Kwiminyaka emibini edlulileyo, iTurkey ithwaxwe kukuwa kwemali kunye nokunyuka kwamaxabiso.
Ngowama-2020, isithsaba esitsha sayibetha iTurkey kwakhona, sayityhalela kwingxaki enkulu yokudodobala koqoqosho. I-lira yemali yasekhaya yaseTurkey iyawa ngesantya esiphezulu kwaye imali yayo yotyalo-mali lwangaphandle yehle kakhulu. Iziqhagamsheli zesiphelo, izihlanganisi zebhodi ye-pcb ukuya kwibhodi kwaye Isitshixo seReflector kufuneka kuqatshelwe.
Kule meko, iTurkey yaphakamisa intonga ebizwa ngokuba yiTrade Protection.
01 Uxinzelelo
Uqoqosho lwaseTurkey belukwimeko yokudodobala koqoqosho ixesha elide ukusukela kwisiqingatha sesibini sowama-2018, ingasathethwa ke ngoqoqosho lwalo olubuthathaka, oluye lwanda ngenxa yobhubhane omtsha we-crown ka-2020.
I-Moody's, i-arhente yokulinganisa yamazwe ngamazwe, yehlise izinga lekhredithi yeTurkey ukusuka kwi-B1 ukuya kwi-B2 ngoSeptemba 2020 ngesizathu sokuba ukuqhubeka kwelizwe lihla kwiimali zangaphandle ezigciniweyo kubangele umngcipheko wokulinganisela ibhalansi, imingeni yezoqoqosho kunye namaqamza emali.
Kwikota yesithathu ka-2020, uqoqosho lwaseTurkey lubonise indlela yokuchacha. Nangona kunjalo, ngokwedatha yamva nje ye-Turkish Bureau of Statistics (TUIK), isalathisi samaxabiso abathengi eTurkey sinyuke nge-1.25% ngoDisemba ka-2020 ukusuka ngoNovemba kunye ne-14.6% ukusuka kwixesha elifanayo ngo-2019.
Amaxabiso eempahla neenkonzo ezahlukeneyo, ezothutho, ukutya neziselo ezingezotywala anyuke kakhulu, ngama-28.12 ekhulwini, ama-21.12 ekhulwini kunye nama-20.61 ekhulwini, ngokwahlukeneyo, xa kuthelekiswa nexesha elifanayo ngo-2019.
UMongameli waseTurkey uRecep Tayyip Erdoğan, nangona engqongqo kwimigaqo-nkqubo yezangaphandle, akanakuzinceda ekhaya.
Phakathi kuDisemba ka-2020, u-Erdoğan wabhengeza inani leenkxaso-mali zokunceda amashishini amancinci naphakathi kunye nabarhwebi ukuba basinde kwiinyanga ezintathu ezizayo. Kodwa iingcali zezoqoqosho zithi la manyathelo, athathwe emva kwexesha kwaye kwinqanaba elincinci, asenokungabi nafuthe lingako kuqoqosho lwaseTurkey oluchaphazelekileyo.
Ngokutsho kophando lwamva nje olukhutshwe ngabahloli bezinto, ama-25% abantu baseTurkey abaphendule bathi abakwazi nokuhlangabezana neemfuno zabo ezisisiseko. Ukuzithemba kwezoqoqosho eTurkey kwehle kwaya kuma-86.4 ngoDisemba ukusuka kuma-89.5 ngoNovemba, ngokutsho kweOfisi yeStatistical yaseTurkey. Naliphi na ixabiso elingaphantsi kwama-100 amanqaku libonisa ukungabi nathemba kwezentlalo.
Okwangoku, u-Erdoğan, olahlekelwe yinkxaso yomhlobo wakhe uTrump, unikezele ngesebe lomnquma kwi-EU, ebhalela uMongameli waseFransi uMacron malunga neengxoxo zevidiyo ngethemba lokulungisa kancinci ubudlelwane ne-EU.
Kodwa ngokwengxelo yamva nje ye-Al Jazeera, iTurkey ikwinkqubo "yeengxabano zamakhaya", ikhankanya ukuwohloka kwemeko yezoqoqosho yasekhaya eTurkey, ifuna ukuba kubekho unyulo lukamongameli nolwepalamente kwangethuba.
