Maalgashadayaashu waxay ka walaacsan yihiin saadaasha saadka iyadoo qiimaha aluminiumka caalamiga ah uu gaaray heerkii ugu sarreeyay tan iyo 2011 Sebtembar 6, kaas oo ay saameeyeen qalalaasaha siyaasadeed ee gudaha ee Guinea. Isku-xirka Micro Jack, Biin madaxeed iyo Fiilo Fidsan saameyn weyn ayay leeyihiin.
Shirkadaha macdanta ee la xiriira waxay heleen maalgelin, Alcoa iyo shirkadda tamarta la cusboonaysiin karo ee Norsk Hydro) waxay kor u kaceen 5%, taasoo ka sarreysa heerkii ugu sarreeyay ee ay gaareen 2008, Rusa-na waxay kor u kacday in ka badan 14% ilaa heerkii ugu sarreeyay ee rikoorka ahaa.
Kacdoonkii Guinea ayaa kor u qaaday qiimaha bauxite.
Axaddii, dalka Galbeedka Afrika ee Guinea ayaa dhacay. Maadaama uu yahay dalka ugu weyn adduunka ee keydka bauxite, isbeddellada gudaha ayaa si toos ah u kiciyay kor u kaca qiimaha bauxite.
Qiimaha keenista bauxite-ka ee laga dhoofiyo Guinea una dhoofiyo Shiinaha ayaa si kooban u gaaray heerkii ugu sarreeyay ee $50.50 / tan tan iyo 18 bilood Isniintii, taasoo kor u kacday 1% laga soo bilaabo Jimcihii, sida laga soo xigtay qiyaasaha biraha Aasiya. Qiimaha keenista bauxite-ka ayaa kor u kacay 16% sanadkan. Laakiin kororka keenista bauxite-ka ayaa ka dhashay walaac laga qabo in Guinea ay saameyn doonto sahayda, laakiin ma jiraan macdan qodayaal dhab ahaantii soo sheegay carqaladeynta sahayda.
LME bauxite waxay gaartay heerkii ugu sarreeyay toban sano ka hor markii mustaqbalka aluminiumku uu kor u kacay Isniintii. Saameynta ayaa sidoo kale u gudubtay suuqa saamiyada. Suuqyada caalamiga ah, saamiyada soosaarayaasha aluminiumka sida Norsk Hydro (Norwegian) iyo Rusal (Rusal) - Hel Warbixinta ayaa kor u kacay, halka suuqyada saamiyada A, soosaarayaasha aluminiumka sida Chinalco ay sidoo kale kor u kaceen.
Milatariga Guinea ayaa ballanqaaday inaysan saameyn ku yeelan doonin dhoofinta macdanta
Booqashada Guinea waxaa cambaareeyay dalal badan oo adduunka ah, taasoo cadaadis weyn saartay militariga Guinea. Isniintii, hoggaamiyaha militariga Guinea (Mamady Doumbouya) wuxuu ballanqaaday dowlad ku meel gaar ah oo qaran iyo dammaanad ah in dhoofinta macdanta Guinea aan la jari doonin.
Dumbuya wuxuu sheegay in xadka badda ee Guinea uu sii furnaan doono si macdanta loo dhoofiyo. Wuxuu sidoo kale sheegay in bandowga qaran ee hadda jira uusan khuseyn warshadaha macdanta. "Waxaan u xaqiijin karaa ganacsatadayda iyo la-hawlgalayaasha dhaqaalaha in howlaha macdanta ee Guinea ay si caadi ah u sii socon doonaan. Waxaan ka codsaneynaa shirkadaha macdanta inay sii wadaan howlahooda."
Guinea (khabiir ku takhasusay warshadaha bauxite Bob Adam) ayaa yiri: "Suurtagalnimada saameyn weyn oo muddo gaaban ah ku yeelan karta dhoofinta aad ayay u yar tahay. Sebtembar wuxuu ku jiray meeshii ugu hoosaysay wareegga dhoofinta bauxite."
Intaa waxaa dheer, wuxuu xusay in bauxite uu fure u yahay dhaqaalaha Guinea iyo isha ugu weyn ee dakhliga sarrifka lacagaha qalaad ee dalka, iyo in "dowlad kasta oo soo socota ay rabto inay hubiso in tani aysan khatar gelinayn dakhliga mustaqbalka iyo maalgashiga."
Bauxite waa isha isticmaalka dhaqaale ee Guinea
Bauxite waxaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa soo saarista alumina, alumina waxaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa in lagu soo saaro aluminium, aluminium waxaa si weyn loogu isticmaali karaa baabuurta, taleefannada casriga ah iyo nidaamyada tamarta. Qiimaha aluminiumka caalamiga ah ayaa kor u kacay ku dhawaad toban sano oo ugu sarreeyay $2,782 / tan ganacsiga Aasiya Talaadadii, wuxuuna sii waday naxdin weyn.
