Nyuma y'amezi arenga 9 y'imikino igoye, ku ya 24 Ukuboza, ku isaha yo mu gihugu, Ubwongereza n'Umuryango w'Ubumwe bw'u Burayi byumvikanye ku mugaragaro ku masezerano y'ubucuruzi ya Brexit. Amasezerano y'amapaji 1246 agaragaza uburyo ibintu bikomeye, ariko aruta "Brexit ikomeye" itemewe.Ibyerekezo by'Iteraniro ry'Icyatsi, Ibikoresho byo guhuza PCB na Utugarura-mucyo tw'amber Ikibuga gikeneye kwitabwaho.
Minisitiri w’Intebe w’Ubwongereza Johnson yavuze ko Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’Ubwongereza ku mushinga w’amasezerano y’ubucuruzi n’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi izatorwa ku ya 30 Ukuboza.
Amasezerano y'ubucuruzi yarangiye
Ku ya 26 Ukuboza, Ubwongereza bwasohoye inyandiko y’amapaji 1246 y’amasezerano y’ubucuruzi ya Brexit n’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi, irimo, uretse inyandiko z’ubucuruzi, amasezerano ku ngufu za kirimbuzi, guhanahana amakuru y’ibanga, ingufu za kirimbuzi za gisivili, n’uruhererekane rw’amatangazo ahuriweho.
Iyi nyandiko yiswe umushinga w’Amasezerano y’Ubucuruzi n’Ubutwererane hagati ya EU na UK (Umushinga w’Amasezerano y’Ubucuruzi n’Ubutwererane hagati ya EU na UK), bivuze ko nyuma y’uko Ubwongereza buvuye ku isoko rimwe rya EU, nta kizabaho hagati y’impande zombi kitazahura n’ibibazo by’imisoro cyangwa ibibazo by’imigabane. Komisiyo y’Uburayi yavuze ko amasezerano y’ubucuruzi hagati ya EU n’Ubwongereza azaba ari zeru na zeru.
Inyandiko irimo imigereka myinshi irambuye, harimo ingingo zivuga ku inkomoko, amafi, ubucuruzi bwa divayi, imiti, imiti n'ubufatanye mu bijyanye n'umutekano.
Ubwongereza bwasinye amasezerano y'ubucuruzi bw'ubuntu
Iyo Ubwongereza buri mu muryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi, bwitabira amasezerano 40 y’ubucuruzi n’ibihugu cyangwa uturere turenga 70. Nyuma ya Brexit, Ubwongereza bushobora kuganira ku gukomeza aya masezerano. Amasezerano yose y’ubucuruzi asanzweho mu muryango w’ubumwe bw’u Burayi ntazongera gukurikizwa ku Bwongereza nyuma ya 31 Ukuboza, kandi Ubwongereza buzacuruza hakurikijwe amategeko ya WTO niba butageze ku masezerano y’ibihugu byombi n’ibyo bihugu cyangwa uturere.
Nk’uko bigaragara ku rubuga rwa interineti rwa leta y’Ubwongereza, amasezerano 29 areba ibihugu cyangwa uturere 58 yavuguruwe kandi azatangira gukurikizwa ku ya 1 Mutarama cyangwa igice cya mbere cya 2021. Ibindi bihugu cyangwa uturere 10 birimo kuganirwaho, ariko byinshi mu by’ingenzi birarangiye.
