Ke hopohopo nei nā mea hoʻopukapuka kālā e pili ana i ka nānā ʻana i ka lako i ka wā i piʻi ai nā kumukūʻai alumini honua i kahi kiʻekiʻe hou mai ka makahiki 2011 ma Kepakemapa 6, i hoʻopilikia ʻia e ka haunaele politika kūloko ma Guinea. Mea Hoʻohui Micro Jack, Poʻo inoa e hoʻopaʻa ai a me Uea Palahalaha hopena nui.
Ua loaʻa i nā ʻoihana mining pili ke kālā, ua piʻi ʻo Alcoa a me ka ʻoihana ikehu hou ʻo Norsk Hydro) i 5%, ma luna o kona kiʻekiʻe 2008, a ua piʻi ʻo Rusa ma mua o 14% i kahi kiʻekiʻe moʻolelo.
Ua hoʻokiʻekiʻe ke kipi ʻana o Guinea i ke kumukūʻai o ka bauxite.
I ka Lāpule, ua hana ʻia ka ʻāina ʻo Guinea ma ʻApelika Komohana. ʻOiai ʻo ia ka ʻāina me nā waihona bauxite nui loa o ka honua, ua hoʻoulu pololei kāna mau loli kūloko i ka piʻi ʻana o nā kumukūʻai bauxite.
Ua hōʻea pōkole nā kumukūʻai hoʻouna o nā bauxite i hoʻokuʻu ʻia aku mai Guinea a i Kina i kahi kiʻekiʻe o $50.50 / tone mai 18 mau mahina ma ka Pōʻakahi, i piʻi aʻe he 1% mai ka Pōʻalima, e like me nā kuhi a nā metala ʻĀsia. Ua piʻi aʻe nā kumukūʻai hoʻouna bauxite he 16% i kēia makahiki. Akā, ʻo ka piʻi ʻana o nā hoʻouna bauxite ma muli o ka hopohopo o ka mea kūʻai aku e hoʻopilikia ana ʻo Guinea i ka lako, akā ʻaʻohe mea miners i hōʻike maoli i nā hoʻopilikia lako.
Ua paʻi ka bauxite LME i kahi kiʻekiʻe kokoke i ʻumi makahiki i ka piʻi ʻana o ka alumini-futures i ka Pōʻakahi. Ua hoʻoili ʻia ka hopena i ka mākeke kūʻai. Ma nā mākeke honua, ua piʻi aʻe nā ʻāpana o nā mea hana alumini e like me Norsk Hydro (Norwegian) a me Rusal (Rusal) -Get Report, ʻoiai ma nā mākeke A-share, ua piʻi pū nā mea hana alumini e like me Chinalco.
Ua hoʻohiki ka pūʻali koa Guinean ʻaʻole e hoʻopilikia i nā mea hoʻokuʻu aku minerala
Ua hoʻāhewa ʻia ke kipa ʻana mai o Guinea e nā ʻāina he nui a puni ka honua, ka mea i kau i ke kaomi nui ma luna o ka pūʻali koa o Guinea. Ma ka Pōʻakahi, ua hoʻohiki ke alakaʻi koa o Guinea (Mamady Doumbouya) i kahi aupuni hoʻololi aupuni a me kahi hōʻoia ʻaʻole e hōʻemi ʻia nā mea hoʻokuʻu aku o Guinea i nā minerala.
Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Dumbuya e wehe mau ʻia ka palena kai o Guinea i hiki ke hoʻokuʻu ʻia aku nā mines. Ua ʻōlelo pū ʻo ia ʻaʻole i pili ka curfew aupuni o kēia manawa i ka ʻoihana mining. "Hiki iaʻu ke hōʻoia i kaʻu ʻoihana a me nā hoa hana waiwai e hoʻomau ʻia nā hana mining ma Guinea i ka maʻamau. Ke noi aku nei mākou i nā ʻoihana mining e hoʻomau i kā lākou mau hana."
Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Guinea (ka loea ʻoihana bauxite ʻo Bob Adam): "He liʻiliʻi loa ka hiki ke loaʻa kahi hopena koʻikoʻi pōkole ma nā mea hoʻokuʻu aku. ʻO Kepakemapa ma ka palena haʻahaʻa loa o ke kaʻina hana hoʻokuʻu aku bauxite."
Eia kekahi, ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia he kī ka bauxite i ka hoʻokele waiwai o Guinea a me ke kumu nui o ka loaʻa kālā o ka ʻāina, a "e makemake ana kekahi aupuni e hiki mai ana e hōʻoia ʻaʻole kēia e hoʻoweliweli i nā loaʻa kālā a me nā hoʻopukapuka kālā e hiki mai ana."
