Ngomhla we-15 kweyeNkanga, ngowama-2020, iSivumelwano soBudlelwane boQoqosho oluBanzi lweSithili (iSithili soBudlelwane boQoqosho oluBanzi lweSithili, i-RCEP) satyikitywa ngokusesikweni, siphawula ukuqaliswa ngokusesikweni kwendawo yorhwebo olukhululekileyo lwezoqoqosho norhwebo enabantu abaninzi ehlabathini, kunye nendawo enokubakho uphuhliso olukhululekileyo. Intambo yeribhoni ethe tyaba, I-Wago 236 kwaye Isibonisi seebhayisekile kufuneka kuqatshelwe.
Lo mbutho wengingqi wasungulwa ngamazwe ali-10 ase-ASEAN (e-Indonesia, eMalaysia, ePhilippines, eThailand, eSingapore, eBrunei, eCambodia, eLaos, eMyanmar, eVietnam) kwaye wamema (eTshayina, eJapan, eMzantsi Korea, eOstreliya, eNew Zealand naseIndiya) ukuba bathathe inxaxheba kwisivumelwano sorhwebo esijolise ekunciphiseni imiqobo yerhafu kunye neyorhwebo, ukuseka imakethi ekhululekileyo ehlangeneyo yamazwe ali-16, kunye nokuphumeza ukuhlanganiswa koqoqosho lwengingqi ngokuvulwa kweemarike phakathi kwamazwe angamalungu. (I-India irhoxa ngomzuzu wokugqibela)
Emva kokungena kokusebenza kwesivumelwano, ngaphezulu kwe-90% yorhwebo lweempahla kulo mmandla ekugqibeleni lufikelele kwiirhafu ze-zero, kwaye ngokuyintloko irhafu yehlisiwe kwangoko ukuya kwi-zero kwaye irhafu yehlisiwe kancinci kancinci ukuya kwi-zero. Amashishini okungenisa nokuthumela ngaphandle ukuze afezekise ukuncitshiswa kwerhafu kunye nesiseko se-zero tariff kukuba iimveliso zithobela imithetho ye-RCEP yemvelaphi, kwaye ngokweemfuno zesithethe zamaqela angenisa impahla ukuba abhengeze kwaye anandipha ireyithi yerhafu yesivumelwano esifanelekileyo.
Ngokwemiqathango, isivumelwano se-RCEP sifuna ukuba kuqinisekiswe ubuncinane amalungu ali-9 kwali-15, kuquka amalungu ama-6 ase-ASEAN ubuncinane kunye nama-3 aseTshayina, eJapan, eRiphabliki yaseKorea, eOstreliya naseNew Zealand. Okwangoku, amalungu aqalise iinkqubo zokukhupha imvume yasekhaya ezijolise ekuncedeni ukuqala ukusebenza kwesi Sivumelwano kwangoko.
Ezinye zeenkqubo ezibalulekileyo zamva nje zezi:
3 Februwari
I-Guangzhou Municipal Bureau of Commerce, ngewebhusayithi yayo yemicimbi karhulumente, ipapashe "Amanye Amanyathelo (Uyilo lweeNgxelo) ukuze kuthathwe amathuba e-RCEP kunye nokukhuthaza uphuhliso kunye nophuhliso lwezorhwebo lwe-elektroniki oluwela imida eGuangzhou", elilinyathelo lokuqala lokuxhasa lendawo ukukhuthaza i-RCEP eTshayina. Qaphela ukhuphelo lwePDF, nceda unike ingqalelo kwiakhawunti yobhaliso "focus horizon" (ID: focus vision), phendula kukufikelela kwi-"Guangzhou".
