Iyi yemhando yepamusoro, yakagara-yakasimbiswa PC yanga yakatarisa pasi paPCMag's PC Labs kwenguva yakareba kupfuura chero munhu muchikwata chedu angayeuke.Kune yayo huru 40, takaichenesa ... uye ndokuibvisa.
Kana iwe uchida kugadzira bhaisikopo pamusoro pemakore makumi mana ekuzvarwa kweBMM PC (Nyamavhuvhu 12, 2021), ini ndichavhotera zita: Pachave neguruva.Imhaka yekuti basa rangu nderekuvandudza maIBM PC ekare muPC lab yePCMag, kuitira kuti agone kuvandudzwa pamazuva akakosha.Ooh!
Kwemakumi emakore, matatu IBM PCs kubva kuma1980s, imwe neimwe yakashongedzerwa inoenderana neyekutarisisa, yakabata PC Labs uye yakaachengeta pamasherufu akakwirira.Mabasa emu museum akapona nekushandiswa chaiko, kutamiswa kwemahofisi akawanda, uye mascrewdrivers evasingaverengeki vanoongorora hardware.Vagara kwenguva yakareba zvekuti hapana kana mumwe wechikwata cha2021 angarangarira pavakapedzisira kuparadzwa, kupfurwa huruva nekushamiswa.Muchokwadi, hapana anonyatsoziva kuti ndeipi modhi.
Ndakapedza mazuva mazhinji ndichiunganidza nekubvisa PC, asi ini handisi chigadzirwa chechizvarwa chekutanga chePC.Komputa yangu yekutanga, kutenderera 1984, yaive yakachipa Commodore VIC-20.PaTV yakasviba-uye-chena, ndakanyora mapurogiramu eBASIC mumagazini mukati mayo uye ndakaachengeta kune cumbersome cassette tepi drive.(Ndagara ndichigodora shamwari dziya dzine C64 ine simba uye yekunze floppy disk.) Ndakatambisirwa Apple Mac LC desktop muna 1991, ipapo Mac clone (Pane anorangarira UMAX SuperMacs?), uyezve nhamba yangu yekutanga PC clone. ...handina kumbocheuka.
Izvi zvinoreva kuti: Ndakashaya marwadzo ari kukura eBMM PC mumakore ekutanga e10 kana zvakadaro.Wadii kufambirana nenguva yakarasika muna 2021?
Ndakatora matatu IBM maPC ePC Labs kubva mudura.Mushure memaminitsi mashanu ekutsvaga kweGoogle, kutsvaga nekukurudzira, ndakaona kuti maviri ePC aive IBM PC XT, yechipiri-chizvarwa modhi.(Iyo bheji duku re "XT" riri mberi rinofanira kuva chipo chakafa.) Vakadzokera kusherufu.Tichachengeta zvigadzirwa zviviri izvi zve 40th anniversary yePC XT muna March 2023. Asi imwe yacho ndeyechokwadi IBM PC Model 5150-zita remhuri yekutanga IBM PC.(Kurumidzai!) Asi yakanga iri marara mukati nokunze.(Shh!)
Munguva yakapfuura, PC Labs inogona kunge yakaita mabiko erave mune yayo relic Model 5150 pachiitiko chemakumi maviri kana makumi maviri neshanu ekuyeukwa kweIBM PC.Imwe yemafloppy drives yakabviswa uye yakaiswa parutivi, inogona kunge isiri yekutanga.Vamwe vanhu vakangwara vakaisa HD-DVD drive muhafu yehuviri-hurefu 5.25-inch drive bay.(Yeuka HD-DVD? Zvimwe haufaniri kuita izvi.) Imwe hafu ine yekare, yakasviba 5.25-inch Seagate hard drive yakagara mukati, inotsvedza yakasununguka.
