbe izinga eliphansi kakhulu eminyakeni engu-15, kanye nokwehla okungaphezu kwamaphesenti angu-20 unyaka nonyaka. Lesi sibikezelo sehle ngamaphesenti angu-15 sisuka kumathani ayizigidi ezingu-65.4 ngoJulayi, okuphakamisa usongo lwesomiso.
Umbiko uthi amathuba okuvunwa kommbila ngo-2022 kulo lonke elaseYurophu ayawohloka kakhulu, futhi azofinyelela umkhiqizo ophansi kakhulu kusukela ngo-2007.
Umbono wokukhiqiza kwezinye izitshalo nawo awuthembisi. I-Strategie Grains ibikezela ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kokusanhlamvu okuphelele kwe-EU kuzokwehla ngamaphesenti angu-8.5 esikhathini sokulima sika-2022-2023. Phakathi kwazo, ukukhiqizwa kukakolweni othambile kulindeleke ukuthi kwehle ngamaphesenti angu-5 kuya kumathani ayizigidi ezingu-123.3, kanti ukukhiqizwa kwebhali kulindeleke ukuthi kwehle ngamaphesenti angu-3.7 kuya kumathani ayizigidi ezingu-50, kokubili kungaphansi kwesilinganiso seminyaka emihlanu.
Isizathu sokuphelelwa yithemba okunjalo ukuthi lesi sigaba esingavamile sesomiso sithinte cishe bonke abahlinzeki bokudla abakhulu be-EU: iFrance, iSpain, i-Italy, iJalimane, nabanye, entshonalanga naseningizimu-mpumalanga yeYurophu, okungazange kube nemvula enkulu cishe izinyanga ezimbili.
Abalimi belayisi base-Italy bathi izithombo ziyafa futhi ziyafa esimweni sezulu esishisayo nesomile, okukhiqiza amaphesenti angu-30 kuphela onyaka odlule.
ISpain, ehlinzeka ngamafutha omnqumo angu-50% emhlabeni, ayizange ivikeleke. UNgqongqoshe Wezolimo waseSpain uLuis Planas uxwayise ngokuthi isivuno somnqumo salo nyaka sizoba siphansi kakhulu kunaseminyakeni edlule, ebikezela ukuthi ukukhiqizwa komnqumo kuzokwehla ngengxenye yesithathu.
Ukwehla okukhulu kokukhiqizwa kokusanhlamvu kuzothinta ukutholakala kokudla kwe-EU, njengoba i-Strategie Grains ibikezela igebe lamathani ayi-100,000 namathani angu-200,000 ngo-2022.
Ngenxa yalokho, isibikezelo sokudla saseYurophu sesivele sibikezela ukuthi amanani okudla e-EU angase aqhubeke nokwenyuka ekwindla nasebusika buka-2022.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izingxenye ze-US Midwest, umkhiqizi omkhulu wommbila emhlabeni, nazo zihlushwa isimo sezulu esishisayo nesomile, okuphakamisa ukukhathazeka mayelana nokuncipha komkhiqizo wazo.
Ukukhiqizwa kokusanhlamvu emhlabeni wonke kulindeleke ukuthi kwehle kulo nyaka, lapho ukukhiqizwa kukakolweni kungenzeka kwehle ngamaphesenti angu-0.8 kuya kumathani ayizigidi ezingu-738.4 kanye nokukhiqizwa kommbila kwehle ngamaphesenti angu-3.6 kuya kumathani ayizigidigidi ezingu-1.13, ngokusho kwe-Strategie Grains.
Isexwayiso sakamuva: isomiso esibi kakhulu eminyakeni engu-500
Okukhathaza kakhulu ukuthi isomiso eYurophu singase siqhubeke, singakususi ngisho nethuba lokuwohloka okuqhubekayo.
Ngokusho kwedatha yakamuva evela kwi-European Drought Observatory, amaphesenti angu-47 omhlaba we-EU manje usengaphansi kwesixwayiso sesomiso, kanti amaphesenti angu-17 asevele esezingeni eliphezulu. Sekukonke, ngaphezu kuka-60% womhlaba we-EU usenkingeni ebangelwa yisomiso.
