Inkinga yochungechunge lokuphakelwa kwempahla eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, eyake yenza umhlaba waba buhlungu, manje isiyalulama. Ikhebula eliyisicaba eliguquguqukayo, d sub 15 futhi amabhlogo esiphetho angaxhunywa e-phoenix contact kufanele kuqashelwe.
Kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba, iVietnam inciphise kakhulu imikhawulo yokuhlukaniswa ukuze kukhuthazwe ukubuyela kancane kancane emisebenzini yefektri. IMalaysia, futhi ngenxa yenqubomgomo entsha yokuvimbela ubhubhane, manje isiqalise kabusha izimboni eziningi, ikakhulukazi ezimbonini ezinezinga eliphezulu lokugoma, ezisebenza ngokujwayelekile.
Ngesilinganiso sokugonywa kwe-COVID-19 kanye nezinqubomgomo zobhubhane, izimboni eziningi zaseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, ngemuva kwezinyanga zokuma, zisheshisa ukuqala kabusha komsebenzi emizamweni yokubuyisela uchungechunge lokuphakelwa oluphukile.
Izimboni zaseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia ziyaqhubeka nokusebenza
Izinkampani eziningi ezinezimboni noma ukubambisana eVietnam zithe ukukhiqizwa okugcwele ekupheleni kukaNovemba ngeke kube nzima ukubuyela emazingeni angaphambi kobhubhane lobhubhane.
Uhulumeni waseVietnam uthe ekuqaleni kukaNovemba ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwaqala kabusha ezitshalweni zokwenziwa kweNike ezingaba ngu-200 kulo lonke elaseVietnam. Maphakathi noJulayi, cishe amaphesenti angama-80 e-OEM yezicathulo zeNike zezwe aphoqeleka ukuyeka ukukhiqizwa ngaphansi kwenqubomgomo kahulumeni waseVietnam yokulawula ubhubhane, kanti cishe ingxenye yezicathulo zayo zenziwe eVietnam. Zombili i-Intel ne-Samsung zithi zihlela ukuqala kabusha ukukhiqizwa ngokugcwele eHo Chi Minh City, eVietnam, ekupheleni kukaNovemba.
Ngokusho kombiko woMnyango Wezokuhlela Nokutshalwa Kwezimali waseVietnam, ngokuqaliswa kwenqubomgomo yokuhlala ndawonye nobhubhane, amabhizinisi eVietnam alulama kancane kancane ngo-Okthoba, inani lokuqalisa kabusha kwamabhizinisi kanye nokukhiqiza landa ngo-29.8% ngenyanga, kanti abasebenzi abangaphezu kuka-75% babuyela emsebenzini, okunciphisa ingcindezi yokuntuleka kwabasebenzi emabhizinisini.
Phakathi naleso sikhathi, ukuthunyelwa kwezimpahla kwamanye amazwe eVietnam kukhuphuke ngo-6.4% ngo-Okthoba kusukela enyangeni edlule. Okuphawulekayo ukuthi, ngemva kwezinyanga zokuntuleka kwezentengiselwano, iVietnam yagcina iqalile kabusha ukuhweba kwayo okungaphezu kwalokho okwakulindelwe ngaleyo nyanga.
Izimboni ezikhiqiza izingxenye zezimoto eVietnam nazo zivuselela amandla azo, zinikeza impumuzo kubakhiqizi bomhlaba wonke abalangazelela ukufika kwezingxenye.
I-Japan Guhe Electric, eyenza izintambo zokuxhuma izimoto eVietnam, ithe maduze nje ingabuyisela amandla ayo angu-100%, futhi inkampani iqashe abasebenzi ababalelwa ku-8,000 efektri yayo eHo Chi Minh City kuphela.
Ukusimama kweVietnam kukodwa akwanele eketangeni lokuhlinzeka ngempahla embonini yezimoto, ngoba idolobha eliyinhloko lama-auto chips liseMalaysia, kodwa iMalaysia nayo isendleleni yokubuyisela ukunikezwa kwempahla.
