Mu myaka ibiri ishize, Turukiya yahuye n'ikibazo cy'igabanuka ry'ifaranga n'izamuka ry'ibiciro.
Mu 2020, ikamba rishya ryateye Turukiya indi ngaruka, riyishyira mu ihungabana rikomeye ry’ubukungu. Lira y’ifaranga rya Turukiya irimo gusenyuka ku muvuduko udasanzwe kandi amafaranga yari afite mu ivunjisha yagabanutse cyane. Ibihuza ibyuma bya terminal, ibihuza urubuga rwa PCB n'urundi na Imfunguzo za Reflector bigomba kwitabwaho.
Muri iki kibazo, Turukiya yazamuye inkoni yitwa "Trade Protection".
01 Ihungabana
Ubukungu bwa Turukiya bwagize ihungabana ry’ubukungu mu gihe kirekire kuva mu gice cya kabiri cya 2018, tutibagiwe n’ubukungu bwabwo butifashe neza, bwakongejwe n’icyorezo gishya cya crown mu 2020.
Moody's, ikigo mpuzamahanga gishinzwe gutanga amanota, yagabanyije amanota y’inguzanyo ya Turukiya kuva kuri B1 igera kuri B2 muri Nzeri 2020 bitewe n’uko gukomeza kugabanuka kw’amafaranga y’amahanga mu gihugu byateje ibibazo byo kwishyurana, ibibazo by’ubukungu n’ihindagurika ry’ubukungu.
Mu gihembwe cya gatatu cya 2020, ubukungu bwa Turukiya bwagaragaje ko bukomeje kuzamuka. Ariko, nk'uko imibare iheruka y'Ikigo cy'Ibarurishamibare cya Turukiya (TUIK) ibigaragaza, igipimo cy'ibiciro by'abaguzi muri Turukiya cyiyongereyeho 1.25% mu Ukuboza 2020 ugereranije n'Ugushyingo na 14.6% ugereranyije n'igihe nk'icyo muri 2019.
Ibiciro by'ibicuruzwa na serivisi zitandukanye, ubwikorezi, ibiribwa n'ibinyobwa bidasembuye byazamutse cyane, kuri 28.12%, 21.12% na 20.61%, ugereranije n'igihe nk'icyo mu 2019.
Perezida wa Turukiya, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, nubwo akomeye kuri politiki y'ububanyi n'amahanga, nta cyo yitayeho mu gihugu cye.
Hagati mu Ukuboza 2020, Erdoğan yatangaje uburyo bwinshi bwo gufasha abacuruzi bato n'abaciriritse kubaho mu mezi atatu ari imbere. Ariko abahanga mu by'ubukungu bavuga ko ingamba zafashwe zitinze kandi ku rugero ruto, zishobora kutagira ingaruka nini ku bukungu bwa Turukiya bwari mu kaga.
Nk’uko ubushakashatsi buheruka bwa MetroPoll bwashyizwe ahagaragara n’abashakashatsi, 25% by’ababajijwe bo muri Turukiya bavuze ko batashoboraga no kubona ibyo bakeneye by’ibanze. Icyizere cy’ubukungu muri Turukiya cyagabanutse kigera kuri 86.4 mu Ukuboza kivuye kuri 89.5 mu Ugushyingo, nk’uko ibiro bishinzwe ibarurishamibare muri Turukiya bibitangaza. Agaciro kari munsi y’amanota 100 kagaragaza icyizere mu mibereho y’abantu.
Kuri ubu, Erdoğan, watakaje inkunga y'inshuti ye Trump, yahaye EU inkunga, yandikira Perezida w'Ubufaransa Macron ku biganiro bya videwo yizeye ko bizagenda buhoro buhoro mu gusana umubano na EU.
Ariko nk'uko raporo iheruka ya Al Jazeera ibivuga, Turukiya iri mu "makimbirane y'abaturage", ivuga ko ubukungu bw'imbere mu gihugu bukomeje kwangirika muri Turukiya, isaba amatora ya perezida n'ay'inteko ishinga amategeko mbere y'igihe.
