Gabatarwa: Me yasa Sauti da Karewa ke Bayyana Tsarin PCB ɗinku

Lokacin da injiniyoyin siye da masu tsara PCB ke neman masana'antar toshe tashar pcb hawa, ba wai kawai suna neman mai samar da kayayyaki ba ne - suna magance matsalar ƙira da ke kan hanyar haɗin aikin lantarki, amincin injina, da tattalin arziƙin haɗawa. Mun shafe sama da shekaru 14 a matsayin masana'antar bututun PCB a Ningbo, China, kuma mun ga irin wannan kuskuren da aka maimaita a cikin dubban ayyuka: injiniyoyi suna zaɓar wani toshe na ƙarshe bisa ga farashi kawai, amma watanni bayan haka suka gano cewa layin bai dace da tsarin allon ba, ko kuma hanyar ƙarewa ba za ta iya magance yanayin muhalli na aikace-aikacen ƙarshe ba.

Bari mu kasance kai tsaye: manyan shawarwari guda biyu na fasaha yayin ƙayyade toshewar tashar PCB sune filin wasa (tazara tsakanin tsakiya da tsakiya tsakanin sandunan da ke maƙwabtaka) da kuma hanyar ƙarewa (yadda toshewar tashar ke manne da PCB ta hanyar injiniya da lantarki). Waɗannan sigogi biyu suna sarrafa komai - ƙarfin ɗaukar wutar lantarki, juriya ga ƙarfin lantarki, nisan rarrafe, tsarin haɗuwa, iya kula da filin, da jimillar farashin mallakar. Saboda waɗannan zaɓuɓɓukan suna da mahimmanci, yin kuskure yana nufin sake fasalin PCB, wanda ya fi tsada fiye da toshewar tashar da kansu.

A cikin wannan labarin, muna amfani da bayananmu daga masana'antarmu daga samarwa sama da ɗaya Sandunan tashar PCB miliyan 50 a kowace shekara don kwatanta sautin 2.54mm da 3.96mm, da kuma ƙarshen solder da sukurori. Za mu ba ku bayanan injiniyan da kuke buƙata don yin abin da ya dace - kuma, a gaskiya, don guje wa ciwon kai da muka gani abokan cinikinmu sun sha wahala kafin su zo gare mu.

Fitilar 2.54mm da 3.96mm: Cikakken Kwatancen Fasaha

Faɗin toshewar tashar PCB ba ta da tsari — saboda siffa kai tsaye tana ƙayyade ƙarfin juriyar wutar lantarki ta hanyar nisan rarrafe da sharewa da aka ƙayyade ta hanyar IEC 60947-7-4 kuma UL 1059, wani tubalin pitch 2.54mm yana aiki ne a ƙananan ƙarfin lantarki da kuma halin yanzu fiye da tubalin pitch 3.96mm mai ƙira iri ɗaya.

Me Yasa Waƙa Ta Fi Muhimmanci Fiye da Yadda Kuke Tunani

Lokacin da muka horar da sabbin injiniyoyin aikace-aikacenmu a J-Guang, darasi na farko da muka yi nazari a kansu shine wannan: pitch shine babban ƙa'ida da ke sarrafa kowane sigar ƙira ta ƙasa. Tsarin girman inci 0.1 (2.54mm) ya fara ne tun farkon zamanin ƙirar PCB kuma ya ci gaba da kasancewa mai rinjaye a cikin dabaru na dijital da aikace-aikacen sigina masu ƙarancin ƙarfi. Tsarin girman inci 0.156 (3.96mm) ya bayyana yayin da buƙatun wutar lantarki suka ƙaru fiye da abin da 2.54mm za su iya jurewa cikin aminci.

Ga abin da muke aunawa kowace rana a layin samarwa:

Mun ga wani abokin ciniki na masana'antar sarrafa kansa ta Jamus ya sauya daga 2.54mm zuwa 3.96mm bayan mai duba filin UL ɗinsu ya nuna rashin isasshen nisan rarrafe a kan samfurin - wani canji da ya kashe su makonni takwas na sake fasalin PCB. Wannan gogewar ta koya mana, kuma muna fatan zai koya muku: ƙayyade matakin da ya dace bisa ga buƙatun ƙarfin lantarki da farko, na biyu kuma sararin allo.