Bvisa chivharo, mukati me5150 yakafanana nemhedzisiro yebato rehukama.Slime yebrown yatora nzvimbo pane dzimwe tambo dzeribhoni ... neimwe nzira ichiri kunamira.Coca-Cola yabuda?(Tichifunga nezvezera, pamwe iNew Coke.) Bhatiri asidhi?Hazvina mhosva kuti chii, doro rekupukuta rinogona kuzvigadzirisa.(Um.)
Loose shell: iyo interface kadhi yeSeagate hard drive.Chaizvoizvo zvinoreva loose-like loose shanduko.Bvisa izvozvo.Haisiwo chiratidzo chakanaka.
Tine chete IBM PC Model 5150 iyo inoshandiswa zvakanaka uye inowanzoshungurudzwa.Iyo kambani barcode kubva kuZiff-Davis (kambani yevabereki vePCMag kwemakore mazhinji) inoratidza kuti iyi yaimbova midziyo yeIT, simba guru rekumwe kugadzirisa kwenguva refu.Imwe nyanzvi yePCMagger yakaichengeta kubva pamurwi wezvimedu kuti ishandiswe mune ramangwana.
Kumwe kucherechedzwa kwakaitwa kwakatenderedza bhodhi raamai, uye iyi tidbit yakawanikwa padivi pemupendero mumwe: "64KB-256KB CPU."Izvi zvakaratidza kuti modhi ye5150 yaive yakadzokororwa gare gare.Maiwe, yedu IBM PC haisi "yepakutanga" yepakutanga, iyo OG 1981 PC.Yakaunganidzwa makore mashoma gare gare.
Kufembera kwakanyanya: 1984. Mucheka wejira wakanamirwa mukati me mono speaker unoratidza kuti mukurukuri akagadzirwa kana kuunganidzwa munaGunyana 1984, pamwe muFlorida.Hazvina kujeka kuti chii chinonzi label.
Dambudziko nderekuti "yepakutanga" IBM PC yakatanga muna 1981 yainzi Model 5150, asi iyo 5150 yakazogadziridzwa.Yakanga iri mukugadzirwa kweakawanda ema1980, yakagadziridzwa uye yakagadziridzwa, uye yakatengeswa mukufambirana neakazotevera modhi, senge inotevera hombe vhezheni, IBM PC XT.Wedu akapona murabhoritari haasi munhu wekare, asi ane kunze kumwe chete uye matumbo akafanana.
Isu hatina IBM keyboard padhuze, uye DOS floppy disks akarasika kwemakore mazhinji, saka isu tinogona chaizvo kuita zvinhu zvishoma nePC.Kuibatanidza kumonitor (zvimwe pane izvozvo gare gare) uye kutanga zvinongokonzera nhevedzano yehasha beep.Asi isu taida kuita mafirimu sisitimu yekuwedzera PCMag's kudhindwa kweiyo yekutanga wongororo yeBMM PC muna 1981. Unogona kuiona mune chinongedzo uye kutarisa iyo yekutanga magazini paGoogle Books (tisingataure mubvunzo wedu wekumashure).
Saka mukuita mafoto, ndakaita zvaiitwa nechero anozviremekedza ega hardware hound: kubvarura!Vashandi vedu vanotora mifananidzo Molly Flores (Molly Flores) vakamira pedyo kuti vatore mifananidzo.Isu takaita iyo 2021 PCMag studio kugadzirisa pamaPC pakati pe-1980s.Zvinoita sehurombo kutambisa iyi mifananidzo yakanaka, saka huya ushanyire nesu.
Zvekare, handisi mwana weiyo yekutanga PC revolution pakati pe80s, saka ongororo yangu pano ichange ichishamisa, uye ichatevera ndangariro dzinoshamisa dzeaimbove mupepeti-mukuru-mukuru Michael Miller mune dzimwe nzvimbo, akatanga ataura. -ruoko .Naizvozvo, ndapota ndibatei nemazvo uye musiye ndangariro dzenyu mumashoko ari pazasi pechinyorwa!