Muri Aziya, ku ya 23 Ukwakira, Ubwongereza n'Ubuyapani byasinye ku mugaragaro amasezerano y'ubucuruzi bw'ubwisanzure hagati y'ibihugu byombi, Aya ni yo masezerano ya mbere akomeye y'ubucuruzi yasinyweho n'Ubwongereza nyuma ya Brexit. Ubwongereza buvuga ko, Amasezerano azakuraho 99% by'ibyoherezwa mu Buyapani, ubucuruzi bw'igihe kirekire Ubwongereza buzagirana n'Ubuyapani buziyongeraho miliyari 15.2 z'amapawundi (miliyari 19.9 z'amadolari). Ayo masezerano azatuma Ubwongereza bushobora gukuraho buhoro buhoro imisoro y'imodoka z'Ubuyapani, imisoro y'imodoka z'Ubuyapani izaba zeru bitarenze 2026. Iyi ngingo isa n'amasezerano ari mu masezerano y'ubucuruzi hagati y'Ubuyapani n'Ubumwe bw'u Burayi. Ubwongereza bwizeye gusaba ku mugaragaro kuba umunyamuryango muri CPTPP y'ibihugu 11, mu ntangiriro za 2021 Ubuyapani burabyemera, kandi buzatanga inkunga ikenewe ku Bwongereza.
10 Ukuboza, Amasezerano y’ubucuruzi bw’ubuntu hagati y’Ubwongereza na Singapuru, kandi yemeye gutangizwa umwaka utaha," Amasezerano y’Ubukungu bw’Ikoranabuhanga hagati y’Ubwongereza na Singapuru ". Muri ayo masezerano, amasosiyete yo muri Singapuru no mu Bwongereza azahabwa uburenganzira bumwe n’Amasezerano y’Ubucuruzi bw’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi na Singapuru (EUSFTA). Ibi birimo uburenganzira bwo gucuruza ibicuruzwa ku buntu, korohereza kubona serivisi zabo no ku isoko ry’amasoko ya leta, no kugabanya inzitizi zitari iz’imisoro mu bikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga, imodoka n’ibijyanye nabyo, imiti n’ibikoresho by’ubuvuzi n’ingufu zishobora kuvugururwa. Nyuma y’uko Umuryango w’Ubucuruzi bw’Ubwongereza na Singapuru utangiye gukurikizwa, Ubwongereza buzarekura 84% by’ibicuruzwa bya Singapuru byinjizwaga mu mahanga, 16% bisigaye byitezwe ko bizarekurwa ku ya 21 Ugushyingo 2024. Singapuru izakomeza gukoresha ibicuruzwa by’Ubwongereza byoherejwe muri Singapuru nta misoro itangwa.
11 Ukuboza, Amasezerano y’ubucuruzi bw’ubuntu hagati y’Ubwongereza na Vietnam, Nk’uko byemejwe n’ibihugu byombi, Mu myaka irindwi iri imbere (2027), hagati y’ibihugu byombi azagabanya buhoro buhoro ikiguzi cy’ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga cya 99% by’ibicuruzwa. Ayo masezerano nimara gushyirwa mu bikorwa byuzuye, Vietnam izahabwa miliyoni 114 z’amapawundi (miliyoni 151 z’amapawundi) mu kugabanya imisoro yo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga. Ubwongereza buzagabanya miliyoni 36 z’amapawundi ku byoherezwa mu mahanga.
Amasezerano mashya y’Ubwongereza yo ku wa 22 Ukuboza ku isaha yo mu gihugu, Freeland, yatangaje ku itariki ya 22 Ukuboza ko Kanada n’Ubwongereza byasinye amasezerano y’agateganyo yo kwirinda "Brexit ikomeye" y’Ubwongereza iterwa n’ibibazo by’imisoro. Aya masezerano akurikira ibikubiye mu masezerano y’ubucuruzi ya Kanada n’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi, guhera ku ya 1 Mutarama 2021. Ibihugu byombi nibimara kuganira ku masezerano mashya y’ubucuruzi, amasezerano y’agateganyo azaseswa.
Itangazo ry'Ubucuruzi bw'Umwaka Mushya
Amakuru yashyizwe ahagaragara ku rubuga rwemewe rw'Ikigo cy'Igihugu gishinzwe Ibarurishamibare (ONS) uyu munsi aravuga ko Ubushinwa bwabaye isoko rikomeye mu Bwongereza ry’ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga ku nshuro ya mbere mu gihembwe cya kabiri. Ku nshuro ya mbere mu gihembwe cya kabiri, Ubwongereza bwatumije ibicuruzwa byinshi biva mu Bushinwa kurusha ibindi bihugu byose by’ubucuruzi, nk'uko ONS ibivuga. Mu gihembwe cya kabiri, umugabane w’ibicuruzwa biva mu Bushinwa mu Bwongereza wazamutse uva kuri 8.6 ku ijana mu gihembwe cya mbere ugera kuri 13.4 ku ijana mu gihembwe cya kabiri, aho ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga bigera kuri miliyari 11 z’amapawundi, kimwe muri buri bicuruzwa birindwi by’Ubwongereza biva mu Bushinwa.
