Te Raruraru o te Matū Waea i roto i ngā Paewhiri Mana Ahumahi Hou

Mena kua roa koe e noho ana i roto i tētahi kāpata whakahaere arorau hōtaka (PLC) rahi-waenga i hangaia i neke atu i te rima tau ki muri, e mōhio ana koe ki te raruraru kiato waea. Kī tonu te kāpata—kī tonu—i ngā waea takitahi, ko te nuinga o aua waea he rite tonu ngā tohu DC 24V mai i te ara hiko kotahi. Ka whiwhi ia kāri tāuru i tana ake waea motuhake mai i te rarangi poraka pito. He ara whakahoki kei ia hongere putanga e whakaata ana i te uaua o te tāuru. Ko te mutunga mai he taura waea he utu nui te hanga, he tino uaua ki te rapu raruraru, ā, tata kore e taea te whakarerekē me te kore e whakauru mai i ngā hapa hou.

Kua kite ahau i tētahi papatohu pokapū whakahaere motuka 400-amp, ā, e tata ana ki te waru hāora te roa o te waea taketake a ngā tohunga hangarau e rua ki te tātari i tētahi hapa o te hongere whakauru kotahi, ā, i te mutunga iho he tīwiri korekore i te poraka pito. E kore e neke atu i te 30 meneti te roa o taua haerenga tātaritanga i roto i tētahi papatohu tohatoha PLC kua hoahoatia pai mā te whakamahi i ngā poraka pito papa-toru teitei me te hoahoa hononga-whiti.

Ehara tēnei i te raruraru whakapae. I roto i ngā taiao aunoatanga ahumahi hou, kua tino piki ake te kiato o ngā hongere I/O PLC i te mea kua matatau ake ngā pūnaha whakahaere. Kotahi te S7-1500 PLC mai i Siemens ka taea te aro atu ki te 8192 ngā pūwāhi I/O motuhake puta noa i ngā whatanga maha, ā, me whai waea whakamutunga ia o aua pūwāhi i te kōwae I/O PLC me te mutunga mara. Ina whakareatia tēnā puta noa i tētahi tāutanga iti noa iho—hei tauira, 256 ngā pūwāhi I/O—ka noho tūturu te wero whakahaere waea mō te kaihanga panera me te tohunga hangarau tiaki.

Ngā Hikohiko o Ningbo J-Guang kua hoahoa, kua hanga hoki poraka whakamutunga matotoru tino mō ngā tono tohatoha PLC mai i te tau 2008, ā, he nui te wā i pau i ahau ki te mahi tika me ngā kaiwhakauru pūnaha whakahaere me ngā kaihanga papaaho puta noaŪropi, Amerika Te Raki, me Āhia ki te Tonga-mā-rāwhiti kei hea te tikanga ngā poraka whakamutunga te rahunga me te pehea e whakatauhia ai aua rahunga e te hoahoa whakarārangi maha-papa. Ko tēnei tuhinga he whakamārama i aku i ako ai mō te take e tohu ana ngā poraka pito papa-toru me te hoahoa hononga-whiti i te hangarau hou mō te waea tohatoha PLC, he aha ngā whakatakotoranga hangarau e tino hira ana, me te pehea te whiriwhiri i te hua tika mō tō taiao tāutanga motuhake.

Te Mārama ki te Hanganga Whakatakotoranga Papa-Toru

Ko te herenga matua o ngā poraka taunga taumata-kotahi tikanga i roto i ngā tono tohatoha PLC ko te koretake o te whai huatanga o te wāhi. He paerewa taumata-kotahi DIN41616 rāneiIEC 60947-7-1 Kotahi te whānui o te kōwae e noho ana i te poraka pito e tutuki ana i ngā whakaritenga (ko te tikanga he 6.2 mm, he 12 mm rānei, i runga i te whakatauranga o nāianei) ā, kotahi te taumata whakauru waea e whakarato ana. Ina hiahia koe ki te tohatoha i te 24V DC ki ngā hongere whakauru PLC tekau mā rua motuhake mai i tētahi ara hiko noa, tekau mā rua ngā tūranga poraka pito takitahi e hiahiatia ana e koe, arā, tekau mā rua ngā whānui o te kōwae o te wāhi ara DIN.