Kutanga kune mamwe mapikicha anonakidza ekare 5150. Molly inoita kuti iite seyakanaka kupfuura yainoratidzika.Ndinoshandisa sipo yakapfava nematauro kukwesha chasi, ndinowedzera zvipukupu zvedoro kuti ndibvise tsvina yakasindimara, uye ndinoshandisa mweya wemumagaba kuchenesa tsuro dzine guruva dziri mukati.Akakwesha akasara muPhotoshop.
Ndiyo IBM 5151 yekutarisa pamusoro penyaya.Iyi ndeye CRT yemonochrome ine yakanakisa kugadzirisa ... mavara makumi masere, mitsara makumi maviri neshanu.(Ndokumbira utarise kuti aya mavara, kwete mapikseli.) IBM's Monochrome Display Adapter (MDA), kadhi rekutanga revhidhiyo, raigona kunge rakagonesa mapaneru, kunyangwe isu takashamisika patavhura nyaya.(Ichatsanangurwa zvakadzama gare gare.)
...Hapana zvimwe zvinodzora pachiratidziro, kunyangwe switch ye on/off.Imhaka yekuti iyo yekutarisa plugs yakananga kumashure kwePC kesi kuburikidza netambo mbiri dzakaomarara ...
...Imwe yemagetsi uye imwe yechiratidzo chevhidhiyo.(Tichavhara makadhi aya, zviteshi, uye zvigadziko gare gare.) Kugonesa PC desktop kuchasimbisawo tarisisa.
Saka pano tine 5150-mhando yekunze chassis, iyo yakachena kupfuura kubvira munenge muna 1986...
Iwo maviri ekutanga madhiraivha ari 5.25 inch floppy disks ane kukiya levers ayo anobatana neinogutsa ka-chunk.Tichavasuma zvizere gare gare;tichavabudisa.(Chokwadi, ndaifanira kudzosera mafoto aya munzvimbo; muunganidzwa wekare wemuseum wakatsiviwa makumi emakore apfuura.)
Uku ndiko kuongorora kwese kuseri kwepaneru.Kune makadhi matatu muISA yekuwedzera kadhi slot, uye iyo isina kushandiswa slot haina chivharo, yave nguva refu kubva ipapo.
Iwe unogona zvakare kuona yekare "Made in USA" chiratidzo pamusoro peiyo modhi yekuzivikanwa bheji.Mangani ma desktops aungataura izvozvi?
Ipapo kune dzakaomarara-waya madoko eBMM peripherals.Zviripachena, iyo cartridge port haisi kushandiswa zvakanyanya, nekuti akawanda mavhezheni e5150 anotengeswa anosanganisira floppy drive.(Chero kutaurwa nezve tepi yakabatana nePC kuchaita kuti ndidedere: Kufunga kumashure kuVIC-20 yangu, basa rangu rakatanga nemhando dzekutanga dzePC kuchengetedza, mazhinji acho aibva kumatepi madhiraivha seExabyte, Iomega, uye Tandberg muma1990s. .)
Iyo main power switch iri padivi rekurudyi, pedyo nekuseri.Inoperekedzwa nekudzvanya kwakanaka, kwenyama.Iwe hausi kuzowana shanduko yechiremera chakadaro padesktop yako, ndezvechokwadi.Pamwe i fighter console.
Kana ari madoko asara ePC, ari pamashure emakadhi ekuwedzera akati wandei.Iyo ine RCA jack kuruboshwe zviri pachena kadhi remifananidzo;5151-mhando yekutarisa inobata ne9-pini yekubatanidza.Asi chii chiri kurudyi?
Ini ndakura zvekurangarira makadhi eSCSI uye anofananidzira zviteshi, uye zvinoita senge zvekupedzisira.Pane nzira imwe chete yekuziva nayo.(Kuti ndione kuti ndakanganisa, ndizvozvo.)