Yaushe Za a Zaɓi Fitilar 2.54mm

Tsarin 2.54mm shine zaɓi mafi dacewa lokacin da kadarorin hukumar ke kan farashi mai kyau kuma buƙatun halin yanzu/ƙarfin lantarki suna da ƙaranci, saboda ƙaramin sawun ƙafa yana ba da damar ƙara yawan sandunan PCB ba tare da yin asarar mafi ƙarancin faɗin alamar da ake buƙata don amincin sigina ba.

Muna ba da shawarar girman 2.54mm don:

• Na'urorin firikwensin IoT da na'urorin gefe — inda siginar matakin dabaru na 3.3V ko 5V suka mamaye kuma ƙimar 6A ta cika dukkan kasafin kuɗin wutar lantarki na hukumar cikin sauƙi.
• Kayan lantarki masu amfani da kayan lantarki masu rufewa - inda canje-canje a cikin wayoyi a filin ba kasafai ake samun su ba kuma ƙaramin toshewar tashar yana rage girman samfurin gabaɗaya, wanda ke rage farashin kayan aikin gyaran allurar kai tsaye ga katangar.
• Direbobin hasken LED — inda ƙarfin DC na 12–24V a ƙasa da 5A shine al'ada kuma ƙaramin marufi shine mai bambancewa mai gasa.
• Gwaji da kayan aikin aunawa - inda siginar I/O mai yawan yawa ke buƙatar tara tubalan tashoshi da yawa gefe da gefe a kan gefen allo ɗaya.

A masana'antarmu, jerin JG128-2.54 suna aiki a cikin adadin samarwa sama da sandunan miliyan 2 a kowane wata don waɗannan takamaiman aikace-aikacen. Layin samfurin toshe bututun PCB na 5.0mm yana nuna yadda dangin pitch na 2.54mm ya faɗaɗa ta halitta zuwa cikin bambance-bambancen girma-girma lokacin da masu ƙira ke buƙatar haɓaka ƙarfin halin yanzu sama.

Yaushe Za a Zaɓi Fitilar 3.96mm

Tsarin 3.96mm ya zama dole lokacin da aikace-aikacen ya buƙaci rarraba wutar lantarki a 24V DC ko sama da haka, ko kuma lokacin da toshewar tashar dole ne ta tsira daga girgizar ƙasa da zagayawa a yanayin zafi ba tare da lalacewar haɗi ba.

Muna ba da shawarar girman 3.96mm don:

• Modules na I/O na Masana'antu na PLC da na sarrafa motoci — inda siginar sarrafawa ta 24V DC a 8–12A ta zama ta yau da kullun kuma masu gyaran suna sanye da safar hannu akai-akai suna kula da wayoyi a filin.
• Masu kula da kayan aikin HVAC - inda layukan sarrafa injin damfara da fanka ke ɗauke da nauyin inductive wanda ke haifar da ƙaruwar ƙarfin lantarki fiye da ƙima na yau da kullun.
• Na'urorin samar da wutar lantarki da tsarin sarrafa batir - inda mafi girman ƙimar wutar lantarki ke kawar da buƙatar masu sarrafa wutar lantarki masu layi ɗaya kuma yana sauƙaƙa lissafin kayan aiki.
• Masu canza wutar lantarki da masu sarrafa caji - inda fallasa waje ke nufin cewa toshewar dole ne ta kasance mai share wutar lantarki koda kuwa ƙura da ke taruwa da kuma yanayin zafi.

Ƙarewar Solder vs Screw: Ra'ayi na Matakin Masana'antu

Matsakaici na biyu na shawarar ƙayyadaddun bayanai - kuma wanda muke karɓar tambayoyin fasaha mafi yawa game da shi - shine ko za a zaɓi ƙarshen solder ko ƙarshen sukurori don toshe tashar PCB. Wannan zaɓin ba game da wace hanya ce "mafi kyau" ba - saboda an inganta duka biyun don tsarin haɗuwa da sabis daban-daban, zaɓin da ya dace ya dogara ne gaba ɗaya akan yadda za a ƙera, shigar da shi, da kuma kula da samfurin ƙarshe a tsawon lokacin aikinsa.