Mā ngā poraka pito toru-papa ka whakatauhia tēnei koretake o te wāhi mā te whakarārangi i ngā taumata whakamutu waea motuhake e toru ki te whānui kotahi o te kōwae. Ka whakamahia e te hoahoa he pae au kotahi e rere ana i roto i ngā taumata e toru, engari ka wehea ia taumata e te arai hiko, ā, he wāhi whakauru waea motuhake tō ia taumata. Ko te mutunga, ka taea e koe te whakamutu i ngā ara iahiko waea motuhake e toru—ia ia me tana hononga whakauru me te putanga—i roto i te tapuwae DIN kotahi e hiahiatia ana e te poraka pito kotahi-taumata.

Nā te mea he pae au kotahi kei ngā papa e toru engari he pūwāhi whakapā motuhake kei a rātou, he pai rawa te whirihoranga papa-toru mō te tohatoha PLC kei reira he pahi hiko, he pahi tohu rānei e peka ana ki ngā ūnga maha. Ka hono te pae pahi noa ki te papa o runga, ā, ka peka ngā ara iahiko putanga motuhake e toru mai i ngā papa o waenganui me raro. I roto i te horopaki tohatoha tāuru PLC 24V DC, ko te tikanga ka taea e te poraka pito papa-toru kotahi te mahi ki ngā hongere tāuru e toru mai i te whāngai noa kotahi—ka whakaitihia te roa o te reera DIN e hiahiatia ana mā te rua-hautoru.

He nui te pānga mahi ki te ōhanga hanga panera. I roto i tētahi panera PLC 256-I/O noa, mā te whakawhiti mai i ngā poraka pito kotahi-taumata ki ngā poraka pito toru-papa mō te tohatoha hiko ka taea te whakaiti i te maha o ngā poraka pito katoa mā te 60–80 tūranga, ka puta tika tēnei ki te whakaiti i te roa o te reriwe DIN, te whakaiti i te rahi o te papa panera (me te utu), me te whakaiti i te rahi o te waea. Kua mahi tahi mātou me ngā kaihanga panera kua whakaiti i te wā hanga panera toharite mā te 4–6 hāora mō ia panera i muri i te huri ki te hoahoa papa toru-papa mō ngā wāhanga tohatoha PLC.

Hoahoa Hononga-Whakawhiti: Te Tohatoha i ngā Tohu me te Kore he Pōrearea Waea

Ko te hoahoa papa-toru he haurua noa iho o te otinga mō te tohatoha PLC kiato-teitei. Ko te haurua tuarua ko te hoahoa hononga-whiti—te pūnaha o ngā pae pahi ā-roto me ngā pae pekepeke o waho e āhei ai te hono hiko i ngā taumata pūrua maha i roto i te huarahi whakahaere, whakahurihuri. Koinei te wāhi e kitea ai te matatau o te hangarau o te kaihanga poraka pūrua.

I roto i te horopaki o te tohatoha PLC, ko te hononga-whakawhiti e pā ana ki te kaha ki te hono hiko i ngā tūranga pito maha i te taha o te wāhanga reriwe DIN kia tohatohahia ai he tohu noa (pēnei i te 24V DC, 0V rānei) puta noa i ngā taumata pito maha, me te kore e whakahaere i ngā waea takitahi i waenga i ia tūranga. He rite tēnei ki te tohatoha a te papa taro i roto i te tauira hikohiko i ngā reriwe hiko puta noa i ngā tūranga wāhanga maha—engari me te pakari miihini me te tiwhikete hiko e hiahiatia ana mō ngā taiao whakahaere ahumahi.

E rua ngā hoahoa hononga-whiti matua e whakamahia ana i roto i te hoahoa poraka pito kiato-teitei mō ngā tono PLC:

Hononga whakawhiti pae pahi ā-roto. Ka rere te pae pahi parahi totoka, mā roto i te whare poraka pito, e hono ana i ngā pūwāhi whakamutu maha i roto i te taputapu kotahi. Koinei te tikanga e āhei ai te hoahoa pae iahiko tiritahi o te hoahoa papa-toru. Me tika te rahi o te pae pahi ā-roto hei kawe i te iahiko whakatauranga me te kore e piki nui te pāmahana—ko te tikanga me whai horahanga whakawhiti o te 4 mm² neke atu rānei mō te poraka pito whakatauranga 30A me ngā tūranga papa e toru. He mea nui te kounga o te mutunga o te pae pahi ā-roto ki te puna whakapā: mā te hononga ā-roto wetekina, ātete-teitei rānei ka hangaia he wera ā-rohe ka whakaiti i te mata whakapā i roto i te wā, ā, ka mutu ka pakaru.