IYurophu ingase ihlushwe yisomiso esibi kakhulu eminyakeni engaba ngu-500, njengoba kuxwayisiwe ngu-Andrea, umcwaningi oqoqa idatha ye-European Drought Observatory, kubika i-Sky News.
U-Andrea ukhombe ukuthi isomiso saseYurophu ngo-2018 sasinzima kakhulu, nokuthi okungenani bekungekho somiso esifanayo eminyakeni engu-500 edlule, okuyinto ngokolwazi lwayo engaba yingozi kakhulu kunango-2018.
Emazweni ahlukene, isomiso eSpain sibi kakhulu. Amandla okugcina amanzi eSpain aqhubekile nokwehla kusukela ngo-Agasti, eshiya amaphesenti angu-40 kuphela amandla ayo, amaphuzu angu-20 ngaphansi kwamandla ajwayelekile enkathini efanayo eminyakeni eyishumi edlule.
I-Italy nayo ingenye yezindawo ezithinteke kakhulu yisomiso, njengoba kunomfula omkhulu kunayo yonke, uMfula i-—— Po, owehle waba sezingeni eliphansi kakhulu eminyakeni engu-70. Uhulumeni umemezele isimo esiphuthumayo esifundeni soMfula i-Po, esikhiqiza ngaphezu kwengxenye yesithathu yomkhiqizo wezolimo wase-Italy.
IFrance ihlushwa yisomiso esibi kakhulu emlandweni, esithinta kakhulu amanzi okuphuza, ukunisela kwezolimo kanye nokunikezwa kwamandla, kanye namanzi emadolobheni nasemadolobheni angaphezu kwe-100. Abalimi bendawo baxwayise ngokuthi ukutholakala kobisi emakethe kungathinteka kulobu busika uma isomiso siqhubeka.
Lesi somiso esingavamile sibangela uchungechunge lwemiphumela emibi emnothweni waseYurophu. Umqondisi-jikelele we-European Space Agency uxwayise ngokuthi ngaphandle kokuqaphela ushintsho lwesimo sezulu, iYurophu ingalahlekelwa amashumi ezigidigidi zamaRandi kuleli khulu leminyaka, noma idlule imiphumela emibi yenkinga yamandla.
Amafulegi abomvu e-Arctic
Mhlawumbe ingozi enkulu engaba khona emazingeni okushisa aphezulu eYurophu ukuthi izinga lokuncibilika kweqhwa lase-Arctic liyashesha.
I-Washington Post ishisa ngokushesha kakhulu kunalokho ososayensi abaningi abebekulindele, icaphuna ucwaningo olusha olushicilelwe kumagazini i-Nature Communications-The Earth and the Environment (iphephabhuku i-Nature Communications Earth and Environment), ngokusho kwe-CCTV News.
Izifundo zibonisa ukuthi i-Arctic ingenye yezindawo ezishisa kakhulu emhlabeni, lapho iziQhingi zaseSvalbard zase-Arctic zibhekene nenyanga eshisa kakhulu kaJuni emlandweni. Ngesinye isikhathi, izinga lokushisa e-Arctic Circle lenyuke laya kuma-degree Celsius angu-32.5 ngoJulayi.
Ngokwehlukana, ucwaningo luhlaziye izitayela zokushisa e-Arctic Circle kusukela ngo-1979 kuya ku-2021 futhi lwathola ukuthi ukufudumala ezingxenyeni zase-Eurasia ze-Arctic Ocean, ikakhulukazi oLwandle iBarents, kwakuphindwe kasikhombisa kunesilinganiso somhlaba wonke.
Ukushisa okukhulu e-Arctic kwake kwenza umhlaba waba novalo, futhi isihloko esithi "I-Arctic isivele igqoke imikhono emifushane" sesibe yisihloko esishisayo.
Idatha entsha ikhombisa ukuthi izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile lonyaka esifundeni saseBarents Sea likhuphuke ngama-degree Celsius angu-2.7 njalo eminyakeni eyi-10 eminyakeni engama-20 kuya kwengama-40 edlule, okwenza uLwandle iBarents neziqhingi zalo kube yindawo efudumele ngokushesha eMhlabeni.