Ƙarewar Solder: Menene Kuma Lokacin da Ya Yi Nasara

Ƙarewar solder yana nufin ana saka fil ɗin toshe ta hanyar ramukan da aka rufe a cikin PCB kuma ana haɗa su ta dindindin ta amfani da narkakken solder - yawanci a cikin tsarin solder na raƙuman ruwa ko zaɓin solder. Wannan yana haifar da haɗin ƙarfe tsakanin fil da kushin PCB wanda, idan aka aiwatar da shi yadda ya kamata, yana nuna juriyar hulɗa a ƙasa da miliohm 1 kuma yana rayuwa sama da zagayowar zafi 2,000 daga -40°C zuwa +105°C ba tare da lalacewa mai aunawa ba., bisa ga bayanan gwajin rayuwa mai sauri da muke da su a cikin gida.

Fa'idodin Karewar Solder

• Haɗin dindindin, mai hana iskar gas - ƙarfe mai laushi yana samar da wani abu mai kama da ƙarfe tare da kushin jan ƙarfe da kuma fil ɗin tagulla, wanda ke hana iskar shaka a wurin da aka haɗa.
• Mafi kyawun juriyar girgiza — saboda babu hanyoyin haɗin manne na inji don sassautawa, haɗin haɗin da aka haɗa yana wucewa bayanan martaba na girgizar layin dogo na IEC 61373 waɗanda ke ƙarewar dunƙule sau da yawa suna lalacewa ba tare da mahaɗin kulle zare ba.
• Ƙarancin farashi ga kowace na'ura - cire sukurori, kejin waya, da kuma abin da aka saka a zare yana rage farashin kayan da aka saka da kusan kashi 30-40% a matakin kayan.
• Yawan sanda mai yawa - ba tare da kan sukurori ya mamaye sararin allo ba, tubalan tashar solder suna samun tazara mai ƙarfi tsakanin sanda da sanda kuma ana iya sanya su kusa da gefunan allo.

Rashin Amfanin Ƙarewar Solder

• Babu sake amfani da waya a filin — kowace canza waya tana buƙatar cire haɗin waya da sake haɗa waya, wanda hakan ba shi da amfani ga kayayyakin da aka yi wa hidima a fagen.
• Dogaro da tsarin sarrafawa - haɗin gwiwar solder mai sanyi, rashin isasshen cike ramuka, da kuma gadar solder duk hanyoyi ne na gazawa na gaske waɗanda ke buƙatar kulawa da dubawa da bin diddigin tsari, IPC-A-610 Ka'idojin karɓuwa na aji na 2 ko 3.
• Matsi mai zafi akan PCB — kowane zagayen soldering yana fallasa allon zuwa yanayin zafi na 250–260°C, kuma maimaita sake zagayowar na iya lalata substrates na FR-4 idan ba a kula da lokacin da aka rage ba sosai.

Karewar Screw: Menene Kuma Lokacin Da Ya Yi Nasara

Katsewar sukurori yana amfani da abin saka ƙarfe mai zare da aka ƙera a cikin gidan toshewar ƙarshe. Ana saka wayar da aka cire a cikin buɗewar ƙarshe, kuma ana matse sukurori don ɗaure wayar a kan kejin hulɗar ƙarfe - ba a buƙatar haɗa PCB ga gefen waya na haɗin ba. Har yanzu ana haɗa fil ɗin gefen PCB, amma ɓangaren shigar waya na inji ne kawai.

Gaskiya mun fi son dakatar da sukurori ga yawancin aikace-aikacen masana'antu da muke tallafawa. Dalilin yana da amfani: idan na'urar PLC I/O ta gaza da ƙarfe 3:00 na safe a masana'anta a Stuttgart, ma'aikacin gyaran ba shi da ƙarfen soldering - amma suna da sukurori mai faɗi. Kudin lokacin aiki a masana'antu daban-daban matsakaicin $260,000 a kowace awa bisa ga binciken masana'antu na Siemens, don haka ikon musanya waya a cikin daƙiƙa maimakon mintuna yana fassara kai tsaye zuwa tanadin aiki wanda ya ninka farashin $0.05–$0.10 na kowane sandar ƙare sukurori.