Hononga whakawhiti pae pekepeke o waho. Ko ngā pae pekepeke o waho kua tāutahia i muri i te mākete, i tāutahia rānei i te wheketere (e kiia ana ko ngā poraka tohatoha, ko ngā piriti tuku rānei) ka mono ki te tihi o ngā poraka taunga tata hei hanga i tētahi pahi noa puta noa i ngā taputapu maha. He ngāwari ake tēnei hoahoa i te hononga whakawhiti-ā-roto nā te mea ka taea e koe te whirihora anō ko ēhea poraka taunga e hono ana ki tēhea pahi me te kore e wetewete i te hoahoa ā-roto. I roto i ngā tono tohatoha PLC, ka whakamahia ngā pae pekepeke o waho hei hanga pahi tohatoha mana whakarara mō ngā rōpū whakauru PLC. Ka whakatauria ngā pae pekepeke mō te iahiko rite tonu ki te poraka taunga tonu, ā, ko tō rātou kaha pa ki te pae iahiko poraka taunga ka puritia e tētahi pūnaha puna, e tētahi rawhi tīwiri rānei.

I J-Guang, ā mātou poraka whakamutunga papa-toru whakamahia he huinga o ngā pae pahi ā-roto mō te whakarārangi i roto i te taputapu me ngā pae pekepeke o waho mō te tohatoha i waenga i ngā taputapu. Mā tēnei hoahoa takirua ka taea e ngā kaihanga panera te whakarite i ngā whatunga tohatoha tohu, ā, ka taea te whakarerekē i te mara me te kore e hono anō i te waea—nā te mea ka taea e koe te momotu i tētahi wāhanga pae pekepeke motuhake me te kore e whakararuraru i te toenga o te whatunga tohatoha.

Ngā Whakatauranga Ngaohiko me te Iahiko: He aha IEC 60947-7-1 Me tino hiahia

Ko tētahi o ngā āhuatanga e tino hē ana te mārama mō te whiriwhiri poraka pito mō te tohatoha PLC ko te pūnaha whakatauranga ngaohiko. He ngaohiko whakatauranga me he iahiko whakatauranga kei roto i ngā poraka pito, ā, e whakahaerehia ana ngā whakaritenga e rua e ngā paerewa o te ao—engari kāore e taea te whakawhiti, ā, ko te whakapoauau i a rāua tētahi o ngā pūtake tino noa o ngā hapa whakaritenga e tūtaki ana ahau i te mara.

Ko te paerewa e tika ana mō ngā poraka whakamutunga modular e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā taputapu whakahaere ahumahi ko IEC 60947-7-1 (Tapu whakawhiti me te taputapu whakahaere ngaohiko iti—Wāhanga7-1: Taputapu tāpiri—Poraka pūrua mō ngā kaiārahi parahi). E tautuhia ana e tēnei paerewa ngā whakaritenga whakamātautau ā-pūkaha, ā-hiko, me te taiao me paahitia e te poraka pūrua kia whiwhi ai i tētahi whakatauranga. Ko ngā whakatakotoranga matua i raro i tēnei paerewa ko:

Ngaohiko kua whakatauria. Ko te ngaohiko mōrahi ka taea e te poraka pito te pupuri i waenga i ngā ara iahiko tata, i waenga rānei i te ara iahiko me te rēra whakairi (mēnā e tika ana). Mō ngā tono tohatoha PLC e whakamahi ana i ngā tohu 24V DC, he onge noa iho tēnei hei herenga—engari mō te mana whakahaere motuka toru-wāhanga, te tohatoha AC 480V rānei, ka noho te ngaohiko whakatauranga hei mea nui. Me manatoko tonu kei te tutuki, kei te neke atu rānei te ngaohiko whakatauranga o te poraka pito i te ngaohiko pūnaha mōrahi, kaua ko te ngaohiko ingoa anake. Mō ngā taiao PLC ahumahi me ngā taumata ngaohiko whakauru (tae atu ki ngā whāngai motuka AC 480V), ka tūtohu mātou kia whiriwhiria ngā poraka pito kua whakataurangahia ki630V AC iti rawa hei whakarato i te āputa haumaru e tika ana.

