Amabati ya motherboard akoreshwa mu by'ikoranabuhanga akenera imitwe ya pin isanzwe n'iy'ubucucike bwinshi — imiterere ya 2.54mm na 1.27mm ku mazu ahuza PCB
- Amabati ya motherboard agezweho akoresha ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga akunze guhuza utubati twa pin twa 2.54mm dusanzwe na 1.27mm dufite ubucucike bwinshi ku kibaho kimwe kugira ngo twongere umwanya, ubuziranenge bw'ibimenyetso, no gukora neza.
- Uburyo bwo gupima bwa 2.54mm buracyari uburyo bwo gukora cyane mu bijyanye n'ingufu, porogaramu, no gukemura ibibazo, mu gihe uburyo bwo gupima bwa 1.27mm butanga inzira z'amatangazo yihuta cyane n'ahantu hato ho gupima.
- Amahitamo y'ibikoresho n'ibipfunyika - ibati, zahabu, cyangwa ibipfunyika bitoranijwe - bigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku giciro, ubushobozi bwo gusonerwa, no kwihanganira igihe cyo guhuza.
- Amazu y’inyubako z’ubwubatsi yungukira mu gushaka imiryango yombi y’ibicuruzwa ku nganda imwe kugira ngo hakorwe igenzura ry’ubuziranenge, hagabanywe imiterere y’uruhererekane rw’ibicuruzwa, kandi hakorwe ibiciro by’ubwinshi bw’ibicuruzwa.
Impamvu ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga bigezweho bikenewe ko habaho ubucucike bw'imitwe ibiri ya pin
Iyo dusuzumye imiterere y’ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga bikoreshwa muri iki gihe - kuva kuri za "smart home hubs" na "IoT gateways" kugeza ku bikoresho by’imikino n’ibikoresho by’ubuvuzi bigendanwa - imiterere isobanutse iragaragara. Abashushanya ntibakihitamo hagati y’ibihuza "standard-density" na "high-density"; bakoresha byombi kuri PCB imwe. Ubu buryo bwo gukoresha "dual-pitch" bwabaye imiterere isanzwe ku kibaho icyo ari cyo cyose kigomba kuringaniza imikorere myiza y’ibiciro n’ibintu bigabanuka.
Imbaraga z’iyi gahunda zirasobanutse neza. Uko imiterere y’ibikoresho igenda ikura kandi imiterere y’ibibaho ikagabanuka, buri milimetero kare imwe y’ubutaka bwa PCB ifite ikiguzi. Umutwe w’amapine ya 2.54mm ukoresha ubuso bw’amapine bungana na 1.27mm ku mubare umwe w’amapine. Nyamara ubuziranenge bwa 2.54mm buracyahari kuko butanga imbaraga mu byuma, bworoshye kuvugurura intoki, buhuza ibikoresho byose, kandi bugaragaza ko bufite icyizere mu gutanga ingufu no kugenzura umuvuduko muto.
Muri icyo gihe, kwiyongera kw'imiyoboro ya seriveri yihuta cyane nka MIPI, LVDS, na USB 3.x ku mbuga z'abaguzi bisaba ko habaho intera ikomeye hagati y'amapine kugira ngo hakomeze kubaho impedance igenzurwa kandi igabanye uburebure bw'amapine. Umutwe wa pin wa 1.27mm usubiza iki kibazo, utanga uburyo bwo guhuza buciriritse bushyigikira ibisabwa mu buziranenge bw'ibimenyetso mu gihe bukomeza kuba bujyanye n'uburyo busanzwe bwo guteranya SMT. Twabonye ukwiyongera guhoraho k'umubare w'ama-connector ya 1.27mm mu mafaranga y'ibikoresho twakira abakiriya bacu bo mu nzu y'amateraniro mu myaka itatu ishize, kandi twiteze ko iyo ngeso izakomeza.