Igabanuka ry'ivunjisha
Mu bitwaye nabi cyane ku isi mu 2020, lira ya Turukiya igomba kuba ifite izina ——5.94 rira ugereranyije n'idorari mu ntangiriro z'umwaka, yagabanutse igera kuri 7.5 Lila mu Kuboza, Igabanuka rya buri mwaka ryari 25%, Riba isoko ribi cyane nyuma ya Brezili! Mu ntangiriro z'Ugushyingo 2020, agaciro ka lira ya Turukiya karagabanutse ku kigero cyo hasi cyane: idorari ryari 8.5 rials.
Uyu ni umwaka wa munani wikurikiranya aho lira yagabanutse, kandi igice kinini cy’igabanuka rya buri mwaka ryarenze 10%. Ku ya 2 Mutarama 2012, igipimo cy’ivunjisha rya lira ugereranije n’idolari rya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika cyari 1.8944. Ariko ku ya 31 Ukuboza 2020, lira yagabanutse igera kuri 7.4392 ugereranije n’idolari, igabanuka ryari rirenze 300% mu myaka umunani.
Iyo ifaranga ry'igihugu rigabanutse cyane, ikiguzi cy'ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga kiriyongera, kandi biragoye kuvuga ko abatumiza ibicuruzwa muri Turukiya badashobora kwihanganira igabanuka ry'ifaranga rya Turukiya. Muri iki gihe, bamwe mu bacuruzi bo muri Turukiya bashobora guhitamo guhagarika ibikorwa, cyangwa se guhagarika kwishyura burundu, no kwanga ibicuruzwa.
Kandi kugira ngo binjire mu isoko ry'ivunjisha, Turukiya yari hafi kurangiza amafaranga yari ifite mu bubiko bw'ivunjisha. Ariko ingaruka ni uko lira ikomeje kugabanuka, ingaruka nyazo ni nke.
Mu gihe cy’ihungabana ry’ifaranga, Perezida wa Turukiya, Recep Tayyip Erdogan, yigeze gusaba abaturage kugura lira no gutangiza "kampanye y’igihugu" yo kurwanya "umwanzi w’ubukungu". Niba hari umuntu ushyira amadolari, amayero cyangwa zahabu munsi y’umusego, jya muri banki ubihindurire lira ya Turukiya. Uru ni urugamba rw’igihugu," Erdoğan yagize ati. "Ntabwo tuzatsindwa mu ntambara y’ubukungu."
Ariko muri iki gihe abantu bakunda kugura zahabu ku giciro - Abanyaturukiya barimo kubona zahabu ku gipimo gikomeye cyane. Nubwo yagabanutse mu mezi atatu yikurikiranya, zahabu yazamutseho hafi 19% kuva mu 2020.
03 Uburinzi bw'ubucuruzi
Kubera iyo mpamvu, Turukiya yazamuye "uburinzi bw'ubucuruzi". Mu ntangiriro za 2021, Turukiya yakuyeho imanza nyinshi:
Mu by’ukuri, Turukiya ni igihugu gifite amadosiye menshi y’iperereza ku bucuruzi ku bicuruzwa by’Abashinwa, kandi mu 2020, izakomeza gukora iperereza no gushyiraho imisoro ku bicuruzwa bimwe na bimwe.
Ni ngombwa cyane kumenya ko Gasutamo ya Turukiya ifite itegeko ridasanzwe rivuga ko niba ibicuruzwa bisubijwe ku cyambu byemewe n'uwabitanze ndetse n'"itangazo ryo kwanga kwakira ibicuruzwa", ibicuruzwa bizaba umutungo wa Turukiya nyuma yo kwinjira mu cyambu cya Turukiya. Ku byambu bimaze igihe kinini cyangwa ibicuruzwa bitarakurwamo, Gasutamo izaba ifite uburenganzira bwo kugurisha ibicuruzwa nta nyirabyo kandi uwabitumije bwa mbere azaba ari we uguze bwa mbere.
Ingingo zimwe na zimwe za Gasutamo zo muri Turukiya zimaze imyaka myinshi zikoreshwa n'abaguzi b'imbere mu gihugu batifuzwa, kandi niba abatumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga batitonze, bazaba mu mwanya wo kudakora cyane.
Biherutse koherezwa muri Turukiya, nyamuneka witondere umutekano w'ubwishyu!
Igihe cyo kohereza ubutumwa: Werurwe-04-2021