Kupisa kwakanyanya uye mamiriro ekunze asina kunyanya kuoma ndizvo zvinoratidza divi rine njodzi zvikuru.
Yekutanga iEurope, zvichiwedzera dambudziko rechikafu. Mushumo wazvino wekambani yeFrance inoona nezvekurima inonzi Strategie Grains inotarisira kuti kugadzirwa kwechibage muEU kuchadzikira kusvika pamatani mamiriyoni makumi mashanu nemashanu nemazana mana emamiriyoni mumwaka wekurima wa2022-2023, zvichida mwero wakaderera zvikuru mumakore gumi nemashanu, wakadzikira neanopfuura makumi maviri muzana kubva mugore rapfuura. Mumatsutso nemuchando cha2022, mitengo yechikafu muEU inogona kukwira zvakare.Zviratidziro Zvidiki, Zvinobatanidza zveIdc uye Zviratidziri zveMavhiri ebhasikoro zvinofanira kucherechedzwa.
Sangano reEuropean Commission's Joint Research Center rakayambira kuti Europe inogona kusangana nekusanaya kwemvura kwakanyanya mumakore angangoita mazana mashanu. Pamwe chete, Aschbacher, mukuru weEuropean Space Agency, akati kana shanduko yemamiriro ekunze ikasakosheswa, Europe inogona kudhura mabhiriyoni emadhora zana rino remakore.
Pamwe njodzi huru inogona kuitika pakupisa kwakanyanya muEurope ndeyekuti mwero wekunyunguduka kwechando cheArctic uri kuwedzera. Nguva yemuno musi wa11 Nyamavhuvhu, Washington post yakatora mashoko ekutaurirana kwechisikigo - nyika nezvakatipoteredza, tsvakiridzo yazvino yakati kupisa kweArctic kuri kukurumidza kupfuura zvaitarisirwa nevesainzi vazhinji, Arctic ndeimwe yenzvimbo dzakanyanya kudziya pasi rose, pakupera kwaChikunguru, Arctic Svalbard ine matani mabhiriyoni makumi mana echando yanyungudika mugungwa.
United States iri kutarisanawo nekusanaya kwemvura kwakanyanya. Sekureva kwedata razvino kubva kuUS Drought Monitor, 55 muzana yekumadokero kweUnited States ikozvino yava pamusoro pedanho rekusanaya kwemvura kwakanyanya. Mapepanhau akati wandei ekuUS akati ndiyo yaive dambudziko guru rekusanaya kwemvura mukutanga kwemakore anopfuura mazana maviri.
Europe yakangoerekana "yaridza mhere"
Kupisa kwakanyanya uye mamiriro ekunze asina kujeka zvakaita kuti dambudziko rezvekudya muEurope riwedzere kuipa.
Mushumo wazvino wakaitwa nekambani yeFrance inoona nezvekurima inonzi Strategie Grains inofanotaura kuti kurimwa kwechibage muEU kuchadzikira kusvika pamatani mamiriyoni makumi mashanu nemashanu nemazana mana emamiriyoni mumwaka wekurima wa2022-2023, zvichida huwandu hwakaderera zvikuru mumakore gumi nemashanu, nekudzikira kweanopfuura makumi maviri muzana pagore. Kufanotaura uku kwadzikira negumi nemashanu muzana kubva pamatani mamiriyoni makumi matanhatu nemashanu nemazana mana muna Chikunguru, zvichiratidza njodzi yekusanaya kwemvura.
Mushumo uyu unoti mikana yekukohwa chibage muna 2022 muEurope iri kudzikira zvakanyanya, uye ichasvika padanho rakaderera kubva muna 2007.
Maonero ekurima zvimwe zvirimwa haasiwo akanaka. Strategie Grains inofanotaura kuti kurimwa kwezviyo muEU kuchaderera ne8.5 muzana mumwaka wekurima wa2022-2023. Pakati pazvo, kurimwa kwegorosi rakapfava kunotarisirwa kudzikira ne5 muzana kusvika pamatani mamiriyoni 123.3, ukuwo kurimwa kwebhari kunotarisirwa kudzikira ne3.7 muzana kusvika pamatani mamiriyoni makumi mashanu, ese ari pasi peavhareji yemakore mashanu.
Chikonzero chekusava netariro kwakadaro ndechekuti kusanaya kwemvura uku kwakakanganisa vanenge vese vatengesi vezvekudya vakuru veEU: France, Spain, Italy, Germany, nedzimwe, kumadokero nekumaodzanyemba kwepakati peEurope, uko kusina mvura yakawanda kweinenge mwedzi miviri.
Varimi vemupunga vekuItaly vanoti mbesa dziri kufa uye dziri kufa kana kuchipisa uye kusina mvura, zvichibereka 30 muzana chete yegore rapfuura.
Spain, iyo inopa 50% yemafuta emuorivhi pasi rose, haina kudzivirirwa. Gurukota rezvekurima reSpain Luis Planas vakayambira kuti goho remuorivhi regore rino richave rakaderera zvakanyanya kupfuura makore apfuura, vachifanotaura kuti goho remuorivhi richadzikira nechikamu chimwe muzvitatu.