Iahiko kua whakatauria. Ko te iahiko tonu mōrahi ka taea te kawe mā roto i te poraka pūmau me te kore e neke atu i te pikinga pāmahana e whakaaetia ana. Ko te rohe pikinga pāmahana i raro i IEC 60947-7-1 ko 45°C i runga ake i te taiao i te au kua whakatauria, i inehia i te pito o te ara iahiko. He mea nui tēnei nā te mea e whakaaro ana te au kua whakatauria he ine waea motuhake (ko te tikanga he 2.5 mm² mō te poraka pito 20A) me te pāmahana taiao motuhake. Mena ka whakamahia e koe he ine waea iti ake i te whakaaro o te whakatauranga, ka iti iho te kaha kawe-au i te uara kua whakatauria nā te pikinga o te wera I²R i roto i te ara iahiko iti.

Ngaohiko hiko kua whakatauria. Ko te nekehanga ngaohiko mōrahi (puku) ka taea e te poraka pito te tu atu me te kore e pakaru. Mō ngā whakaurunga PLC i roto i ngā taiao ahumahi me ngā kawenga motuka, ka taea e ngā nekehanga ngaohiko mai i te whakawhiti whakaaweawe te eke ki te 2.5–4 kV ahakoa i runga i ngā ara iahiko DC 24V. Ko te ngaohiko nekehanga kua whakatauria kua tohua kei2.5 kV, 4 kV, 6 kV, 8 kV rānei i runga i te kāwai taputapu (Kāwai Ngaohiko Nui I, II, III, IV rānei). Mō ngā kāpata PLC kei roto ngā puku auau rerekē (VFD), he mea tika kia whiriwhiria ngā poraka pito kua whakatauria ki te iti rawa o te 4 kV te hiko.

Te taumata parahanga. IEC 60947-7-1 e hiahiatia ana kia whakatauria ngā poraka pito mō tētahi taumata parahanga motuhake (1, 2, 3 rānei), e whakaahua ana i ngā āhuatanga taiao e whakahaerehia ai ngā taputapu. Ka pā te Tohu Parahanga 3 ki ngā kāpata whakahaere ahumahi e tika ana kia puta he parahanga kawe hiko (pēnei i te puehu me te hauhautanga). Me tautuhi tonu te Tohu Parahanga 3 mō ngā tono kāpata PLC ahumahi, ā, me manatoko kua tohua te tawhiti ngoki me te tawhiti ātea o te poraka pito.

Ngā Tikanga Whakamutu Waea: Te Rawhi Tīwiri vs. Te Kete Puna vs. Te Nekehanga Ārai

Ko te tikanga whakamutu waea te tikanga e pā ai te ara iahiko o te kaiārahi waea ki te pae iahiko poraka pito. Mō ngā tono tohatoha PLC, he painga motuhake tō ia hangarau whakamutu matua e toru:

Whakamutunga rawhi tīwiri. Ko te hangarau tino matatau, e whakamahi ana i te tīwiri hei pēhi i te pereti whakapūmau e whakau ana i te kaiārahi ki te pae o nāianei. He tino pono te whakapā o ngā pito whakapūmau tīwiri, ā, e whakaaetia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā paerewa ahumahi puta noa i te ao. Heoi, me whakamahi he tīwiri, he kī hex rānei hei tāutanga (ka tāpirihia te wā ki te hanganga o te panera), ā, ka ngawari te pakaru o te whakapā mēnā ka wetekina te tīwiri i raro i te wiri—he momo rahunga e mōhiotia ana i roto i ngā panera whakahaere ahumahi me ngā paihere waea taumaha, ngā taputapu wiri rānei. Ka tohua e mātou ngā pito whakapūmau tīwiri mō ngā tono ka uru atu pinepine ki ngā pito mō te tiaki, ka mahia rānei te waea mara e ngā kaimahi e pai ake ana ki te urupare pā.