24 Februwari
Kwintlanganiso yeKhabhinethi, uRhulumente waseJapan wamkele inkqubo yokuqinisekiswa kweSivumelwano soBudlelwane boQoqosho esiBanzi (i-RCEP), ngenjongo yokuvunywa kwiNgqungquthela yangoku. (Iseshoni eqhelekileyo yama-204 yepalamente yaseJapan ivulwe ngoJanuwari 18 kulo nyaka kwaye iza kuphela ekupheleni kukaJuni)
28 Februwari
I-General Customs Administration yaseTshayina ithe imithetho yemvelaphi yeSivumelwano soBudlelwane boQoqosho esiBanzi (RCEP) kunye nokuphunyezwa kokunciphisa irhafu kumalungiselelo obuchwephesha kukhuthazwa ngokupheleleyo. Okwangoku, sigqibile ukubhala izindululo zaseTshayina ezifana nemigangatho yokudluliselwa kwemvelaphi kunye nezikhokelo zokuphunyezwa kwemithetho yemvelaphi. Kwangaxeshanye, inkqubo yolwazi lolawulo lwemvelaphi ye-RCEP, equka ii-visa zokuthumela ngaphandle, ukusetyenziswa kwamaxabiso erhafu avunyiweyo, kunye neminye imisebenzi, ikwinkqubo yokugqiba amalungiselelo okulungisa inkqubo.
4 Matshi
Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni yoLawulo Jikelele lweMithetho ipapashe uyilo lweMiqathango yoLawulo lwabaThumeli-mpahla abaVunyiweyo yiMithetho yeRiphabliki yabantu baseTshayina, kwaye yenze izimvo zoluntu ngaphambi komhla wesi-5 ku-Epreli.
8 Matshi
UMphathiswa wezoRhwebo uWang Wentao uqinisekisile kudliwanondlebe ne-"Minister Channel" ukuba urhulumente wethu uvumile ngokusesikweni esi sivumelwano.
Ngoko ke yintoni ekufuneka iqwalaselwe ngabathumeli bempahla kwamanye amazwe bexesha elizayo xa benandipha ukhetho lwerhafu?
Imithetho eqokelelweyo ye-01RCEP yemvelaphi
I-RCEP ifezekisa ukuqokelelwa kwamazwe angamalungu ali-15, iphula imiqathango yokuqala ye-China-South Korea, i-China-Australia, i-China-ASEAN kunye neminye imiqathango engaqokeleliyo. Kwinkqubo yokucubungula, inxalenye yexabiso elongeziweyo yemveliso ithathwa njengemveliso yemvelaphi logama nje ingamalungu angamalungu ali-15 kwaye ixabiso elongeziweyo lidlula ama-40%.
Ingcamango yeSatifikethi seMvelaphi
Abathumeli bamanye amazwe baMaqela aPhakathi banokukwazi ukukhupha izatifikethi zemvelaphi kwakhona ngezavenge zeempahla ezikhuphe izatifikethi zemvelaphi, kwaye iimpahla ezifanelekileyo zisephantsi kwerhafu ekuvunyelwene ngayo xa zithengiswa kwamanye amaQela eeMerika.
Oku kuthetha ukuba iimveliso ezithunyelwa ngaphandle liLizwe eliNgena kwiSivumelwano, emva kokuba zahlulwe liLizwe eliNgena kwiSivumelwano esiPhakathi, zingathunyelwa kwakhona kusetyenziswa izatifikethi zemvelaphi ezilandelelanayo kangangexesha elingadluliyo ubungakanani kunye nokusebenza kwesatifikethi sokuqala semvelaphi kunye nezinga lerhafu elivunyiweyo kwiLizwe elingenisayo, okwandisa kakhulu ukuguquguquka kweshishini ngokwesicwangciso sokuthengisa kunye namalungiselelo ezothutho.
Isibhengezo seMvelaphi Ukusetyenziswa okukhulu
Isibhengezo semvelaphi esikhutshwe ngumthumeli ovunyiweyo siza kusetyenziswa ngaxeshanye nesatifikethi semveli semvelaphi ukususela kumhla wokungena kokusebenza kwesivumelwano.
Ukubhengezwa kwemvelaphi ezimeleyo yamashishini kuthetha ukuba ukongeza kwisatifikethi semveli semvelaphi esikhutshwe yi-arhente ye-visa, ukubhengezwa kwemvelaphi ekhutshwe ngumthumeli-mpahla ovunyiweyo kuya kuba sisatifikethi esisebenzayo senzuzo. Le nkqubo iya kuphucula ngempumelelo ukuququzelelwa kokuphunyezwa kwezivumelwano zorhwebo olukhululekileyo.
Ubudlelwane obutsha phakathi kweTshayina neJapan
Ngaphambi koku, iTshayina yayimisele indawo yorhwebo olukhululekileyo namazwe alishumi ase-ASEAN, kwaye irhafu ye-zero ye-China-ASEAN Free Trade Zone igubungele ngaphezulu kwe-90% yezinto zerhafu kumacala omabini. Ngenxa yoko, i-RCEP yenye yezona zinto zinkulu ezenzekayo kukuqala kokuba iTshayina neJapan zibe nesivumelwano se-zero tariff sommandla worhwebo olukhululekileyo, esifikelele kwimpumelelo yembali.