Gusobanukirwa uburyo bwo kugena, kugura no guteranya imiryango yombi y’amakuru ni ubumenyi bw'ingenzi ku nzu iyo ari yo yose ikora PCB ikorera urwego rw’ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga. Muri iyi nyandiko, turareba imiterere ya tekiniki ya buri gice, tugasobanura imiterere ifatika n’ingamba zo kugura, kandi tugasangiza ibipimo byo kugenzura ubuziranenge dukoresha mu nganda zacu kugira ngo turebe ko buri mutwe w’amakuru twohereza wujuje ibisabwa ku mirongo yo gutoranya no gushyiramo.
Igipimo cya 2.54mm: Uburyo bwo gukorana hagati ya PCB
Umutwe w'amapine wa 2.54mm (0.100-inch) ushobora kuba ari wo muhuza ukoreshwa cyane mu nganda z'ikoranabuhanga. Inkomoko yawo ikomoka mu ntangiriro z'inganda za PCB, kandi nubwo habayeho impinduka mu ikoranabuhanga ryo gushyiramo ibintu hejuru, umupira wa 2.54mm ntiwakomeje kubaho gusa ahubwo warakomeje gutera imbere. Dukora amapine ya 2.54mm buri kwezi mu kigo cyacu cya Ningbo, kandi icyifuzo kiracyari kinini muri buri cyiciro cy'ibicuruzwa dutanga.
Hari ibintu byinshi bisobanura uburyo iki gice cy’ingufu kigumaho. Icya mbere, intera ya 2.54mm itanga umwanya munini hagati y’amapine yegeranye, bivuze ko ubushobozi bwo gukora burushaho kuba bwinshi. Imashini zikoresha ikoranabuhanga zishobora gushyira izi mashini ku muvuduko wo hejuru hamwe n’ingaruka nke cyane, ndetse no gushyiramo intoki mu gihe cyo gukora ibishushanyo cyangwa kuvugurura biroroshye. Icya kabiri, igice cy’amapine ku mitwe ya 2.54mm ubusanzwe ni kare ya 0.64mm, bigatuma buri pine ikomera cyane kandi ikagira ubushobozi bwo gutwara umuriro butuma imashini zikoresha amashanyarazi neza ndetse n’uburyo bwo gukora ibintu rusange.
Mu buryo bw'ikoranabuhanga bukoreshwa n'abakoresha, tubona buri gihe utubati twa pin twa 2.54mm dukoreshwa mu guhuza JTAG debug, utubati twa programming SPI na I2C, connectors z'abafana, ibimenyetso byo kugenzura imbere, n'ikwirakwizwa ry'ingufu z'inyongera. Izi ni connection aho umuvuduko w'amajwi uba muto (ubusanzwe uri munsi ya 50 MHz), kuramba kwa mekanike ni ingenzi, kandi ubushobozi bwo guhuza no gukuramo ibikoresho byo gupima cyangwa insinga n'intoki ni ngombwa mu gushushanya. Ubu buryo kandi bufite inkunga yagutse mu buryo bw'ibidukikije: hafi ya buri mutanga serivisi zo guhuza, inzu ihuza insinga, n'igikoresho cyo gushushanya PCB bitanga ibice n'ibipimo bihuye na 2.54mm.
Ukurikije uko inzu ikora, icyuma cya 2.54mm gitanga inyungu zikomeye mu mikorere. Imiterere ya solder yo gusubiramo iratanga umusaruro, ibyago byo gutwika imva ni bike bitewe n'uburemere bw'udupira duto, kandi kugenzura neza biroroshye kuko icyuma cyagutse gituma udupira twa solder tworoshye gusuzuma. Iyo tuganira nabo ku makuru y'umusaruro w'abakiriya bacu, imbaho zifite ibyuma bihuza 2.54mm zigaragaza ko hari inenge nke kuri miliyoni y'amahirwe ugereranyije n'izifite ubundi buryo bworoshye bwo gupima. Iyi nyigo yo kwizerwa ni yo mpamvu abashushanya benshi babika nkana ibyuma bigenzura amashanyarazi n'ibikoresho byo kugenzura kuri grid ya 2.54mm nubwo bimura inzira z'ibimenyetso bajya mu tundi dupira duto.