Te whakamutu i te whare herehere o te puna. Ka whakamahia e te pūnaha puna te kaha piri tonu ki te arataki waea, ka kore e hiahiatia he tīwiri, ā, ka taea te whakauru waea kore-taputapu. He tere ake te waea i ngā pito o te whare herehere puna i roto i ngā taiao whakaputa, ā, he ātete ki te wiri nā te mea ka mau tonu te kaha whakapā ōrite o te puna ahakoa te wiri. Heoi, he nui ake te ātete whakapā o ngā pito whare herehere puna i ngā pito rawhi tīwiri, ā, kāore pea e whakaaetia i roto i ētahi paerewa ahumahi tawhito i mua i te hangarau whare herehere puna. Ka tūtohu mātou i ngā pito whare herehere puna mō ngā taiao PLC wiri nui pēnei i ngā teihana papu, ngā whare kōpeke, me ngā papa whakahaere HVAC.

Te whakamutu i te nekehanga ārai (IDC). He hononga ā-mata e wero ana i te ārai waea, ā, ka pā ki te ara iahiko ina panaia te waea ki roto i te mokowā whakamutu. He tino tere ngā whakamutu IDC (kāore e hiahiatia he tango) ā, he tino pai te ātete ki te wiri, engari he pai anake mō ngā ara iahiko totoka, ngā ara iahiko miro rānei i roto i tētahi whānuitanga rahi motuhake. Kāore e pai mō ngā ara iahiko miro matotoru. Mō ngā waea tohatoha PLC e whakamahi ana i ngā oma waea totoka kua tapahia i mua i roto i ngā taiao whakaputa, ka taea e ngā whakamutu IDC te whakaiti i te wā whakamutu mā te 40–60% ki te whakaritea ki ngā tikanga rawhi tīwiri. Ka tohua e mātou ngā whakamutu IDC mō ngā kaihanga panera OEM e whakamutu ana i ngā rahinga nui o ngā oma waea paerewa.

Ngā Rauemi Whare: PA6.6 vs. PPE/PPO me ngā Pānga Mahi

Ko te rauemi o te whare poraka pito ka whakatau i tōna mahi wera, tōna ātete mura, me tōna ātete matū—he mea nui katoa ēnei i roto i ngā taiao kāpata PLC e hangaia ai e ngā wāhanga whakaputa wera pēnei i ngā pūhiko PLC me ngā waeine taraiwa he pāmahana teitei ake. Ko ngā rauemi matua e rua mō ngā poraka pito ahumahi ko te polyamide 6.6 (PA 6.6) me te polyphenylene ether/polyphenylene oxide kua whakarerekētia (ngā ranunga PPE/PPO).

Ko te PA 6.6 (e mōhiotia whānuitia ana ko te nairona) te rauemi whare poraka pito e whakamahia whānuitia ana. Ko ōna painga matua ko te kaha miihini pai rawa atu, ngā āhuatanga dielectric pai, me te hototahitanga matū whānui. Ka tutuki i te PA 6.6 UL94 V-0 ātete mura he 0.8 mm te matotoru, e tutuki ana i ngā whakaritenga mura o IEC 60947-7-1Heoi, ko te rohe pāmahana mahi tonu o te PA 6.6 he tata ki te 105°C, ā, ka mimiti i te makuku i roto i te wā—ka taea te whakaiti i tōna kaha dielectric tae atu ki te 30% i roto i ngā taiao makuku nui.

He pai ake te ātete o ngā rauemi whare PPE/PPO ki te makuku me te pāmahana mahi tonu teitei ake (tae atu ki te 115–120°C). He pumau ake ō rātou āhuatanga dielectric puta noa i ngā taumata makuku, ā, he pai ake mō ngā tāutanga PLC o waho, o te makuku nui rānei. Heoi, he nui ake te utu o te PPE/PPO i te PA 6.6, ā, he iti iho tōna ātete pānga miihini i ngā pāmahana iti—nō reira, mō te whakamahinga o ngā kāpata PLC o roto, ko te PA 6.6 tonu te whiringa whai hua ake.