He kumu hoʻohana waiwai ʻo Bauxite no Guinea
Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka Bauxite i ka hana ʻana o ka alumina, hoʻohana nui ʻia ka alumina e unuhi i ka alumini, hiki ke hoʻohana nui ʻia ka alumini i nā kaʻa, nā kelepona akamai a me nā ʻōnaehana ikehu. Ua piʻi aʻe nā kumukūʻai alumini honua i kahi kiʻekiʻe kokoke i ʻumi makahiki o $2,782 / ton ma ke kālepa ʻAsia i ka Pōʻalua, a mālama i kahi haʻalulu kiʻekiʻe.
Ua waiwai ʻo Guinea i nā kumuwaiwai mineral, a ʻo kāna mau waihona bauxite ke kūlana mua a ʻo ia ka lua o ka mea hana nui loa o ka honua. ʻO ka ʻoihana bauxite kahi kia nui o kona hoʻokele waiwai a me ke kumu nui o ka loaʻa kālā mai nā ʻāina ʻē. Wahi a ke Kuhina Mining o ka ʻāina, ua hana ʻia he 88 miliona tone o ka bauxite i loko o ka makahiki i hala.
ʻO nā kūlana waiwai maikaʻi kekahi e huki ai i ka nui o nā hoʻopukapuka kālā ma waho. Hōʻike nā helu helu media e like me ka hapa mua o 2021, ʻo nā papahana bauxite ma Guinea he 35.91%, ʻo Alcoa he 20.08%, ʻo Chinalco he 15.15%, ʻo UAE alumini he 13.57%, a ʻo Rusa he 6.75%.
ʻO ka mea nui, ʻo Guinea ka mea hoʻolako bauxite nui o Kina, me kāna mau mea i hoʻokuʻu aku i Kina ua aneane paʻa i kahi mua me Australia. I ka makahiki 2020, ʻo ka huina o ka bauxite i lawe ʻia mai he 111.587 miliona tons, he piʻi mau o 10.9% i kēlā me kēia makahiki, ʻo 52.6701 miliona tons mai Guinea mai, e helu ana i 47.2% o ka huina o ka lawe ʻia mai, he piʻi o 18.51% i kēlā me kēia makahiki.
ʻO nā hana ʻeli ma Guinea he mau hana maʻamau ia
ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻohe hopena pololei o ka pūʻali koa Guinean i nā hana mining kūloko e like me ka bauxite kūloko. Wahi a Reuters, ua ʻōlelo nā ʻoihana e hoʻopukapuka kālā nei ma Guinea e hoʻomohala i nā papahana mining ʻaʻole i hoʻopilikia nui ʻia nā hana mining.
Ua ʻōlelo kekahi wahine ʻōlelo a Chinalco e hana maʻamau ana nā hana bauxite a ka hui ma Guinea; ua ʻōlelo pū kekahi wahine ʻōlelo no ka hui bauxite Guinea CBG ʻaʻole i hoʻopilikia ʻia kāna mau lua e ka haunaele.
Ua ʻōlelo ʻo TOP International Holdings Ltd, nona nā lua bauxite ʻelua ma Guinea, e hoʻomau nei ka ʻoihana me ka "hoʻopilikia liʻiliʻi loa" me nā hale kūʻai bauxite ʻelua.
Ua hoʻopuka ka hui ʻeli gula nui ʻo AngloGold Ashanti (BA) i kahi ʻōlelo e ʻōlelo ana e hana maʻamau ana ia ma ka lua gula ʻo Siguiri (Siguiri) ma Guinea. Ua hana ka lua gula i 117,000 auneke gula i nā mahina ʻeono mua o ka makahiki.
ʻAʻole i pane koke ʻo Rusa, nona nā hale hana bauxite ʻekolu a me hoʻokahi alumina ma Guinea, inā ua hoʻōki ʻia nā hana mining, akā ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia e noʻonoʻo e hoʻihoʻi i nā limahana Lūkini āpau inā e hoʻomau ka hōʻino ʻana o ke kūlana politika kūloko. ʻO nā mines a Chinalco ma Guinea no 42% o kāna hiki ke hana.
Eia nō naʻe, i kēia manawa ke hāpai nei i nā kānalua hou aʻe e pili ana i ka wā e hiki mai ana o ka papahana hao hao o Guinea. ʻO ka Papahana Simandu o Kina (Simandou), ka papahana hao hao nui loa i hoʻomohala ʻole ʻia, nona ʻo Guinea, ua hoʻopukapuka kālā nui, me Rio Tinto, Aluminum Industry o Kina, Yantai Port Group, China Baowu a me nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe i komo i ka hoʻopukapuka kālā.
Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Andrew Gadd, ka mea loiloi kila kiʻekiʻe o CRU Group (Andrew Gadd), "Ua paʻakikī ke loaʻa kālā no Simandu, a ʻo ka maopopo ʻole o nā hanana o kēia manawa e hoʻokūkū i nā kuleana e pili ana."
He aha ka hopena ma ka mākeke mea maka kūloko?
"ʻO ka alumini kekahi o nā metala ʻoihana manaʻolana loa, ua piʻi kokoke i ka 50% i kēia makahiki. Hiki i nā lono mai Guinea ke hoʻonui hou aku i ka hakahaka o ka lako a me ke koi, i hoʻoulu ʻia e ka piʻi ʻana o nā hoʻoweliweli lako, ma waena o ka ulu ikaika o ke koi honua." Ua ʻōlelo ka hui Saab Bank ma kahi hōʻike i ka Pōʻakahi.
Ua piʻi aʻe nā ʻāpana alumini o Kina, kahi ʻoihana mokuʻāina a ʻo ia kekahi o nā mea hana alumini nui loa o ka honua, kokoke i 40% i ka Pōʻakahi, me nā ʻāpana A i piʻi aʻe ma ka palena o kēlā me kēia lā.
Ua piʻi aʻe nā ʻāpana hinalco i 5.5%, e hoʻomau ana i kahi hōʻuluʻulu ʻana o nā mahina he nui ma muli o ka piʻi ʻana o ke koi ma Kina a me ke kiʻekiʻe o nā kumukūʻai alumini honua. Aia nā ʻāpana Chinalco i kēia manawa i ka makahiki 2021 e like me ka manaʻo e hoʻonui ʻia ka loaʻa kālā ma hope o ka lilo ʻana o Kina i mea lawe mai i ka alumini ma 2020.
Ua piʻi nui ke kumukūʻai o ka alumini ma muli o nā hopohopo lako mai nā mahina i hala iho nei, wahi a ka China Nonferrous Metals Industry Association i ka Pōʻakahi. I ka hapa mua o 2021, ʻo ka hana alumini maka a me nā mea i lawe ʻia mai o Kina he 22.89 miliona tons a me 930,000 tons, kēlā me kēia, ʻoiai ua piʻi ka hana alumini a me nā mea i lawe ʻia mai e 9.5% makahiki ma ka makahiki a me 167.6%, kēlā me kēia.
ʻO ka ʻaelike alumini o ka Shanghai Futures Exchange i kēlā me kēia lā i ka Pōʻakahi he 21,075 yuan i ka tone, i emi iho he 1.5% mai kona kumukūʻai pani mua, wahi a ka hui. Ua kiʻekiʻe loa ka ʻaelike mai nā pule i hala iho nei, a hiki i $21,495 i ka tone ma ʻAukake 30.
Ua hōʻike ʻo Bloomberg (Bloomberg) ua piʻi aʻe nā pilikia no ka hana ʻana i ka alumini maka ma ke kikowaena alumini ʻo Guangxi i ka wā i alakaʻi ai ka hoʻemi ʻana i ka hana ʻana i ka mana o ke kau.
Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Wei Lai (TF Futures Co.) -Get Report: "Ua hoʻopilikia kekahi mau kulekele Kina hou i ka hana ʻana o ka alumini a hoʻonui i nā kumukūʻai, me ka manaʻo e hoʻomau ka palena o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mana a me nā kulekele pili a hiki i ka hopena o ka makahiki. No laila, inā hiki ke mālama ʻia ke koi a me ka lako alumini, a laila kūʻokoʻa loa ke kūlana alumini ma ka mākeke, a he paʻakikī ke hoʻi i ke kumukūʻai o ka alumini."
Ke hoʻomau nei nā ʻoihana he nui i ka ʻike ʻana i nā kumukūʻai alumini pōkole e piʻi aʻe ana. Manaʻo ʻo Goldman Sachs i nā loaʻa alumini waena hou aʻe i ka wā e ʻoi aku ka ʻino o ka nānā ʻana i ka lako honua. Ua hoʻokiʻekiʻe ke keʻena ʻo Wall Street i kāna pahuhopu kumukūʻai alumini i $3,200 i hoʻokahi tona no nā mahina 12 e hiki mai ana.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Sep-09-2021