Chinhu chimwe chete chinoda kujeka: zvese nezve yekutanga IBM PC inorema.IBM's hofori mainframe yaimbozivikanwa nezita remadunhurirwa rekuti "Big Iron", asi iyi komputa yedesktop inoenderana ne "Little Iron" (kunyangwe hongu, nyaya yacho iri simbi chaiyo).Yakakora uye inorema.
Kavha yacho ndeyechokwadi kunyanya.Svetera mberi kuti ubvise;usachiisa patsoka dzako.Ndakasiya iri dzungu rakashama frame...
...Kunze kwekutenderera kwakakura uye kwakatetepa kweiyo mbiri floppy drive, hairatidzike seyakajairika kana ichienzaniswa neanhasi desktop masisitimu.
Zvechokwadi, nemagetsi emagetsi, iyo yakanyorwa pamusoro yakanyanyisa kupera, asi marongerwo anowanzozivikanwa, uye pane kunyange guru guru rekubatanidza uye ... Molex connector kune motherboard!Izvi zvichiri kushandiswa nhasi.
Ini ndoda kupinda mukati mebhodhi reamai, saka zvimwe zvikamu zvinofanirwa kutamiswa.Dhonza kadhi rekuwedzera kutanga, woridzvanya pane yekumashure ine screws.
Iyi ndiyo yekutanga, uye yakabatana kune floppy drive kuburikidza netambo yeribhoni.Ndiyo floppy drive controller kadhi.Panguva iyoyo, akawanda ekutanga masisitimu ekubatanidza aifanira kuwedzerwa kuburikidza nekuwedzera makadhi ...
Iwe unogona kuona kuti tambo yeribhoni yemukati ichiri kubatanidzwa;iri daisy-yakasungirirwa kune maviri 5.25-inch floppy disks.Kumwe kutsvagurudza kunoratidza kuti kadhi iri ishanduro yakagadziridzwa yedhizaini kadhi.Iyo yekunze chiteshi ndeyekunze floppy drives;haisi SCSI kana parallel port.
Iri kadhi hombe remifananidzo rakareba semakadhi emazuva ano ekupedzisira-ekupedzisira, uye anopfuura hafu awo akaiswa nevanasikana mabhodhi.Kwakabva kadhi iri hazvinzwisisike uye zvinoda basa remumba.Iyi haisiriyo IBM's basic MDA kadhi.Pakutanga ndakafunga kuti inogona kunge iri mushure mekutengesa-kusimudzira.Nekudaro, iri idambudziko reIBM.Iyo IBM Enhanced Graphics Adapter (EGA), iyo mwanasikana bhodhi ndeyekuwedzerwa kweiyo graphics memory, uye inoiswa yakatarisana nekadhi.(Iyo kadhi ine 64K graphics memory standard.) Iyo yakatangira yeVGA, inogona kushandiswa kuburitsa ruvara kusvika ku640 x 350. umbozha!
Nezviyero zvemazuva ano, kadhi iri zvirokwazvo chikara chisina kujairika.Kune akaturikidzana epachena epurasitiki yakatetepa kuseri kwekadhi remwanasikana kudzivirira iyo yakawedzera ukobvu kubva pakubata iri padyo neISA kadhi uye pamwe ichikonzera pfupi dunhu.Iyo dzvuku block ("Grayhill") mukona yekumusoro yekurudyi seti yeDIP switch yekumisikidza kushanda kwekadhi zvinoenderana nemonitor yauri kushandisa.(Tichaona zvimwe zvezvinhu izvi gare gare.)
Ndiyo machipisi akawanda uye majoini ekutengesa.Sekuziva kwangu, ndeimwe yeIntel inonzi "onboard" ISA memory yekuwedzera makadhi.Aya ndiwo maitiro aunowedzera iyo huru sisitimu ndangariro, kare PC yakajairwa maDIMM uye SO-DIMM isati yaonekwa mumaziso emunhu wese.