Amfanin Ƙarewar Sukurori

• Wayoyin filin da ba su da kayan aiki ko kayan aiki guda ɗaya - madaurin flathead na yau da kullun ko kuma sukudireba na Phillips shine kawai kayan aikin da ake buƙata, wanda hakan ke sa tubalan ƙarshen sukudi su zama zaɓi na duniya don kayan aikin da za a iya amfani da su a filin.
• Babu damuwa ta zafi yayin wayoyi - PCB ɗin ba ya fuskantar zafi yayin shigarwa, wanda hakan ke kawar da haɗarin ɗaga kushin ko lalacewar substrate sakamakon sake yin aiki akai-akai.
• Tabbatar da gani na haɗi — masu fasaha za su iya ganin ko an saka wayar gaba ɗaya kuma an matse sukurorin, ba kamar haɗin solder wanda ingancinsa ya ɓoye a ƙarƙashin saman ba.
• Dacewa da waya mai ƙarfi da mara tsari - tashoshin sukurori suna karɓar nau'ikan waya biyu ba tare da matsalolin wicking da embrittlement ba wanda ke sa wayoyi masu ɗaurewa su zama matsala.

Rashin Amfanin Karewar Sukurori

• Dogaro da karfin juyi — ƙarancin matsewa yana haifar da juriyar hulɗa mai yawa da kuma haɗin kai mai katsewa; matsewa mai yawa na iya cire zare ko murƙushe jagorar waya. IEC 60947-7-4 Daidaitaccen tsari yana ƙayyade kewayon karfin juyi na 0.4–0.5 N·m don sukurori na M2.5, kuma muna tabbatar da bin ƙa'idodin karfin juyi akan 100% na wuraren samarwa.
• Bukatar sake yin amfani da lokaci-lokaci - a cikin yanayin girgiza mai ƙarfi kamar injinan juye-juye na jirgin ƙasa ko manyan injina, tashoshin sukurori na iya buƙatar sake juyawa a cikin lokutan gyara da aka tsara, wanda ke ƙara jimlar farashin mallakar.
• Babban ambulan jiki - tsarin sukurori ya mamaye kusan kashi 40% na girma fiye da toshewar tashar solder daidai, wanda ke da mahimmanci a cikin ƙira mai matuƙar rikitarwa.

Ga abokan cinikinmu da ke kimanta wannan ciniki, muna kula da cikakken kwatancen a cikin takaddun samfurin don namu Tashar tashar sukurori ta PCB 301 jerin, wanda shine layin samfurin mu na ƙarshe mafi girma kuma yana nuna ainihin sigogin lantarki da na inji da muka tabbatar ta hanyar gwajin ɓangare na uku.

Matrix na Shawara: Wanne Haɗaka Don Aikace-aikacenku?

Domin a yi amfani da wannan bincike wajen yanke shawara mai kyau, mun gina wannan tsari bisa ga shekaru 14 na ƙwarewar injiniyan aikace-aikace da kuma bayanai kan ayyukan abokin ciniki sama da 500. Yi amfani da shi a matsayin wurin farawa — amma a tuntuɓi ƙungiyar injiniyanmu idan aikace-aikacenku ya haɗu da nau'ikan daban-daban.

Ingancin Masana'antu: Abin da za a Bukata daga Masana'antar Bulogin Tashar Jirgin PCB ɗinku

Ba duk masana'antun pcb mount terminal block suna aiki a matakin inganci iri ɗaya ba — kuma saboda tubalan tashar abubuwa ne masu matuƙar muhimmanci ga aminci waɗanda gazawarsu na iya haifar da gobara, lalacewar kayan aiki, ko raunin ma'aikata, tsarin ingancin masana'anta yana da mahimmanci aƙalla kamar ƙayyadaddun samfurin.

Ga abin da muka yi imani da cewa kowane mai siye ya kamata ya tabbatar kafin ya sanya odar siye tare da kowane masana'anta na pcb mount terminal block:

1. Bin diddigin kayan da ba a sarrafa su ba

A J-Guang, muna kula da bin diddigin abubuwa daga mai samar da resin (muna samowa ne kawai daga matakan Dupont da BASF) har zuwa ga toshewar da aka gama, kuma muna ba da takaddun shaida na kayan aiki tare da kowane jigilar kaya.