Kudzikira kukuru kwekugadzirwa kwezviyo kuchakanganisa kuwanikwa kwechikafu muEU, Strategie Grains ichifanotaura kuti pachava nemusiyano wematani 100,000 nematani 200,000 muna 2022.
Nekuda kweizvozvo, fungidziro yechikafu chekuEurope yatofanotaura kuti mitengo yechikafu muEU inogona kuramba ichikwira mumatsutso nemuchando cha2022.
Pamusoro pezvo, dzimwe nzvimbo dzeUS Midwest, iyo inobereka chibage chikuru pasi rose, dziri kutamburawo nemamiriro ekunze anopisa uye asina mvura, zvichikonzera kushushikana nezvekudzikira kwekugadzirwa kwadzo.
Kugadzirwa kwezviyo pasi rose kunotarisirwawo kudzikira gore rino, uko kugadzirwa kwegorosi kunogona kudzikira ne0.8 muzana kusvika pamatani mamiriyoni 738.4 uye kugadzirwa kwechibage kudzikira ne3.6 muzana kusvika pamatani mabhiriyoni 1.13, sekureva kweStrategie Grains.
Yambiro yekupedzisira: kusanaya kwemvura kwakanyanya kupfuura mamwe makore mazana mashanu apfuura
Chinonyanya kutyisa ndechekuti, kusanaya kwemvura muEurope kunogona kuramba kuchienderera mberi, zvichireva kuti hapana mukana wekuti zvinhu zvirambe zvichiwedzera kuipa.
Sekureva kwedata razvino kubva kuEuropean Drought Observatory, 47 muzana yenyika yeEU yava pasi penyevero yekusanaya kwemvura, ukuwo 17 muzana yatove padanho repamusoro. Zvose, inopfuura 60% yenyika yeEU iri mudambudziko rinokonzerwa nekusanaya kwemvura.
Europe inogona kunge yakatambura nekusanaya kwemvura kwakanyanya kupfuura mamwe makore angangoita mazana mashanu apfuura, sezvakanyevera Andrea, muongorori anounganidza data reEuropean Drought Observatory, Sky News yakashuma.
Andrea akataura kuti kusanaya kwemvura muEurope muna 2018 kwaive kwakanyanya, uye kuti hapana kusanaya kwemvura kwakafanana kwakaitika mumakore mazana mashanu apfuura, uko mukuona kwayo kunogona kunge kwakanyanya kupfuura muna 2018.
Munyika dzakasiyana, kusanaya kwemvura muSpain kwakanyanya. Kugona kweSpain kuchengetedza mvura kwakaramba kuchiderera kubvira muna Nyamavhuvhu, zvichisiya 40 muzana chete yesimba rayo, 20 muzana pasi peavhareji yesimba rayo munguva imwe chete mumakore gumi apfuura.
Italy ndeimwe yenzvimbo dzakanyanya kukanganiswa nekusanaya kwemvura, ine rwizi rukuru, rwizi rwe —— Po, rwadzikira kusvika padanho rakaderera mumakore makumi manomwe. Hurumende yakazivisa mamiriro enjodzi munharaunda yeRwizi rwePo, iyo inokweretesa chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chekurima kweItaly.
France iri kutambura nekusanaya kwemvura kwakanyanya munhoroondo, kuchikanganisa zvakanyanya mvura yekunwa, kudiridza kwekurima uye magetsi, uye mvura mumaguta nemataundi anopfuura 100. Varimi vemunharaunda vakayambira kuti mukaka uri pamusika unogona kukanganiswa munguva ino yechando kana kusanaya kwemvura kukaramba kuripo.
Kusanaya kwemvura uku kuri kukonzera migumisiro yakaipa pahupfumi hweEurope. Mutungamiriri mukuru weEuropean Space Agency akanyevera kuti kana pasina kutarisa shanduko yemamiriro ekunze, Europe inogona kurasikirwa nemakumi emabhiriyoni emadhora muzana rino remakore, kana kupfuura migumisiro yakaipa yedambudziko remagetsi.
Mireza mitsvuku yeArctic
Pamwe njodzi huru inogona kuitika kumamiriro ekunze akaipisisa muEurope ndeyekuti mwero wekunyunguduka kwechando cheArctic uri kuwedzera.
Washington Post iri kupisa nekukurumidza kupfuura zvaitarisirwa nevasayendisiti vazhinji, ichitaura nezvechidzidzo chitsva chakaburitswa mumagazini inonzi Nature Communications-The Earth and the Environment (magazini inonzi Nature Communications Earth and Environment), sekureva kweCCTV News.
Ongororo dzinoratidza kuti Arctic ndeimwe yenzvimbo dzakanyanya kudziya pasi rose, uye Arctic Svalbard Islands iri kuona mwedzi waChikumi unopisa kupfuura mimwe yose. Pane imwe nguva, tembiricha muArctic Circle yakakwira kusvika pamadhigirii Celsius makumi matatu nemaviri nehafu munaChikunguru.
