Eminyakeni emibili edlule, iTurkey ihlushwe ukuwa kwemali kanye nokwehla kwamandla emali.
Ngo-2020, umqhele omusha waphinde washaya iTurkey, wayicindezela ekuwohlokeni okukhulu komnotho. I-lira yemali yasendaweni yaseTurkey iyawa ngesivinini esiqopha umlando futhi izimali zayo zokushintshanisa imali kwamanye amazwe zehle kakhulu. Izixhumi zetheminali, izixhumi zebhodi le-pcb kuya ebhodini futhi Ukhiye Wokugqamisa kufanele kuqashelwe.
Kulokhu, iTurkey yaphakamisa induku ebizwa ngokuthi iTrade Protection.
01 Ukucindezeleka
Umnotho waseTurkey ubulokhu usesimweni sokuwohloka komnotho isikhathi eside kusukela engxenyeni yesibili ka-2018, ingasaphathwa eyomnotho wawo obuthakathaka, obhebhethekiswe ubhubhane olusha lwe-crown luka-2020.
I-Moody's, i-ejensi yokulinganisa yamazwe ngamazwe, yehlise izinga lesikweletu laseTurkey elizimele lisuka ku-B1 laya ku-B2 ngoSepthemba 2020 ngesizathu sokuthi ukuqhubeka kwezwe ukwehla kwezimali zangaphandle kubangele izingozi zokulinganisela izinkokhelo, izinselele zomnotho kanye namabhamuza ezezimali.
Kwikota yesithathu ka-2020, umnotho waseTurkey ubonise ukuthambekela kokusimama. Kodwa-ke, ngokusho kwedatha yakamuva ye-Turkish Bureau of Statistics (TUIK), inkomba yentengo yabathengi eTurkey ikhuphuke ngo-1.25% ngoDisemba 2020 kusukela ngoNovemba kanye no-14.6% kusukela esikhathini esifanayo ngo-2019.
Amanani ezimpahla nezinsizakalo ezahlukahlukene, ezokuthutha, ukudla kanye neziphuzo ezingezona utshwala akhuphuke kakhulu, ngamaphesenti angama-28.12, 21.12 kanye namaphesenti angama-20.61, ngokulandelana, uma kuqhathaniswa nesikhathi esifanayo ngo-2019.
UMengameli waseTurkey uRecep Tayyip Erdoğan, yize eqine kakhulu ngenqubomgomo yezangaphandle, akanakuzisiza ekhaya.
Maphakathi noDisemba 2020, u-Erdoğan wamemezela izindlela eziningana zokusiza amabhizinisi amancane naphakathi kanye nabahwebi ukuthi basinde ezinyangeni ezintathu ezizayo. Kodwa izazi zezomnotho zithi lezi zinyathelo, ezithathwe sekwephuzile futhi ngezinga elincane, kungenzeka zingabi nomthelela omkhulu emnothweni waseTurkey ohlukunyeziwe.
Ngokusho kocwaningo lwakamuva olukhishwe yiMetroPoll, ama-25% abantu abaphendulile eTurkey bathi abakwazi ngisho nokuhlangabezana nezidingo zabo eziyisisekelo. Ukuzethemba kwezomnotho eTurkey kwehle kwaya ku-86.4 ngoDisemba kusuka ku-89.5 ngoNovemba, ngokusho kwe-Turkish Statistical Office. Noma yiliphi inani elingaphansi kwamaphuzu ayi-100 libonisa ukungabi nathemba emphakathini.
Njengamanje, u-Erdoğan, owalahlekelwa ukwesekwa ngumngane wakhe uTrump, unikeze igatsha le-EU ithuba lokuthola usizo, ebhalela uMengameli waseFrance uMacron ngezingxoxo zevidiyo ngethemba lokulungisa kancane kancane ubudlelwano ne-EU.
Kodwa ngokusho kombiko wakamuva we-Al Jazeera, iTurkey isenkambisweni "yezingxabano zomphakathi", ikhuluma ngokuwohloka kwesimo sezomnotho sasekhaya eTurkey, ifuna ukhetho lukamongameli nolwephalamende kusenesikhathi.