Uburyo bwo Kugabanya Ubucucike bwa 1.27mm: Kuzigama Umwanya no Kubungabunga Ibimenyetso
Nubwo uburebure bwa 2.54mm bukoreshwa neza mu guhuza ibintu muri rusange, biba ikibazo iyo imitungo itimukanwa ku kibaho ike kandi umurongo w'ibimenyetso ukazamuka ukarenga megahertz magana make. Aha niho umutwe wa pin wa 1.27mm (0.050-inch) winjiye mu ishusho. Mu kugabanya hagati hagati ya pin, uburebure bwa 1.27mm butuma abashushanya bashobora gupakira inshuro enye z'ubucucike bw'umuyoboro mu nkengero zimwe z'ikibaho cyangwa mu gice kimwe cy'ikirenge.
Ubushobozi bwo kuzigama umwanya buhita bugaragara iyo tugereranije ingano y'ikirenge ku rundi ruhande. Umutwe wa pin 2x25 kuri pitch ya 2.54mm upima uburebure bwa mm 63.5; imiterere imwe ya pin 50 kuri pitch ya 1.27mm isaba mm 31.75 gusa. Ku gikoresho gito gikoreshwa n'umukoresha - indangururamajwi nziza, imashini igenzura, cyangwa HMI ntoya y'inganda - iryo tandukaniro rishobora kuba hagati yo gushyira igishushanyo mu gikari cyangwa gusaba ivugurura ry'ikibaho rihenze.
Uretse kuzigama umwanya usanzwe, uburebure bwa 1.27mm butanga inyungu zifatika ku bijyanye n'ubuziranenge bw'ibimenyetso. Uburebure bugufi bwa pin no guhuza neza hagati ya pin zegeranye bigabanya uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza ibimenyetso, ibyo bigatuma ubwiza bw'ibimenyetso burushaho kwiyongera. Iyo dukorana n'abakiriya bashushanya imbaho zitwara ibimenyetso bya LVDS, MIPI camera interfaces, cyangwa inzira za USB 3.2, bahitamo cyane utubati twa pin 1.27mm kuri izi nzira z'ingenzi. Uburebure bwa pin bugabanuka kandi bugabanya ibyago byo kugaragara kw'ibimenyetso, impungenge ziba zikomeye hejuru ya 400 MHz.
Ni ngombwa kwemera ko hari aho byahurira. Ingufu za 1.27mm zisaba ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira ibintu bikomeye mu nganda - ubushobozi bwo guhuza ibintu bugomba kugenzurwa muri 0.10mm, kandi ubushobozi bwo guhuza pin bugera kuri kimwe cya kabiri cy’ubwo byemewe kuri 2.54mm. Ibisabwa mu gushyiramo neza mu buryo bwikora biriyongera, kandi isuzuma rya X-ray cyangwa AOI rishobora gukenerwa kugira ngo harebwe ubwiza bw’aho solder ihurira munsi y’imirongo ifite imiterere myiza. Dukemura ibi bibazo binyuze mu gupima neza, kugenzura imiterere y’aho dukorera, no gukorana bya hafi n’amatsinda y’abakiriya bacu mu by’ubuhanga mu gutunganya ibintu kugira ngo twemeze ko ibyuma bihuye mbere yuko umusaruro utangira.