Mu gice cya mbere cy'uyu mwaka, ibirenga kimwe cya kane by'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga n'imashini byo mu Bwongereza byinjijwe mu mahanga byaturutse mu Bushinwa. Mu Bwongereza ibicuruzwa by'ikoranabuhanga, ibikoresho by'amajwi n'ibikoresho byo mu biro nabyo biri hejuru, birenga 30 ku ijana. Iki gikorwa kandi gihuye cyane n'ibyabanje. Imibare y'amateka ya ONS igaragaza ko mu 2019, ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga, ibikoresho by'itumanaho, ibikoresho by'imashini zo mu biro, imyenda, ibikoresho byo mu nzu n'ibindi ni byo byiciro by'ibicuruzwa by'ingenzi bitumizwa mu Bushinwa n'Ubwongereza.
Nkuko byavuzwe haruguru, ibihugu cyangwa uturere tudafite amasezerano y’ibihugu byombi n’Ubwongereza bizacuruza hakurikijwe amategeko ya WTO nyuma y’itariki ya 1 Mutarama umwaka utaha.
Ikizamini cya mbere ku bashoramari bo mu Bushinwa gituruka ku cyemezo.
Ubwongereza buzakoresha ku mugaragaro ikirango cy’isuzumabumenyi ry’Ubwongereza (UKCA) guhera ku ya 1 Mutarama 2021. Ikirango cya UKCA ni ikirango gishya cy’ibicuruzwa byo mu Bwongereza kizakoreshwa ku bicuruzwa bigurishwa ku isoko ry’Ubwongereza (Ubwongereza, Wales na Ecosse), gikubiyemo ibicuruzwa byinshi byakeneraga ikirango cya CE. Ikirango cya UKCA ntikireba ibicuruzwa bigurishwa ku isoko rya Irilande y’Amajyaruguru.
Ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’ikirango cya UKCA cy’Ubwongereza, icyifuzo cy’umwimerere cyo kwemeza CE ku bicuruzwa byoherejwe mu Muryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi no mu Bwongereza bizasaba icyemezo cya CE na UKCA, bishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku giciro cy’ibicuruzwa by’ibigo, bigomba kwitabwaho cyane.
Byongeye kandi, ni ngombwa kumenya ko hakurikijwe sisitemu ya gasutamo ya mbere y’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi, ibicuruzwa byinjira cyangwa bisohoka mu Muryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi bidasaba imisoro n’imisoro ihoraho. Nyuma ya Brexit, Ubwongereza n’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi bizaba ari sisitemu yigenga yo gukora gasutamo, kandi imisoro y’ibicuruzwa ku mpande zombi izaba ingorabahizi kurusha mbere.
Isosiyete y’ubwikorezi ONE yatanze itangazo ku itangazo ry’umutekano rijyanye na Brexit: ibicuruzwa byose byinjira n’ibyoherezwa mu Bwongereza, ibinyura mu Bwongereza, ENS bigomba koherezwa. Ibicuruzwa biri mu bwato mu Bwongereza, ENS bigomba koherezwa amasaha 48 mbere y’ubwato. Byongeye kandi, Gasutamo yo mu Bwongereza yashyizeho urubuga rw’umutekano (S&S) rwo kwakira amakuru ya ENS. Guhera ku ya 1 Mutarama 2021, Gasutamo yo mu Bwongereza izakomeza gusaba itangazo rya ENS ry’ibicuruzwa byose biva hanze y’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi kugira ngo bipakururwe kandi binyuzwe ku byambu by’Ubwongereza. Guhera ku ya 1 Nyakanga 2021, ibicuruzwa biva mu Muryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi bijya mu Bwongereza (usibye Irilande y’Amajyaruguru) bigomba gushyirwa mu bikorwa itangazo rya ENS.