Amazinga okushisa aphezulu kangaka asheshisa ukuncibilika kweqhwa lase-Arctic. Ekupheleni kukaJulayi, amathani ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-40 eqhwa e-Arctic Svalbard ayesencibilike olwandle, ngokusho kwedatha yakamuva yocwaningo evela kumagazini i-Nature Communications-Earth and the Environment.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, iqhwa elimboze iGreenland, isiqhingi esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni, liyancibilika ngokushesha. Abacwaningi eNyuvesi yaseTexas bathi inani eliphelele lokuncibilika kweqhwa laseGreenland liyamangaza ngenxa yokushisa okunyukayo, ngisho neqhwa elincibilika phambi kwabo lizwakala.
Ngokusho kwemithombo esemthethweni, ingxenye enkulu yeGreenland itholakala e-Arctic Circle, futhi cishe amaphesenti angama-80 esiqhingi ambozwe yiqhwa, elesibili ngobukhulu emhlabeni, elihlanganisa cishe amakhilomitha-skwele ayizigidi ezingu-1.8, ngemva kweqhwa lase-Antarctica, kanti izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile lonyaka lingaphansi kwama-degree Celsius angu-0.
Kusukela ngoJuni kuya ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba, yisikhathi sokuqothulwa kweqhwa laseGreenland. Kodwa kusukela ngoJulayi 2022, amazinga okushisa aphezulu ngokungavamile eYurophu asheshise ukuncibilika kweqhwa eGreenland. Abacwaningi baxwayise ngokuthi uma imiphumela emibi yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, njengamazinga okushisa aphezulu, iqhwa laseGreenland lingancibilika kakhulu, futhi amazinga olwandle emhlabeni wonke angakhuphuka ngamamitha angu-7.5, kusho abacwaningi.
Inkinga enkulu kunazo zonke eNtshonalanga yaseMelika
Ngaphesheya kolwandle, i-US nayo ibhekene nesomiso esikhulu.
Cishe amaphesenti ayi-6 entshonalanga ye-United States ayomile kakhulu, njengoba kuchazwa ukulahlekelwa okukhulu kwezitshalo nasemadlelweni endawo, ngokusho kwe-US Drought Monitor (USDM), kanye nokuntuleka kwamanzi okuphelele.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaphesenti angama-23 entshonalanga ye-United States asesomisoni esibi kakhulu, ebekwe ngaphansi "kwesomiso esibi kakhulu"; amaphesenti angama-26 asesomisoni esibi kakhulu, ukushoda kwamanzi kuzokwenzeka njalo, futhi ohulumeni basekhaya bazobeka imingcele yamanzi.
Lokho kusho ukuthi amaphesenti angu-55 entshonalanga ye-United States okwamanje angaphansi kwesomiso esibi kakhulu. Imithombo yezindaba eminingana yase-US ithe kwakuyisomiso esibi kakhulu ekusungulweni kweminyaka engaphezu kuka-200.
Ikakhulukazi, isifundazwe esinabantu abaningi kakhulu, i-—— iCalifornia, sinezindawo eziyi-100% ezibikiwe ngesomiso, kanti ezingama-97.5% zibhekene nesomiso esinzima noma ngaphezulu.
Izakhamuzi zaseNingizimu California zicelwe ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi ngamaphesenti angu-20, kanti uRhuluneli uGavin Newsom uthe emhlanganweni wasekupheleni kukaJulayi ukuthi kudingeka umsebenzi owengeziwe ngemithombo yamanzi, nokuthi indlela yokuyithola, ukuyigcina nokuyisabalalisa izodinga ukuthi umbuso usebenzisane.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, iLake Mead, okuyidamu elikhulu kunawo wonke e-United States, nayo yakhala ngesaziso. I-Water Lake Mead yehle kakhulu eminyakeni engama-20 edlule, ngokusho kwezithombe zesathelayithi ezikhishwe yi-NASA ngasekupheleni kukaJulayi. Kusukela ngoJulayi 18, iLake Midd yayingama-27% kuphela enani layo eliphezulu lamanzi, okuyizinga eliphansi kakhulu kusukela ngo-1937.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Agasti-18-2022