Mō ngā poraka pito tohatoha PLC e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā kāpata kua kati me ngā pāmahana taiao tae atu ki te 55°C (he mea noa i roto i ngā kāpata kua hiritia me ngā wāhanga whakaputa wera), he rawaka te whare PA 6.6. Mō ngā tāutanga i roto i ngā papa o waho, te pānga tika o te rā, ngā taiao ahumahi pāmahana teitei rānei, ka tūtohu mātou i ngā whare PPE/PPO. Me manatoko tonu i ngā whakatakotoranga rauemi whare kei runga i te pepa raraunga—he maha ngā pepa raraunga poraka pito whānui kāore e whakamārama mārama ana i te rauemi whare, me waiho hei tohu whero.

Ngā Tuhipoka Taupānga: Te Whakatakoto i ngā Poraka Whakamutunga Matotoru-Teitei i roto i ngā Tāutanga PLC Tuturu

He poraka whakamutunga kua tukuna mō ngā tono tohatoha PLC puta noa i te whānuitanga o ngā ahumahi—te huihuinga motuka, te tukatuka kai me te inu, te maimoatanga wai, me te whakahaere HVAC—e hiahia ana ahau ki te whakapuaki i ngā tauira tono mahi e whakarato tonu ana i ngā hua pai rawa atu, me ngā hapa whakatakotoranga e arahi pinepine ana ki ngā raruraru i te mara.

Ko te kaupapa matua o te tono ko te wehewehenga mā te momo tohuI roto i tētahi kāpata PLC me ngā taumata ngaohiko whakauru (ngā whāngai motuka AC 480V, ngā ara iahiko whakahaere AC 230V, ngā I/O PLC DC 24V), me wehewehe ā-tinana ngā poraka pito mō ia taumata ngaohiko, mā te whakairi ki runga i ngā reera DIN motuhake me te wehenga mārama, mā te whakamahi rānei i ngā poraka pito āhua-ārai e whakarato ana i tētahi wehenga ā-tinana i waenga i ngā ara iahiko ngaohiko rerekē e tata ana. E hiahiatia ana tēnei wehewehenga e IEC 60204-1 (Haumarutanga o ngā mīhini—Taputapu hiko) ā, ehara i te mea whiriwhiri i roto i te nuinga o ngā tikanga tirotiro haumaru ahumahi.

Mō te wāhanga tohatoha I/O PLC 24V DC, ka tūtohu mātou kia whakamahia te whirihoranga papa-toru, ko te papa o runga te pahi hiko noa (24V DC mai i te pūtake hiko), ko te papa waenga e whāngai ana i te rōpū tāuru PLC A, ā, ko te papa o raro e whāngai ana i te rōpū tāuru PLC B. Mā tēnei whirihoranga ka taea te wehe i te pahi noa mō ngā kaupapa raka-tohu-kore i te mea e mau tonu ana te mana o ngā rōpū tāuru e rua, ā, ka taea hoki te momotu i ngā rōpū tāuru takitahi mō te tiaki me te kore e pā ki te rōpū kē atu.

Ko tētahi hapa whakatakotoranga e kitea ana e au ko te whakaiti i te whakatauranga o te au o te poraka pito mō te tohatoha mana PLC. Ko te whāngai reriwe mana 24V DC32 i ngā hongere tāuru PLC i te 20 mA mō ia hongere e kawe ana i te 640 mA katoa—kei roto tonu i te whakatauranga o te au o tētahi poraka pito. Heoi, ko te au tomo mai i ngā kōwae tāuru PLC (ka 3–5x te au pumau i te wā e whakakahangia ana) ka taea te whakararu i te poraka pito tohatoha mō tētahi wā poto. Ka tūtohu mātou kia tohua ngā poraka pito mō te tohatoha mana PLC me te au kua whakatauria kia 150% te iti rawa o te au pumau kua tatauhia, kia pai ai te tawhē mō ngā āhuatanga tomo me ngā hapa.