Ingamba zo Gutegura PCB zo mu Nzu z'Inteko Ishinga Amategeko zo mu bwoko bwa Dual-Pitch
Gushushanya motherboard ikoresha imitwe ya pin ya 2.54mm na 1.27mm bisaba gutegura neza kugira ngo wirinde ingorane zikunze kugaragara. Twashyigikiye amagana y'ibishushanyo mbonera by'amapine abiri mu myaka yashize, kandi hari uburyo bwiza butandukanye bwagiye bugaragaza akamaro kabyo. Ihame rya mbere ni ugutandukanya ahantu. Turakugira inama yo gushyira hamwe ama-connector yose ya 2.54mm mu gace kamwe k'amapine n'ama-connector yose ya 1.27mm mu gace katandukanye, byaba byiza ku nkengero zitandukanye z'amapine. Uku gutandukanya byoroshya imikorere y'ibikoresho mu gihe cyo guteranya mu buryo bwikora, bigabanya ibyago byo gusimbuza ibice ku bw'impanuka, kandi bigatuma igenzura ry'ubuziranenge rirushaho kuba ryiza.
Ihame rya kabiri ni uguhuza icyerekezo. Imitwe yose y'amapine y'ikibaho kimwe ku kibaho runaka igomba gusangira icyerekezo kimwe ugereranyije n'umurongo w'ibanze w'ikibaho. Ubu buryo bugabanya umubare w'impinduka z'ibiryo n'imizingo ikoreshwa n'imashini ifata n'aho ishyira, binongera igihe cyo gushyiramo no kugabanya amakosa yo gushyiramo. Mu bunararibonye bwacu, amapine akurikiza iyi gahunda agera ku gipimo cyo gushyiramo vuba kigera kuri 8 kugeza kuri 12 ku ijana kurusha afite icyerekezo kivanze.
Gucunga ubushyuhe mu gihe cyo kongera gusohora amazi ni ikindi kintu cy'ingenzi cyo kwitaho. Imitwe ya pin ya 2.54mm na 1.27mm ifite ubushyuhe butandukanye, bivuze ko ifata ubushyuhe kandi ikabukuraho ku gipimo gitandukanye mu gihe cyo kongera gusohora amazi. Niba ubwoko bwombi bw'ibihuza bushyizwe ku kibaho kimwe, imiterere ya pin igomba guhindurwa kugira ngo ijyane n'ubushyuhe bwinshi bw'umubiri wa 2.54mm nta gushyushya cyane pin ya 1.27mm yoroshye kurushaho. Turakugira inama yo kugaragaza umucuruzi wa pin ushobora gutanga ubuyobozi burambuye ku miterere y'ubushyuhe bushingiye ku bunini bw'pin n'uburyo ibice byategetswe bishyirwamo, ikintu itsinda ryacu ry'abahanga risanzwe riha abafatanyabikorwa bo mu nzu ikora.
Hanyuma, tekereza ku cyiciro cyo gukuramo amapine n'uburyo bwo kuyakoresha. Amapine y'ubugari bwa 1.27mm ashobora kwangirika cyane bitewe no guhindagurika kw'amapine mu gihe cyo gukuramo amapine. Niba amapine y'ubugari bwa 1.27mm ashyizwe hafi y'inkombe y'amapine cyangwa ku ruhande rw'amapine acitse, hashobora kuba ngombwa kongeramo andi mapine cyangwa guhindura ubujyakuzimu bwa V-point. Turagira inama abakiriya bacu kutubwira imiterere yabo yo gushyiramo amapane mbere y'uko igishushanyo mbonera gitangira kugira ngo tubashe kugaragaza ahantu hashobora guteza ibyago no gutanga inama ku buryo bwo gushyiraho amapane mbere yuko ibikoresho bitangira gukoreshwa.
Amahitamo y'ibikoresho n'ibipfunyika: Ibati, Zahabu, n'ibipfunyika bitoranijwe
Guhitamo ibikoresho byo gupfunyika ku mitwe y'amapine bigira ingaruka zitaziguye ku giciro, ubushobozi bwo gupfunyika, ubushobozi bwo guhangana n'ibintu, ndetse n'igihe cyo guhuza. Ku bijyanye na porogaramu za motherboard zikoreshwa mu bikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga, dutanga uburyo butatu busanzwe bwo gupfunyika, no gusobanukirwa igihe cyo kugena buri kimwe bishobora kuzigama ikiguzi kinini cyo kugura hatabayeho kwangiza ireme ry'ibicuruzwa.