Ukuwa kwexabiso lotshintshiselwano
Kwabona bantu basebenza kakubi kwihlabathi liphela ngo-2020, i-lira yaseTurkey kufuneka ibe negama elithi ——5.94 rira xa ithelekiswa nedola ekuqaleni konyaka, yehla yaya kuthi ga kwi-7.5 Lila ngoDisemba, Ukwehla konyaka kwaba yi-25%, Yaba yimarike ekhulayo embi emva kweBrazil! Ekuqaleni kukaNovemba ka-2020, ixabiso le-lira yaseTurkey lehla laya kwinqanaba eliphantsi kakhulu: idola yayiyi-8.5 rials.
Lo ngunyaka wesibhozo ulandelanayo apho i-lira yehla khona, kwaye uninzi lokwehla konyaka lungaphezulu kwe-10%. Ngomhla wesi-2 kweyoMqungu ngo-2012, izinga lokutshintshiselana kwe-lira xa kuthelekiswa nedola yaseMelika yayiyi-1.8944. Kodwa ngomhla wama-31 kweyoMnga ngo-2020, i-lira yehla yaya kwi-7.4392 xa kuthelekiswa nedola, ukwehla bekungaphezulu kwama-300% kwiminyaka esibhozo.
Xa ixabiso lemali yelizwe lihla kakhulu, ixabiso lokungeniswa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe liyanyuka, kwaye kunzima ukuthi abathumeli bempahla baseTurkey abanakukwazi ukunyamezela ukuwa kwe-lira yaseTurkey. Kwimeko enjalo, abanye oosomashishini baseTurkey banokukhetha ukuyimisa intengiselwano, okanye bade bayimise intlawulo yokugqibela, baze bangazamkeli iimpahla.
Kwaye ukuze kungenelele kwimarike yezimali zangaphandle, iTurkey iphantse yaziphelisa iimali zayo ezigciniweyo zezimali zangaphandle. Kodwa isiphumo kukuba i-lira isaphelelwa lixabiso, isiphumo sokwenyani silinganiselwe.
Xa bejamelene nengxaki yemali, uMongameli waseTurkey uRecep Tayyip Erdogan wakha wacela uluntu ukuba luthenge i-lira luze luqalise "iphulo lesizwe" lokulwa "notshaba lwezoqoqosho". Ukuba kukho umntu obeka iidola, ii-euro okanye igolide phantsi komqamelo, yiya ebhankini uze uzitshintshisele i-lira yaseTurkey. Eli lidabi lesizwe," utshilo uErdoğan. "Asiyi kulahlekelwa yimfazwe yezoqoqosho."
Kodwa ngeli xesha abantu bethanda ukuthenga igolide ngexabiso eliphantsi - amaTurkey afumana igolide ngamanani aphakamileyo. Nangona igolide iye yawa iinyanga ezintathu zilandelelana, igolide inyuke malunga ne-19% ukusukela ngo-2020.
03 Ukhuseleko lorhwebo
Ngenxa yoko, iTurkey iphakamise intonga "yokukhusela urhwebo". Ekuqaleni kuka-2021, iTurkey iwachithile amatyala amaninzi:
Enyanisweni, iTurkey lilizwe elinamacala amaninzi ophando lokunceda urhwebo kwiimveliso zaseTshayina, kwaye ngo-2020, iza kuqhubeka nokuphanda nokubeka irhafu kwezinye iimveliso.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela ukuba i-Turkish Customs inomthetho ongaqhelekanga wokuba ukuba iimpahla zibuyiselwa kwizibuko ngemvume ebhaliweyo yomntu othunyelweyo kunye "nesaziso sokwala ukufumana iimpahla", iimpahla ziya kuba zizinto zaseTurkey emva kokungena kwizibuko laseTurkey. Kwizibuko ezihlala ixesha elide okanye iimpahla ezingakhutshwanga, i-Customs iya kuba nelungelo lokuthengisa iimpahla ngaphandle komnini kwaye umngenisi wokuqala uya kuba ngumthengi wokuqala.
Imigaqo ethile yeTrust yaseTurkey ibisetyenziswa ngabathengi basekhaya abangafunekiyo kangangeminyaka emininzi, kwaye ukuba abathumeli ngaphandle abalumkanga, baya kuba kwimeko yokungenzi nto.
Kutshanje nje ithunyelwe eTurkey, nceda uqaphele ukhuseleko lwentlawulo!
Ixesha lokuthumela: Matshi-04-2021