2. Kauri na Rufewa

Rufin nickel da ke kan hulɗar tagulla yana aiki a matsayin shingen tsatsa da kuma saman da ba ya jure lalacewa. Kauri na farantin da ke ƙasa da 2μm yana ba da isasshen kariya daga gwajin fesa gishiri na awanni 96 a cikin IEC 60068-2-11, wanda ke kwaikwayon yanayin jigilar kaya a bakin teku da kuma yanayin zafi mai yawa. Muna gwada kauri na XRF akan kowane canjin samarwa kuma muna buga sakamakon a cikin rahotannin binciken rukuninmu - wani abu da masana'antun kaɗan ne a ɓangaren farashinmu ke son yi.

3. Gwajin Wutar Lantarki 100%

Kowace sandar kowane toshewar tashar da muke jigilarwa tana fuskantar gwajin ci gaba 100% da kuma gwajin ƙarfin lantarki mai ƙarfin 1.5× kafin a matse ta. Domin kuwa farashin haɗin kai ɗaya tilo a cikin samfurin da abokin ciniki ya gama ya wuce farashin gwaji mai zurfi.Mun saka hannun jari a cikin kayan aikin gwaji na atomatik waɗanda ke yin jerin gwano ta kowace sandar da ke kan kowane toshe a cikin ƙasa da daƙiƙa uku. Idan kuna siya daga masana'anta wanda ke yin samfurin ƙididdiga kawai, ku tambayi kanku ko haɗarin gazawar filin ya cancanci kuɗin da aka adana.

4. Daidaito Mai Girma

Juriyar rami tana da matuƙar muhimmanci ga haɗa PCB ta atomatik. Juriyar wurin fil ɗinmu shine ±0.05mm idan aka kwatanta da bayanan wurin da aka haɗa — saboda bambancin fil na 0.15mm ko fiye zai haifar da gazawar sakawa a cikin layukan ɗaukar kaya ta atomatik da kuma layukan solder na raƙuman ruwa, wanda ke haifar da dakatarwar layi wanda ke kashe ɗaruruwan daloli na masu haɗa PCB a kowace awa. Muna tabbatar da wannan haƙurin akan injin aunawa (CMM) a kowane canjin mold da kuma kowace awa yayin gudanar da samarwa.

Kammalawa: Fara da Aikace-aikacen, Ba Bayani ba

Idan za mu iya barin ku da wani abu da za ku koya daga shekaru 14 da muka yi a matsayinmu na masana'antar toshe tashar pcb hawa, zai kasance kamar haka: Mafi kyawun ƙayyadaddun toshewar tashar shine wanda ya dace da ainihin yanayin amfani, ba wanda ya fi kyau akan kwatancen takardar bayanai ba. Mun kalli injiniyoyi suna bayyana tubalan tashar sukurori na 3.96mm fiye da kima don na'urar firikwensin 5V, suna ɓatar da sarari da kasafin kuɗi, kuma mun ga injiniyoyi masu hazaka suna nuna ƙananan tubalan solder na 2.54mm don na'urar sarrafa motar 24V, wanda ya haifar da gazawar filin ɓoye wanda ya faru watanni 18 bayan an fara amfani da shi.

Shawararmu mai sauƙi ce. Duba ainihin ƙarfin lantarki, wutar lantarki, muhalli, da buƙatun sabis na aikace-aikacenku kafin buɗe kasida ko aika RFQ. Sannan nemo masana'antar toshe tashar pcb hawa wa zai yi maka irin waɗannan tambayoyin — domin masana'anta wanda ba ya tambaya game da aikace-aikacenka ba ya damuwa ko samfurinsa yana aiki a ciki.

A Ningbo J-Guang Electronics, muna ƙera kowace haɗin kai da ƙarewa da aka tattauna a cikin wannan labarin a ƙarƙashin rufin gida ɗaya, tare da tsarin inganci ɗaya, kuma tare da ma'auni ɗaya na ɗaukar nauyi. Ko kuna buƙatar tubalan tashar solder mai 2.54mm don kayan sawa na mabukaci ko tubalan tashar sukurori mai 3.96mm don mai sarrafa sarrafa kansa na masana'anta, muna da kayan aikin, kayan aikin gwaji, da ƙwarewar aikace-aikacen don tallafawa aikinku daga samfurin har zuwa samar da girma.