Gushyiramo icyuma gifunga amabati ni amahitamo ahendutse cyane kandi ni amahitamo asanzwe ku bicuruzwa bigura amafaranga make. Uduti twacu dusanzwe dufunga amabati dukoresha irangi rya matte-tin rifite ubugari bwa mikorometero 3 kugeza kuri 5 hejuru y'urwego rw'inzitizi ya nikeli. Ibati ritambitse rikundwa kuruta icyuma gicana cyane mu gusoda kuko ritanga imigozi yizewe kandi rirwanya ishyirwaho rya icyuma gifunga amabati. Ku duti tubona imikorere iri munsi ya 50 mu gihe cyose cy'ibicuruzwa - ikubiyemo uduti twinshi dufunga amabati, uduti dufunga amabati, n'imiyoboro y'imbere hagati y'uduti - gushyiramo icyuma gifunga amabati birahagije kandi bigaragaza agaciro keza.
Gushyira zahabu hejuru ya nikeli bigenwa iyo bikenewe ko habaho ubwizigirwa bwinshi cyangwa kwihangana gukomeye mu gihe cyo guhuza. Dushyira urwego rwa zahabu ruri hagati ya mikorometero 0.76 na 1.27 (mikorometero 30 na 50) hejuru y'uruzitiro rwa nikeli ruri hagati ya mikorometero 1.27 na 2.54. Ibikoresho bya zahabu bigumana ubudahangarwa buhamye mu gihe cy'ingendo 500 cyangwa zirenga kandi birwanya ogisijeni n'ingufu mu bidukikije bikonje. Ibi bituma gushyira zahabu hejuru ari amahitamo asanzwe ku bihuza byo hanze, aho bipimirwa kandi bigapimwa, ndetse n'aho bikoreshwa aho ihuriro rishobora kumara igihe kirekire ridafite umurongo mbere yo gukoreshwa.
Gushyiramo irangi ry’indorerwamo bigaragaza ikiguzi cyo hagati. Muri ubu buryo, agace gahuzamo indorerwamo gahabwa irangi rya zahabu mu gihe umurizo w’indorerwamo ugumana irangi rya tini. Ubu buryo bugamije ishoramari ryo gushyiramo irangi aho ari ingenzi cyane - mu buryo bwo guhuza - mu gihe ibiciro byo gushoramo irangi biri hasi. Tubona ko gushyiramo irangi ry’indorerwamo ryihariye birushaho kwiyongera mu bikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga bikoreshwa n’abaguzi, aho icyizere cyo kwizera ibicuruzwa kigenda kizamuka ariko igitutu cy’ikiguzi cy’ibikoresho bigakomeza kuba kinini. Uburyo bwose bwo gushyiramo irangi bujyanye n’ibisabwa mu buryo bungana n’imikorere byavuzwe muri IEC 60603-2, kugenzura ko habaho imikoranire myiza na sisitemu zisanzwe zo guhuza ku isi yose.
Igenzura ry'Ubuziranenge: Ubushobozi bwo gufatanya n'abandi, imbaraga zo kubika PIN, no gucuruza
Kugenzura ubuziranenge mu gukora pin header si amahitamo - ni wo musingi w'umusaruro w'inganda n'ubwizigame bw'umusaruro w'inganda. Dufite gahunda y'igenzura ry'ibice byinshi ikubiyemo buri gipimo cy'ingenzi kuva ku cyemezo cy'ibikoresho fatizo kugeza ku gupakira bya nyuma. Ku bigo by'inganda bya PCB bisuzuma abatanga pin header, ibipimo bitatu by'ingenzi by'ubuziranenge bigomba gupimwa ni coplanarity, imbaraga zo kubika pin, no gusolder.