"Isitshalo esikhulu e-Ibao sibuyele esimweni esijwayelekile, kodwa sisebenza ngo-80% kuphela ngenxa yokushoda kwabasebenzi," kusho uJohn Chia (uJohn Chia, usihlalo we-Unisem (M), inkampani yesibili ngobukhulu yokupakisha nokuhlola i-semiconductor eMalaysia.
Ngenxa yokuqubuka kwalesi sifo, iMalaysia ivaliwe ezweni lonke kusukela ngoJuni, kanti ifektri kaYonisen e-Ibao yavalwa izinsuku ezingu-13 ngaphansi kwemiyalelo kahulumeni ngoSepthemba. Ukuvalwa kwezinkampani ze-Henisen nezinye izinkampani ze-semiconductor zezimoto zaseMalaysia kubangele ukushoda kwama-auto chip emakethe yamazwe ngamazwe, okwashiya izinkampani eziningi ezinkulu zezimoto ziphoqelekile ukunciphisa ukukhiqizwa.
Inkomba ye-PMI yabaphathi bokuthenga imikhiqizo eMalaysia ifinyelele ku-52.2% ngo-Okthoba, isuka ku-48.1% ngoSepthemba kanye nephuzu layo eliphakeme kakhulu kusukela ngo-Ephreli, ikakhulukazi ngoba amafektri aqala kabusha umsebenzi ngemuva kokuvalwa kukahulumeni.
Iziteshi zokunikezela ziyalulama kancane kancane
Isikhulu esiphezulu se-Apple uTim Cook uthe nakuba ukuqubuka kwalesi sifo eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia kuthinte ukutholakala kwe-Apple kule kota yakamuva, lokho kuye kwathuthuka kusukela ngo-Okthoba.
EMalaysia, e-Indonesia nasePhilippines, inani lamacala amasha aqinisekisiwe ngosuku olulodwa lehle kakhulu. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukuhamba kwebhizinisi esifundeni nakho kuyalulama, okukhuthaza kakhulu ukuvuselelwa kochungechunge lokunikezwa kwempahla.
Imigqa emide yabekwa phambi kweSingapore Airlines Service Center. Abantu abaningi batheleka kwiwebhusayithi yeNew Airlines ukuzohlola izindiza kanye namanani amathikithi. I-AirAsia ithe ukusetshenziswa kwayo kwezinhlelo zayo zokusebenza zeselula kukhuphuke ngamaphesenti angaphezu kwangu-140 selokhu uhulumeni waseMalaysia wasusa ukuvinjelwa kokuhamba kwamanye amazwe.
Kodwa kunomehluko omkhulu emazingeni okugoma phakathi kwamazwe aseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, futhi ukuqubuka kwalesi sifo kungahluka, njengeVietnam, i-Indonesia nePhilippines cishe ingxenye yesine yabantu. Amazwe afana neMalaysia, iSingapore neCambodia abelana ngamaphesenti angaphezu kuka-70.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukushoda kwabasebenzi nezinkinga zokubuyela kwabasebenzi emsebenzini kusakhathaza amabhizinisi amaningi. UManford (Peter Mumford), inhloko yemisebenzi yaseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia kanye neNingizimu ye-Asia e-Eurasia Group (Eurasia Group), uthe ukushoda kwabasebenzi kungalibazisa ukululama komnotho okugcwele izinyanga eziningana. Amabhizinisi amaningi ezifundeni athi yize kungekho ukushoda kwama-oda, asalokotha asayine izinkontileka eziningi kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ekhathazekile ngokuntuleka kwabasebenzi.
Uhlu lokululama komnotho emazweni ase-ASEAN
IVietnam: Ukubamba iqhaza okungcono ochungechungeni lokuhlinzekwa komhlaba wonke
Ngenxa yokuqubuka kwe-COVID-19 okuphazamisa uchungechunge lokuhlinzekwa komhlaba wonke nolwesifunda kanye nokukhula kokuvikelwa kwezohwebo, ukusayinwa kwe-Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) kube yingqophamlando ebalulekile enkambisweni yokuhlanganiswa komnotho waseVietnam, futhi kulethe izinzuzo eziningi zesikhathi esifushane nezesikhathi eside.