Iri ibhodhi renyika dzakawanda.Kana iwe ukanyatsotarisisa, akawanda machipisi (iyo NEC memory module denda) anogadzirwa muJapan, asi mamwe anogadzirwa muMalaysia, Mexico, uye El Salvador.Vamwe vasina hukama hwakajeka vanogonawo kuitwa muUnited States.Haisi yakanyanya ISA kadhi semusangano weUnited Nations.
Saka izvi zvinotidzosera kubhodhi reamai.Asi kuti ubvise bhodhi redunhu iwe unofanirwa kubvisa imwe ye floppy drives, iyo inodzivirira kupinda kune imwe ye screws inoichengetedza kune chassis.Naizvozvo, bvisa tambo yeribhoni uye bvisa chinongedzo chemagetsi chekuruboshwe dhiraivha...
Wobva waburitsa screwdriver, sunungura ma screws maviri, uye dhiraivha inobuda kunze kwenyaya senge chero yakanaka 5.25-inch mudziyo usati ...
Iyi ndiyo yakajairika Molex yekubatanidza iyo inopa simba drive;mamwe maperipherals achiri kushandiswa mumakomputa emunhu nhasi...
Saka, iyo kiyi screw inoburitswa pabhodhi reamai!Izvo zvishoma zviputi mumakona (zvakajairika misoro panzvimbo yePhilips misoro, izvo zvinoshamisa) zviri nyore kubvisa.Asi iyo mamaboard inobatwawo munzvimbo neimwe yakashata zvishoma epurasitiki extrusion yekubatanidza matanda, ayo anopfuura nemaburi mubhodhi reamai.Iwe unofanirwa kuasvina zvinyoro nyoro neminwe yako kana pliers, uye wobva waapfuura nepamaburi ekukwira ebhodhi redunhu.Dambudziko nderekuti unosunungura mamwe, uye anozoonekwazve kana washanda pane mamwe.Unoda maoko matanhatu kana manomwe kuti uasvine kamwechete!
Nekudaro, murwere akavaburitsa vese mumaminitsi angangoita gumi, uye bhodhi reamai rakatsvedza kubva padivi penyaya ...
Chiono chinoshamisa zvakadini!Kwete mutorwa.Kunyangwe paine mimwe misiyano iri pachena, iyi haisi miriyoni mamaira kure nemabhodhi emazuva ano.Kune rimwe divi, iyi ndiyo yese I/O port panhi...
Zvino, aya ekutanga maPC mamaboards haana iyo BIOS sezvatinoiziva.Iwe wakagadzirisa hardware yako neDIP switch uye wakaishandisa nebhuku rekushandisa (panogona kunge paine mafoni ekuda kutsigirwa nehunyanzvi kana shamwari yako ye geek)...
Ndakarangarira izvi kubva kune mamwe gare gare maPC clones andaive nawo.(Ndichiri kurangarira kuti ndaivavenga.) Pane mabheji maviri eaya mabheji ebhuruu akaipa pa5150 board.
Zvakare pabhodhi: zvimwe ndangariro.Yakatoiswa welding apa.Isu tasuduruka kubva kune yakajairika DIMM nguva.Memory density haisati yasvika padanho ravanoda kuti vawane ndangariro dzakakwana pamemory stick yehukuru uhu...kwete kana kuvhara.
Iyi ndiyo huru yekubatanidza simba reamai bhodhi.Ndisati ndakwenya bhodhi reamai, ndakabvisa chinotungamira chemagetsi.Icho chinhu chekunze kune yakajairwa ATX 20 + 4 pini yekubatanidza sezvatinoiziva nhasi, asi iri pachena tateguru.
Kuenzaniswa nechero ichangoburwa mamaboard, chinhu chimwe chete chiri kushaikwa ndechekuti: Ndeipi CPU, CPU socket, uye sink yekupisa?Zvakanaka, izvi zvinoda kucherechedzwa, asi isu takazowana iyo chip ...
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-10-2021