Coplanarity yerekeza ku rugero rw'aho imigozi yose iri mu gikoresho gihuza ibintu iri mu murongo umwe. Ku bijyanye no gushyira SMT mu buryo bwikora, imigozi igomba kugenzurwa muri 0.10mm ku mitwe y'imigozi ya 2.54mm no muri 0.08mm ku mitwe y'imigozi ya 1.27mm. Iyo imigozi irenze ubwo burenganzira, imigozi imwe ishobora kudakora neza ku gikoresho gihuza ibintu mu gihe cyo gushyiramo, bigatuma habaho imigozi ifunguye cyangwa ikonje nyuma yo kongera gukoreshwa. Dupima imigozi kuri buri gice cy'umusaruro dukoresheje ibikoresho bipima imiterere y'urumuri kandi tugatanga impapuro z'amakuru kuri buri kohereza.
Imbaraga zo kubika pin — imbaraga zisabwa kugira ngo pin ikure mu gikoresho cy’ubwishingizi — ni igipimo cy’ubukomere bwa mashini. Ku pin 2.54mm, dushyiraho imbaraga zo kubika 0.5 kgf; ku pin 1.27mm, nibura ni 0.3 kgf, bigaragaza agace gato k’aho bibangamira. Ipin zananiwe gupima imbaraga zo kubika pin zishobora gukurwa mu gihe cyo gukoresha pin, igerageza ryikora, cyangwa mu gihe cyo gukorera mu murima. Buri gice twohereza kirageragezwa kugira ngo hemezwe ko cyujuje ibi bisabwa.
Ubushobozi bwo kugurisha bupimwa hakurikijwe IPC-A-610 Ibipimo byo kwemerwa. Dukora ibizamini byo kugabanya ubushyuhe no gusuzuma ibizamini byo kugabanya ubushyuhe no kureba ku bipimo by'ibipimo bya buri gikorwa kugira ngo twemeze ko ibipimo bitanga ubwishingizi buhoraho kandi budafite ubusa. Ku bipimo bikozwe mu mabati, dukora kandi ibizamini byo gusaza byihuse ku bushyuhe bwinshi n'ubushuhe kugira ngo twemeze ko bidashobora gusodeshwa igihe kirekire. Urutonde rwacu rwuzuye rwa ibicuruzwa by'umutwe w'ipine ikorwa hakurikijwe aya mahame, kandi twishimiye igenzura ry’ibikorwa byacu by’ubuziranenge igihe icyo ari cyo cyose rikorwa n’abantu batatu.
Ibitekerezo ku bijyanye no kugura ibikoresho byinshi ku nzu z’inama za PCB
Gushaka ibyuma binini byo gupima pin kugira ngo bikoreshwe mu buryo bw'ikoranabuhanga bikubiyemo ibirenze kugereranya ibiciro by'ibikoresho gusa. Dukorana bya hafi n'amatsinda ashinzwe gutanga amasoko kugira ngo twongere ikiguzi cy'ubutaka, kandi hari ibintu byinshi bitandukanya uruhererekane rw'ibikoresho bicungwa neza n'uruhererekane rw'ibikoresho binini.
Igitekerezo cya mbere ni uguhuza. Gushaka utubati twombi twa 2.54mm na 1.27mm duturutse ku ruganda rumwe - aho kugabanya ingano y'ibikoresho mu batanga ibicuruzwa benshi - bitanga inyungu zifatika: inyandiko z'ubuziranenge, ahantu hamwe ho guhindura ikoranabuhanga, kohereza ibicuruzwa hamwe bigabanya ikiguzi cy'ubwikorezi, hamwe n'uburyo bukomeye bwo kuganira ku biciro by'ubwikorezi. Dutanga imiterere y'ibiciro mu byiciro bitandukanye ihemba abatumiza bahujwe mu miryango y'abatanga ibicuruzwa no mu miterere y'abahuza ibicuruzwa.