Pamwe chete, chidzidzo ichi chakaongorora mafambiro ekupisa muArctic Circle kubva muna 1979 kusvika 2021 uye chakaona kuti kudziya munzvimbo dzeEurasian dzeArctic Ocean, kunyanya muBarents Sea, kwakapetwa kanomwe kupfuura avhareji yepasi rose.
Kupisa kwakanyanya muArctic kwakamboita kuti nyika itye, uye nyaya yekuti "Arctic inogona kutopfeka maoko mapfupi" yave nyaya inonyanya kufarirwa.
Data idzva rinoratidza kuti avhareji yekupisa kwegore negore munzvimbo yeBarents Sea yakakwira ne2.7 degrees Celsius makore gumi ega ega mumakore makumi maviri kusvika makumi mana apfuura, zvichiita kuti Gungwa reBarents nezvitsuwa zvaro rive nzvimbo inodziya nekukurumidza pasi rose.
Kupisa kwakanyanya kwakadaro kuri kukurumidza kunyunguduka kwechando cheArctic. Pakupera kwaChikunguru, matani mabhiriyoni makumi mana echando muArctic Svalbard akanga anyunguduka kuita makungwa, zvichienderana neruzivo rwetsvagurudzo rutsva kubva mumagazini yeNature Communications-Earth and the Environment.
Pamusoro pezvo, chando chakafukidza Greenland, chitsuwa chikuru pasi rose, chiri kunyunguduka nekukurumidza. Vaongorori vepaYunivhesiti yeTexas vakati huwandu hwese hwekunyunguduka kwechando cheGreenland hwaishamisa nekuda kwekupisa kuri kukwira, kunyangwe chando chakanyunguduka pamberi pavo chichinzwika.
Sekureva kwezvinyorwa zvepamutemo, chikamu chikuru cheGreenland chiri muArctic Circle, uye chikamu chinosvika 80 muzana chechitsuwa ichi chakafukidzwa nechando, chechipiri pakukura pasi rose, chinofukidza makiromita anoda kusvika mamiriyoni 1.8, mushure mechando cheAntarctic, uye avhareji yekupisa kwegore negore iri pasi pe0 degrees Celsius.
Kubva muna Chikumi kusvika kutanga kwaGunyana, inguva yekubviswa kwechando muGreenland. Asi kubvira muna Chikunguru 2022, tembiricha dzakanyanya kukwira muEurope dzakakurumidza kunyunguduka kwechando muGreenland. Vaongorori vakayambira kuti kana migumisiro yakaipa yekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze, senge tembiricha dzakakwira, ikaramba iripo, chando muGreenland chinogona kunyunguduka zvakanyanya, uye huwandu hwegungwa pasi rose hunogona kukwira nemamita 7.5, vaongorori vakadaro.
Dambudziko guru muAmerican West
Mhiri kwegungwa, US iri kutarisanawo nekusanaya kwemvura kwakanyanya.
Inenge 6 muzana yekumadokero kweUnited States yakaoma zvakanyanya, sezvinotsanangurwa nekurasikirwa kukuru muzvirimwa nemafuro emunharaunda, zvichienderana neUS Drought Monitor (USDM), uye kushomeka kwemvura zvachose.
Pamusoro pezvo, 23 muzana yekumadokero kweUnited States iri mukusanaya kwemvura kwakanyanya, iri pasi pe "kusasanaya kwemvura kwakanyanya"; 26 muzana iri mukusanaya kwemvura kwakanyanya, kushomeka kwemvura kunoitika nguva nenguva, uye hurumende dzemuno dzichaisa mitemo yemvura.
Izvi zvinoreva kuti 55 muzana yenzvimbo dziri kumadokero kweUnited States parizvino dziri pamusoro pekusanaya kwemvura kwakanyanya. Mapepanhau akati wandei ekuUS akati ndiko kusanaya kwemvura kwakanyanya kupfuura kwati kwamboitika mumakore anopfuura mazana maviri apfuura.
Zvikuru sei, dunhu rine vanhu vakawanda, —— California, rine 100 muzana yematunhu aro akashumwa kusanaya kwemvura, ne97.5 muzana iri kusangana nekusanaya kwemvura kwakanyanya kana kupfuura.
Vagari vekuSouthern California vakakumbirwa kuderedza kushandiswa kwemvura ne20 muzana, ukuwo Gavhuna Gavin Newsom akataura pamusangano wekupera kwaChikunguru kuti basa rakawanda rinodiwa pakushandisa mvura, uye kuti nzira yekuiwana, kuichengeta nekuigovera zvinoda kuti nyika ishande pamwe chete.
Pamusoro pezvo, Lake Mead, dziva guru muUnited States, rakaridzawo nyevero. Water Lake Mead yadzikira zvakanyanya mumakore makumi maviri apfuura, zvichienderana nemifananidzo yesatellite yakaburitswa neNASA pakupera kwaChikunguru. Kubva munaChikunguru 18, Lake Midd yaive 27% chete yehuwandu hwemvura hwayo hwepamusoro, huwandu hwakaderera kubva muna 1937.
Nguva yekutumira: Nyamavhuvhu-18-2022