Ko tētahi atu whakaaro whaihua ko te whakahaere waea me te araKa whakaitihia te maha o ngā waea e ngā poraka pito-toru-papa engari ka whakanuia te kiato o ngā waea i ia pūwāhi whakamutu (e toru ngā waea mō ia tūranga, kaua ko te kotahi). Me aro nui ki te whakakakahu waea i te rarangi poraka pito kia kore ai he porowhita piko waea kotahi e tino kikī rawa, ka kino pea te whakamarumaru waea i roto i te wā. Ka tūtohu mātou kia mau tonu te porowhita piko iti rawa o te 3x te diameter o waho o te waea mō ngā rerenga waea aho ngāwari.

Te Tiaki, Te Rapurongoā, me te Whakarerekētanga Marae

Ko tētahi o ngā tautohe tino kaha mō ngā poraka pito toru-papa teitei-kiato i roto i ngā tono tohatoha PLC ko te painga tiaki me te rapurongoā e whakaratohia ana e rātou. Ina rahua he hongere whakauru PLC i roto i tētahi panera waea tikanga, ko te tukanga tātaritanga me whai i te waea takitahi mai i te kōwae whakauru ki muri mā te poraka pito ki te taputapu mara - he tukanga ka roa pea ngā hāora i roto i tētahi taura uaua. I roto i tētahi hoahoa pai poraka whakamutunga papa-toru I te wā tāutanga, he poto rawa atu te ara tātaritanga nā te mea he mahi kua tautuhia, kua matapaetia hoki tā ia tūranga poraka whakamutunga.

Mō ngā whakarerekētanga mara—e puta pinepine ana i tā te nuinga o ngā kaihoahoa pūnaha whakahaere e whakaaro ana—ka tukuna atu he painga anō mā ngā poraka pito toru-papa me te hononga whakawhiti pae pekepeke o waho. Ina hiahiatia he tāpiri i ngā hongere tāuru mō te whakawhānui i te pūnaha PLC, ko te tikanga ka herea te tukanga ki te tāpiri i ngā tūranga poraka pito ki tētahi wāhanga reriwe DIN e wātea ana, te tāuta i ngā pae pekepeke hou hei whakawhānui i te pahi tohatoha ki ngā tūranga hou, me te whakamutu i ngā waea mara hou. He tere ake tēnei i te whakahaere i ngā waea takitahi hou mai i tētahi rarangi poraka pito matua ki ia pūwāhi I/O hou.

Mō te tiaki tonu, ka tūtohu ahau kia whakatūria he kaupapa manatoko taipana poraka pito mō ngā pito tīwiri-rakau i roto i ngā taiao wiri nui. Ko te wā taipana ka whakawhirinaki ki te taumata wiri: mō ngā kāpata i roto i ngā taiao ahumahi whānui (ngā papa awheawhe noa), he rawaka te manatoko taipana ā-tau; mō ngā kāpata i runga i ngā mīhini wiri (ngā papu, ngā pūwero, ngā mata wiri), he pai ake te manatoko ā-haurua-tau. Whakamahia he tīwiri taipana kua whakatikatikaina kua whakaritea ki te uara taipana kua tohua e te pepa raraunga—ko te tikanga he 0.5–0.8 Nm mō te poraka pito 4 mm².

Te Rapunga me te Manatoko Kounga: Ngā Mea hei Tono māu mai i tō Kaiwhakarato

Ehara i te katoa poraka whakamutunga matotoru he ōrite te hanganga, ā, ko ngā rerekētanga whakatakotoranga e wehewehe ana i tētahi hua tino hangaia mai i tētahi waitohu hou o te taonga, kāore e kitea i ngā wā katoa i roto i tētahi whakaahua o tētahi rarangi pukapuka. Anei taku e taunaki ana kia tonoa mai i a koe kaiwhakarato poraka tauranga:

Tonoa te IEC 60947-7-1 pūrongo whakamātautau. Me āhei tetahi kaihanga e kī ana e tutuki ana i tēnei paerewa ki te whakarato i tētahi pūrongo whakamātautau mai i tētahi taiwhanga whakamātautau whaimana (pēnei i TÜV Rheinland, UL, CSA, rānei Tari Veritas). E whakaatu ana te pūrongo whakamātautau i ngā uara ine tuturu mō te kaha hiko-kore, te ātete ārai, te pikinga pāmahana, me te manawanui miihini—ehara i te mea ko ngā whakatauranga kua whakahuatia anake. He tohu nui te kaiwhakarato e kore e taea, e kore rānei e taea te whakarato i ēnei tuhinga.