Gucunga igihe cyo gukoresha ibikoresho ni ikintu cya kabiri cy'ingenzi. Imiterere isanzwe ya 2.54mm iva mu bubiko bwacu bwa Ningbo mu minsi 3 kugeza kuri 5 y'akazi. Kubara pin zihariye, plating yihariye, cyangwa 1.27mm bisaba iminsi 15 kugeza kuri 25 y'akazi bitewe n'ingano. Dufite amasezerano y'umutekano n'abakiriya bacu basanzwe, tukabika ububiko bushobora gusubikwa mu gihe gito kugira ngo hishyurwe izamuka ry'umusaruro nta kiguzi cy'ububiko burenze urugero mu nzu iteranyirizwamo ibicuruzwa.
Inyandiko n'amategeko ntibikwiye kwirengagizwa. Buri kohereza ibintu byinshi twohereza birimo icyemezo cy'uko ibintu bihuye n'amabwiriza, raporo z'igenzura ry'ibipimo, ibisubizo by'ibizamini by'ubugari bw'ibipimo, n'itangazo rya RoHS / REACH. Ku mazu ahuriramo akorera amasoko agengwa n'amategeko nk'ibikoresho by'ubuvuzi cyangwa ibicuruzwa by'imodoka byegereye, dushobora gutanga imenyekanisha ry'ibikoresho mu buryo bwa IPC-1752 no gushyigikira igenzura ry'inganda muri gahunda zijyanye n'ibisabwa n'abakiriya. Gushyiraho iyi nyandiko shingiro mu ntangiriro y'umubano w'abatanga ibicuruzwa bikuraho gutinda mu gihe cy'igenzura ritaha kandi byihutisha igihe cyo gukora ibishushanyo bishya by'inama.
Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa
Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati y'imitwe ya pin ya 2.54mm na 1.27mm?
Itandukaniro ry'ibanze ni ubugari bw'amapine - intera iri hagati y'amapine yegeranye. Umutwe w'amapine wa 2.54mm ukoresha ubugari bw'amapine bwa santimetero 0.100 busanzwe bukoreshwa mu nganda kuva mu gihe cyo gukora PCB, butanga imbaraga zikomeye za mekanike no koroshya gukoresha intoki. Umutwe w'amapine wa 1.27mm ugabanya intera hagati y'ayo mapine, bigatuma ubucucike bw'amapine bukuba inshuro enye kuri buri gice. Ubwoko bwa 1.27mm bukwiriye cyane mu gukoresha amajwi yihuta cyane, ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga bito, n'imiterere aho imitungo itimukanwa iba ku rwego rwo hejuru. Ubwoko bwombi buboneka mu buryo bugororotse, iburyo, na SMD kuva kuri NBGJGE.
Ese nshobora gukoresha imitwe ya pin ya 1.27mm nk'uburyo bwo gusimbuza imitwe ya 2.54mm ku miterere ya PCB isanzweho?
Oya, imitwe ya pin ya 1.27mm ntabwo ari yo isimbura imitwe ya 2.54mm. Uburyo butandukanye bwo gupima imiterere y'aho PCB inyura, imiterere y'imyobo, n'inzira z'aho inzira zinyura byose bigomba kuvugururwa. Kugerageza gusimbuza imwe mu yindi bizatuma habaho imiterere mibi no gutsindwa. Ariko, niba urimo gushushanya ikibaho gishya cyangwa uteganya kuvugurura, guhindura inzira z'ibimenyetso by'ingenzi kuri 1.27mm mu gihe ingufu n'imitwe ya porogaramu biguma kuri 2.54mm ni ingamba zagaragaye ko amazu menshi ateranya akoresha kugira ngo ahuze ubucucike n'ubushobozi bwo gukora.
Ni ubuhe buryo bwo gushyiramo plating buhari ku byuma bikoresha pin headers mu bikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga?