Isivumelwano se-RCEP silethe amathuba amaningi eVietnam. Amalungu e-RCEP ayimpahla enkulu kunazo zonke yezinto zokusetshenziswa, imishini kanye nezinsizakusebenza eVietnam, kanye nemakethe eyinhloko yemikhiqizo yaseVietnam. I-RCEP ihlanganisa uchungechunge lokukhiqiza olukhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni, ngakho-ke ukuhlangana okushelelayo nokusheshayo nezomnotho ze-RCEP kuzosiza iVietnam ibe namathuba amakhulu okuhlanganyela ochungechungeni lokunikezela lomhlaba wonke futhi kwandise indima yeVietnam ochungechungeni lokunikezela. Ukungezwani kwezohwebo phakathi kweChina ne-United States kanye nokuqubuka kwe-COVID-19 nakho kushukumisele iVietnam ukuthi ixhumane neChina kanye nezinye izimakethe ochungechungeni lokukhiqiza, okudala amathuba amahle eVietnam okuheha utshalomali lwangaphandle.
ISingapore: I-RCEP ikhulisa ukuzethemba kwezohwebo kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali
ISingapore njengelungu lokuqala lamazwe ase-ASEAN ukuqedela inqubo esemthethweni yokugunyazwa kwe-RCEP, i-RCEP izokwandisa inethiwekhi yayo yesivumelwano sokuhweba samahhala esikhona, yandise isikhala sezomnotho, ikhuthaze ukukhula kokuhweba nokugeleza kokutshalwa kwezimali, ithuthukise ukuncintisana ezimakethe zesifunda nezamazwe ngamazwe, futhi iqinise isimo sesikhungo sezezimali samazwe ngamazwe kanye nesikhungo sezokuthutha ukuze sidlale indima ebalulekile.
Ngokusho kombono womnotho waminyaka yonke okhishwe yiHhovisi le-ASEAN + 3 (iShayina, iJapan, iNingizimu Korea) kwikota yokuqala yalo nyaka, izinga lokubamba iqhaza kwe-value chain yomhlaba wonke eSingapore lifinyelele ku-60%, okubonisa ukuxhumana okuseduze phakathi komnotho wayo kanye nokuhwebelana kwamazwe ngamazwe. Ukuhweba kwaminyaka yonke eSingapore kucishe kube yi-GDP ephindwe kane. Ngemuva kokuqaliswa kwe-RCEP, kuzosiza iSingapore ukuthi ijulise ukubambisana kwamanye amazwe, idonse kakhulu utshalomali lwangaphandle, yandise ukubamba kwayo iqhaza ochungechungeni lwevalue lomhlaba, ithuthukise uchungechunge lwezimboni, ikhulise ukuzethemba kokuhweba kwamabhizinisi kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali, ihlinzeke ngokukhulisa ibhizinisi kanye nokwandisa inani lokungenisa nokuthumela kwamanye amazwe, yandise futhi iqinise ukuhweba kwamazwe ngamazwe futhi ikhulise umnikelo wayo emnothweni.
I-Thailand: Imboni yokuthengisa ikhombisa uphawu lokululama
Ukuthengiswa okuphelele eThailand kuzoqala kabusha ukukhula okuhle kwikota yesine ka-2021, ngenxa yokuthuthuka kokuqubuka kwe-COVID-19 eShayina kunakwikota yesithathu, ngokusho kwe-Thai China Daily. Ubhubhane lwasekhaya lwe-COVID-19 kanye nokugonywa kwaqala ukubonisa izimpawu ezinhle, okwenza uhulumeni ayeke kancane kancane ukuvalwa kwemisebenzi eyahlukene yezomnotho kwikota yesine ka-2021, okuhlanganisa nezinhlelo zokuvumela izivakashi zakwamanye amazwe ukuthi zivaleleke futhi zicabangele ukuvula imboni yezokuzijabulisa, okubonisa ithuba lokululama komnotho. Ukuvalwa okuvaliwe kuzosiza ekwakheni ukuzethemba kwabathengi nokudala isimo sokusebenzisa imali, kanti i-Kaitai Research Center ekuqaleni ilindele ukuthi ukuthengiswa okuphelele kwezitolo kukhuphuke ngo-1.4% kwikota yesine ka-2021 kusuka ekunciphiseni okungu-1.2% unyaka nonyaka esikhathini esifanayo ngonyaka odlule.