Manatokohia te whakatauranga nekehanga ngaohiko me te taumata parahanga i runga i te pūrongo whakamātautau. He maha ngā pepa raraunga poraka whakamutunga whānui e whakarārangi ana i tētahi IEC 60947-7-1 kereme tutuki i ngā whakaritenga me te kore e tohu i te whakatauranga hikohiko, te taumata parahanga rānei—ko te tikanga kāore anō kia whakamatautauria aua tawhā, he iti rānei ngā hua whakamātautau i tangohia atu ai i te pepa raraunga. Mō ngā taiao PLC ahumahi, me tiro koe i te Tohu Parahanga 3 me te Ngaohiko Hikohiko 4 kV, teitei ake rānei hei whakatakotoranga iti rawa.

Whakaūtia te pepa raraunga rauemi whareTonoa te taumata rauemi whare me UL94 whakatauranga mura. Me whai tiwhikete ngā poraka pito PA 6.6 ki UL94 V-0 i te matotoru o te pakitara o te whare e whakamahia ana i roto i te hua. Mena kāore e taea e te kaiwhakarato te whakarato i te pepa raraunga rauemi, kāore te kereme rauemi whare e manatokohia.

Arotakehia te whakatakotoranga ātete whakapāMe iti iho i te 1 mΩ (milliohm) te ātete whakapā o tētahi poraka pito kounga teitei i te iahiko kua whakatauria, e inehia ana i te pūwāhi whakamutu waea. Ko ngā uara ātete whakapā teitei ake e tohu ana i te ngoikore o te whakarite o te mata whakapā, i te hoahoa kaha puna/rawhi rānei kāore i te tino pai, ā, ka arahi ēnei ki te rahunga wawe i roto i ngā tono iahiko teitei, pāmahana teitei rānei.

Ngā Auahatanga Hou: Ngā Poraka Whakamutunga Atamai me ngā Tātaritanga Whakauru

Kei te tīmata te mākete poraka taunga ki te kite i te whakaurunga o ngā āhuatanga tātaritanga whakauru i kore i taea i mua me ngā wāhanga kore mahi. He maha ngā kaihanga—tae atu ki a J-Guang—kei te whakawhanake i ngā hua poraka taunga me ngā pūoko aroturuki iahiko kua whakauruhia, ngā LED tūnga, me ngā atanga whakawhitiwhiti kōrero e taea ai e te poraka taunga te ripoata i tōna tūnga ki tētahi PLC, ki tētahi BMS rānei mā te pahi mamati.

Mō ngā tono tohatoha PLC, ko te whanaketanga tino whai hua ko te whakaurunga o ngā pae pahi e kite ana i te au ka taea te kite i ngā ara iahiko tuwhera, i ngā uara iahiko rerekē rānei i runga i ngā tūranga poraka pito takitahi me te kore he pūoko o waho. Mā tēnei ka taea te whakatūpato tiaki ārai (kaua te urupare rahunga tauhohe) mō te whatunga waea tohatoha PLC. He poraka pito me te pūoko iahiko whakauru e ripoata ana ki te PLC mā te Modbus RTU rānei CANopen Ka taea e te atanga te whakatūpato i ngā kaiwhakahaere ki ngā raruraru hononga waea e puta ana i mua i te raru o te whakauru PLC.

Kei te kite hoki tātou i te pikinga ake o te whakamahinga o ngā tikanga tuku kore-taputapu mō ngā poraka pito o te whare herehere puna e āhei ai te tango waea me te kore he taputapu—he āhuatanga e whakaiti nui ana i te wā urunga tiaki. Ko te whakakotahitanga o te pito o te whare herehere puna (mō te tere o te tāutanga tuatahi) me te tukunga kore-taputapu (mō te tere o te urunga tiaki) he mea tino hira mō ngā taiao tohatoha PLC kei reira ngā utu hanga tuatahi me te utu tiaki tonu he mea nui.

Ngā Pātai Auau