Ku bijyanye n'amabati y'ikoranabuhanga akoreshwa n'abaguzi, dutanga amahitamo atatu asanzwe yo gushyiramo: gushyiramo ibati (bihendutse, bikwiriye gukoreshwa mu buryo bwinshi buhendutse hamwe n'imikorere isanzwe yo gushyiramo ibati iri munsi ya 50), gushyiramo ibati rya zahabu hejuru y'umugozi wa nikeli (ubugari bwa mikorometero 0.76 kugeza 1.27, bifite amanota arenga 500 yo gushyiramo ibati, bikunzwe gukoreshwa mu buryo bwizewe kandi bukoresha frequency nyinshi), hamwe no gushyiramo ibati aho agace gahuriraho kakira zahabu mu gihe umurizo w'icyuma uhabwa ibati. Gushyiraho ibati binoza igiciro ugereranyije n'imikorere. Amahitamo yose akurikiza amabwiriza ya IEC 60603-2 yerekeye imiterere n'amashanyarazi.
Ni gute amazu y’inyubako za PCB agenzura ubwiza bw’umutwe w’ipine mbere yo gushyirwaho?
Inzu zikora ibyuma zigenzura ubusanzwe ibipimo bitatu by'ingenzi by'ubuziranenge: coplanarity (imigozi yose igomba kuba iri hagati ya 0.10mm uvuye ku murongo w'ifatizo kugira ngo ishyirwe mu buryo bwizewe mu buryo bwikora), imbaraga zo kubika imigozi (buri migozi igomba kwihanganira imbaraga nke zo gukuramo, ubusanzwe 0.5 kgf kuri 2.54mm na 0.3 kgf kuri 1.27mm, kugira ngo hamenyekane ubuziranenge bw'imashini mu gihe cyo kuyikoresha), hamwe n'isuzuma ry'ubushobozi bwo kuyisonesha hakurikijwe ibipimo bya IPC-A-610. Dutanga amakuru y'igenzura mbere yo kohereza n'ibyemezo byerekana ko ijyanye na buri gicuruzwa kinini, harimo raporo z'ibipimo n'ubunini bw'ibipimo.
Ni ibihe bihe bisanzwe byo gutanga inguzanyo n'ingano ntoya yo gutumiza ku mabwiriza ya bulk pin header?
Imitwe isanzwe ya pin ya 2.54mm mu buryo busanzwe (1x40, 2x20, 2x25) iboneka mu bubiko ifite igihe cyo kwishyura kuva ku minsi 3 kugeza kuri 5 y'akazi. Umubare wa pin wihariye, iplati idasanzwe, cyangwa ubwoko bwa 1.27mm bufite ubucucike bwinshi akenshi bisaba iminsi 15 kugeza kuri 25 y'akazi bitewe n'ingano n'ibipimo. Umubare ntarengwa w'ibicuruzwa byacu utangirira ku bice 1.000 ku bintu bisanzwe n'ibice 5.000 ku bicuruzwa byihariye. Dufite umutekano ku bakiriya basubiramo kandi dutanga gahunda zo kugeza ibicuruzwa ku mazu ateranyirizwamo hamwe n'ibisabwa bihoraho mu gukora.
Ese mutanga ubufasha mu bya tekiniki ku gishushanyo mbonera cya PCB n'imiterere y'aho ibyuma biherereye?
Yego, dutanga ubufasha bwuzuye bwa tekiniki ku bahanga mu miterere ya PCB. Ibi birimo ibishushanyo mbonera by’ibice byatanzwe muri DXF na Gerber ku bwoko bwose bwa pin header, modeles za 3D STEP zo kugenzura imiterere y’ibikoresho, hamwe n’inyandiko zikubiyemo uburyo bwiza bwo gushyiraho imiterere y’ikibaho cy’inyuma. Itsinda ryacu ry’abahanga rishobora kandi gusuzuma dosiye zawe z’igishushanyo mbonera no gutanga inama ku miterere myiza y’umutwe wa pin hashingiwe ku mbogamizi zawe zihariye zo guteranya, imiterere yo gusubiramo, n’ibisabwa ku musaruro wa nyuma. Twandikire ukoresheje urubuga rwacu kugira ngo usabe inyandiko zishyigikira igishushanyo mbonera.