IPhilippines: Ukusimama kokutshalwa kwezimali kwamanye amazwe kudlule okulindelwe
Ibhange eliphakathi likhombisile ukuthi ukungena kwesamba sokutshalwa kwezimali ngqo kwangaphandle (i-FDI) esingu-$6.37 billion kusukela ngoJanuwari kuya ku-Agasti 2021 kwakungama-$6.37 billion, kukhuphuke ngo-40% kusuka kuma-$4.56 billion ngonyaka odlule, kubika i-Philippine Star. Phakathi kwazo, izinkampani zakwamanye amazwe zifake ama-$4.51 billion ezinhlanganweni zazo zasePhilippines ngokutshalwa kwezimali kwesikweletu, kukhuphuke cishe ngo-72% unyaka nonyaka, kanti ukutshalwa kwezimali kabusha kwemali engenayo kukhuphuke ngo-11% unyaka nonyaka kwaya ku-$776 million. Ukutshalwa kwezimali okuyinhloko kuvela eSingapore, eJapane, e-United States nakwezinye izindawo, kugeleza emasimini okukhiqiza, ezezimali, umshwalense, ugesi, amandla kanye nezindawo zokuhlala. Ukungena kwesamba se-FDI kwakungama-$812 million ngo-Agasti, kukhuphuke ngo-20% unyaka nonyaka. Umthelela womjikelezo omusha we-COVID-19 ekuqaleni konyaka, ibhange eliphakathi lehlisa umgomo wokuheha ukutshalwa kwezimali ngqo kwangaphandle kwaya ku-$7 billion unyaka wonke, futhi ukubuyiselwa kokutshalwa kwezimali kwangaphandle kudlule okulindelwe.
I-Indonesia: Inzuzo yokuhweba ifinyelele irekhodi eliphezulu
Inzuzo yokuhweba yase-Indonesia ifinyelele irekhodi eliphezulu ngo-Okthoba, ku-$5.73 billion (ngaphambilini kwakuyi-$4.74 billion ngo-Agasti 2021). Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuthunyelwa kwempahla e-Indonesia nakho kufinyelele irekhodi eliphezulu lama-$22.03 billion, kanti ukuthunyelwa kwempahla yamaminerali kufinyelele ku-$4.53 billion, okuwukwenyuka okukhulu kakhulu kwenyanga nenyanga okungu-20%. I-China yahlala iyimpahla ethunyelwa kakhulu e-Indonesia ngaleyo nyanga, ibalwa cishe ngama-28% empahla ethunyelwayo ngenyanga.
IMalaysia: Ngaphezulu kuka-90% womkhakha wezomnotho usuvuliwe kabusha
Ngokusho kukaNgqongqoshe Wezezimali waseMalaysia uDonggzaflu, kwikota yesithathu ka-2021, ukutshalwa kwezimali kwamanye amazwe okuqondile kukhuphuke ngo-RM12.8 billion, kanti imali engenayo yangaphandle idlule u-RM30 billion ezinyangeni zokuqala eziyisishiyagalolunye zalo nyaka, kubika i-Nanyang Business Daily. IMalaysia ithe umkhiqizo wayo wasekhaya (i-GDP) ukhuphuke ngo-3% ezinyangeni zokuqala eziyisishiyagalolunye zalo nyaka futhi wehla ngo-6.4% ngonyaka odlule. Uqaphele ukuthi iMalaysia ibilokhu isendleleni yokululama, nokuthi umnotho ongaphezu kuka-90% uvule kabusha futhi usuqalile kabusha iningi lemisebenzi yayo yezenhlalo. UMgcinimafa ulindele ukuthi umnotho wezwe ukhule kusuka ku-3% kuya ku-4% ngo-2021, futhi kusuka ku-5.5% kuya ku-6.5% ngonyaka ozayo.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Novemba-23-2021