Ukuwa kwesilinganiso sokushintshaniswa kwemali
Kwabasebenza kabi kakhulu emhlabeni ngo-2020, i-lira yaseTurkey kumele ibe negama elithi ——5.94 rira uma iqhathaniswa nedola ekuqaleni konyaka, yehla yaya cishe ku-7.5 Lila ngoDisemba, Ukwehla kwaminyaka yonke kwaba ngu-25%, Yaba yimakethe ekhulayo embi kakhulu ngemva kweBrazil! Ekuqaleni kukaNovemba 2020, inani le-lira yaseTurkey lehla laya phansi kakhulu: idola lalingu-8.5 rials.
Lona unyaka wesishiyagalombili ulandelana lapho i-lira yehla khona, futhi iningi lokwehla kwaminyaka yonke lingaphezu kuka-10%. Ngomhlaka-2 Januwari 2012, izinga lokushintshaniswa kwe-lira uma liqhathaniswa nedola lase-United States lalingu-1.8944. Kodwa ngomhlaka-31 Disemba 2020, i-lira yehle yaya ku-7.4392 uma iqhathaniswa nedola, ukwehla kwakungaphezu kuka-300% eminyakeni eyisishiyagalombili.
Uma inani lemali yezwe lehla kakhulu, izindleko zokungenisa impahla ziyanda, futhi kunzima ukusho ukuthi abathumeli baseTurkey abakwazi ukubekezelela ukuwa kwamanje kwe-lira yaseTurkey. Kulokhu, abanye osomabhizinisi baseTurkey bangakhetha ukumisa ukuthengiselana, noma ngisho nokumisa inkokhelo yokugcina, bese benqaba izimpahla.
Futhi ukuze kungenelele emakethe yokushintshaniswa kwemali yangaphandle, iTurkey icishe yaqeda imali yayo yokugcina imali yangaphandle. Kodwa umphumela uba ukuthi i-lira isancipha, umphumela wangempela ulinganiselwe.
Ngesikhathi ebhekene nenkinga yemali, uMengameli waseTurkey uRecep Tayyip Erdogan wake wanxusa umphakathi ukuthi uthenge i-lira bese uqala "umkhankaso kazwelonke" wokumelana "nesitha sezomnotho". Uma umuntu ebeka amadola, ama-euro noma igolide ngaphansi komcamelo, iya ebhange bese uwashintshanisa nge-lira yaseTurkey. Lena impi kazwelonke," kusho u-Erdoğan. "Ngeke silahlekelwe yimpi yezomnotho."
Kodwa ngesikhathi lapho abantu bevame ukuthenga igolide ngenani - abantu baseTurkey bathola igolide ngamanani aqopha umlando. Naphezu kokuwa izinyanga ezintathu zilandelana, igolide likhuphuke cishe ngo-19% kusukela ngo-2020.
03 Ukuvikelwa kwezohwebo
Ngenxa yalokho, iTurkey yaphakamisa induku "yokuvikela ukuhweba". Ekuqaleni kuka-2021, iTurkey ichithe amacala amaningana:
Eqinisweni, iTurkey iyizwe elinamacala amaningi ophenyo lokukhululeka kwezohwebo emikhiqizweni yaseShayina, futhi ngo-2020, izoqhubeka nokuphenya nokubeka intela kweminye imikhiqizo.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela ukuthi i-Turkish Customs inomthetho ongavamile wokuthi uma izimpahla zibuyiselwa echwebeni ngemvume ebhaliwe yomthengisi kanye "nesaziso sokwenqaba ukwamukela izimpahla", izimpahla zizoba yimpahla yaseTurkey ngemuva kokungena echwebeni laseTurkey. Ezikhungweni ezihlala isikhathi eside noma izimpahla ezingakhishwanga, i-Trust izoba nelungelo lokuthengisa izimpahla ngaphandle komnikazi futhi umngenisi wokuqala uzoba ngumthengi wokuqala.
Izinhlinzeko ezithile ze-Turkish Customs bezisetshenziswa ngabathengi basekhaya abangafuneki iminyaka eminingi, futhi uma abathumeli ngaphandle bengaqapheli, bazoba sesimweni sokunganaki.
Ngakho-ke isanda kuthunyelwa eTurkey, sicela uqaphele ukuphepha kwenkokhelo!
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Mashi-04-2021