IJapan ithembise ukunciphisa kancinci kancinci ezinye iirhafu zempahla phantsi kwe-RCEP kude kube yiminyaka eli-15 kamva ukuya kwi-zero. Phakathi kweendidi eziphambili zeempahla ezithunyelwa ngaphandle yiTshayina eJapan, impahla yelaphu isenokuba lelona candelo linenzuzo. Udidi lwempahla yelaphu neleempahla ekuqaleni lwalujongene neJapan ukuba ibeke malunga ne-8-11% yeerhafu zokungenisa impahla.
Isikhokelo seGunya leeRhafu
01 Imithetho ecacileyo yemvelaphi
Ukuba iimveliso ziveliswa eTshayina okanye kwamanye amazwe angamalungu eQela, aziyi kunandipha ngokuzenzekelayo irhafu yesivumelwano se-RCEP, kwaye ziya kugwetywa ngokuhambelana nemithetho efanelekileyo yemvelaphi kwaye zifumane isatifikethi semvelaphi ngokuhambelana nemigaqo. Imithetho ye-RCEP yemvelaphi phantsi kweSivumelwano ibonakaliswa bubunzima kunye nokwahlukahluka. Kucetyiswa ukuba amashishini achaze iingcamango zeziqinisekiso zemvelaphi, ukuthuthwa ngokuthe ngqo njalo njalo ngokweempawu zawo zemveliso, ukuze kuphuculwe ukuchaneka kwesibhengezo solwazi olufanelekileyo.
02 Ukhetho oluchanekileyo lwezivumelwano ezikhethwayo
Ngaphandle kokuphumeza iitafile ezintlanu zokunciphisa irhafu kunye namanye amazwe ali-14 angamalungu phantsi kwesikhokelo se-RCEP, iChina idlule amazinga erhafu ngezivumelwano zorhwebo zengingqi ezintandathu, kuquka iChina-ASEAN, iChina-Singapore, iChina-Korea, iChina-Australia, iChina-New Zealand Free Trade Agreement kunye neAsia-Pacific Trade Agreement, kwaye icebisa ukuba amashishini akhethe i-FTA efanelekileyo kwiimfuno zawo, ethathela ingqalelo uluhlu lweemveliso ezikuluhlu lokunciphisa irhafu, inqanaba lokukhululeka kwemigangatho yemvelaphi, uluhlu lwezivumelwano zerhafu kunye nokulula kweenkqubo zokusebenza.
Gxila kwiSibhengezo seMvelaphi
I-RECP uhlobo lwesatifikethi semvelaphi luyandiswa, ukongeza kwisatifikethi semveli semvelaphi, kongezwe iintlobo ngeentlobo zesitayile semvelaphi. Kucetyiswa ukuba amashishini afanele aqonde inkqubo efanelekileyo yesitayile semvelaphi kwangaphambili, akhethe indlela yesatifikethi semvelaphi efanelekileyo kwaye aphucule ukusebenza kakuhle kwemvume yerhafu.
Ukuphucula uBume beCandelo loNikezelo
I-RCEP ibonelela ngamathuba amaninzi kunye neendlela zokuba abaqhubi baphucule uyilo lwekhonkco lokubonelela ngeenkonzo e-Asia nasePasifiki kwanakwihlabathi liphela. Ke ngoko, kucetyiswa ukuba amashishini aphucule uyilo lwemizi-mveliso kwaye aphucule ukusebenza kakuhle kolawulo lweshishini kunye nezivumelwano ezahlukeneyo zorhwebo olukhululekileyo, kunye nokumisela ixabiso lengingqi elikhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla, ukuqokelelwa kwamacandelo engingqi, isiqinisekiso semvelaphi elandelelanayo njalo njalo.
Cebisa uyilo olucwangcisiweyo lwe-RCEP "circle of friends" abantu abarhweba ngaphandle, hlala uxhalabile ngenkqubela phambili, ulungiselele kwangethuba, thatha ithuba!
Ixesha lokuthumela: Matshi-15-2021