Musabwe kandi kwita ku bucuruzi bwa elegitoroniki bukorerwa mu bihugu by'i Burayi aho ibikorwa by'ubukungu bikorerwa, cyane cyane ibigo by'ubucuruzi bitumiza no kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga, nimero ikenewe yo kwiyandikisha ya EORI (kwiyandikisha n'inomero iranga abakora ubucuruzi mu bukungu - Kwiyandikisha n'irangamuntu ry'abakora ubucuruzi mu bukungu). Ubwongereza bumaze kuva mu Burayi ku mugaragaro, nimero ya EORI iri mu ntangiriro ya GB y'Ubwongereza izarangira muri EU. Niba ushaka kuba ku isoko ry'Ubwongereza ry'Ubumwe bw'u Burayi, ukeneye nimero ya EORI n'inomero ya EORI y'Ubumwe bw'u Burayi, nimero ebyiri za EORI.
Gasutamo y'Ubwongereza yatangaje ko ivugurura ry'imisoro ku bicuruzwa byinjizwa mu mahanga by'Ubwongereza rizatangira ku ya 1 Mutarama 2021. Ibisabwa byihariye ni ibi bikurikira:
TVA yishyurwa ku bicuruzwa byose bitumizwa mu mahanga bifite agaciro kari munsi ya 135 (TVA). Itegeko rishya ry’umusoro rikuraho imisoro y’umwimerere ku bicuruzwa bito bitumizwa mu mahanga, ni ukuvuga ibicuruzwa bifite agaciro katarenze 15, none ubu bigomba no kwishyura umusoro ku nyongeragaciro ku gipimo cy’umusoro cya 20.
Iyo ibicuruzwa byose byinjijwe mu Bwongereza ari ibigo, nimero y'uwiyandikishije ku bijyanye n'ubukungu bw'uwiyandikishije (inomero ya EORI) n'inomero ya TVA (inomero ya TVA) birakenewe. Inomero ya EU EORI ntizongera gukoreshwa ku bucuruzi bw'ibicuruzwa bitumiza no kohereza ibicuruzwa mu Bwongereza.
Iyo uwakiriye ari urubuga rw’ubucuruzi bwo kuri interineti (OMPs), urubuga rw’ubucuruzi bwo kuri interineti ruzaba rufite inshingano zo gukusanya no kubara TVA. TVA ku bicuruzwa byinjijwe mu mahanga byagurishijwe ku buryo butaziguye ku baguzi b’Abongereza mu Bwongereza izakomeza kubarwa n’abagurisha bo mu mahanga batitabiriye urubuga rw’ubucuruzi bwo kuri interineti (OMP); Ku bicuruzwa byoherejwe mu mahanga kandi bikagurishwa ku bakira bo mu Bwongereza batitabiriye urubuga rw’ubucuruzi bwo kuri interineti (OMP), abagurisha bo mu mahanga bazasabwa kwandikisha abakora mu bukungu bafite inomero ziranga (nomero ya EORI) n’inomero za TVA (nomero ya TVA) no kwishyura TVA kuri Gasutamo y’Abongereza (HMRC). Iyo umukiriya w’ubucuruzi afite iyandikwa rya TVA mu Bwongereza kandi umugurisha ahawe inomero yemewe ya TVA, TVA izabarwa binyuze mu ikiguzi cy’umukiriya.
Itegeko rishya ry’imisoro ntirikurikizwa ku bikorwa bitari iby’ubucuruzi birimo ibicuruzwa by’imisoro ku isoko (itabi, inzoga) cyangwa abantu ku giti cyabo, bikurikiza amategeko ariho, ibisobanuro byayo bikaba bigaragazwa na Gasutamo y’Ubwongereza.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Mutarama-04-2021