Guinea waxay qani ku tahay kheyraadka macdanta, kaydka bauxite-kana wuxuu kaalinta koowaad ka galay waana soo-saareyaasha labaad ee ugu weyn adduunka. Ganacsiga bauxite-ku waa tiir muhiim ah oo dhaqaalaheeda ah iyo isha ugu weyn ee dakhliga sarrifka lacagaha qalaad. Sida laga soo xigtay Wasaaradda Macdanta ee dalka, 88 milyan oo tan oo bauxite ah ayaa la soo saaray sannadkii hore oo dhan.
Xaaladaha kheyraadka wanaagsan ayaa sidoo kale soo jiita maalgashiyo badan oo dibadda ah. Tirakoobyada warbaahintu waxay muujinayaan in laga soo bilaabo qeybtii hore ee 2021, mashaariicda bauxite ee Guinea waxay ahaayeen 35.91%, Alcoa waxay ahayd 20.08%, Chinalco waxay ahayd 15.15%, aluminiumka UAE waxay ahayd 13.57%, Rusa waxay ahayd 6.75%.
Waxaa xusid mudan in Guinea ay tahay shirkadda ugu weyn ee bauxite-ka ee Shiinaha, iyadoo dhoofinta ay u dhoofiso Shiinaha ay ku dhowdahay inay kaalinta koowaad la gasho Australia. Sannadkii 2020, wadarta guud ee bauxite-ka la soo dejiyo waxay ahayd 111.587 milyan oo tan, taasoo ah koror joogto ah oo ah 10.9% sannadkiiba, oo ka mid ah 52.6701 milyan oo tan oo ka timid Guinea, taasoo ka dhigan 47.2% wadarta guud ee la soo dejiyo, taasoo ah koror dhan 18.51% sannadkiiba.
Hawlaha macdan qodista ee Guinea ayaa asal ahaan shaqeynaya
Xaqiiqdii, militariga Guinea runtii saameyn toos ah kuma yeelan howlaha macdanta maxalliga ah sida bauxite-ka maxalliga ah. Sida laga soo xigtay Reuters, shirkadaha hadda maalgashanaya Guinea si ay u horumariyaan mashaariicda macdanta ayaa sheegay in howlaha macdanta aysan saameyn badan ku yeelan.
Afhayeen u hadashay shirkadda Chinalco ayaa sheegtay in howlaha shirkadda ee bauxite-ka ee Guinea ay si caadi ah u shaqeynayaan; Afhayeen u hadlay shirkadda bauxite-ka ee Guinea CBG ayaa sidoo kale sheegay in macdanteeda aysan saameyn ku yeelan qalalaasaha.
Shirkadda TOP International Holdings Ltd, oo laba macdan oo bauxite ah ku leh Guinea, ayaa sheegtay in ganacsigu uu sii wado "khalad yar" iyadoo labada shirkadood ee bauxite ay deggan yihiin.
Shirkadda weyn ee macdanta dahabka AngloGold Ashanti (BA) ayaa soo saartay bayaan ay ku sheegtay inay si caadi ah uga shaqeyso macdanta dahabka ah ee Siguiri (Siguiri) ee Guinea. Macdanta dahabka ah waxay soo saartay 117,000 wiqiyadood oo dahab ah lixdii bilood ee ugu horreysay sanadka.
Rusa, oo saddex warshadood oo bauxite ah iyo hal warshad oo alumina ah ku leh Guinea, si degdeg ah ugama jawaabin in howlaha macdanta la joojiyay, inkastoo ay sheegtay inay ka fiirsan doonto inay la baxdo dhammaan shaqaalaha Ruushka haddii xaaladdeeda siyaasadeed ee gudaha ay sii xumaato. Macdanta Chinalco ee Guinea waxay ka dhigan tahay 42% wadarta guud ee wax soo saarkeeda.
Si kastaba ha ahaatee, markan waxay shaki badan ka muujinaysaa mustaqbalka mashruuca birta ee Guinea. Mashruuca Simandu ee Shiinaha (Simandou), oo ah mashruuca macdanta birta ee ugu weyn ee aan la horumarin, oo ay leedahay Guinea, ayaa maalgashi badan sameeyay, iyadoo Rio Tinto, Warshadaha Aluminium ee Shiinaha, Yantai Port Group, China Baowu iyo shirkado kale ay dhammaantood ka qayb qaateen maalgashiga.
Andrew Gadd, oo ah falanqeeye sare oo ka tirsan CRU Group (Andrew Gadd), ayaa yiri, "Way adkeyd in la helo maalgelin loogu talagalay Simandu, hubanti la'aanta ku saabsan horumarka hadda jirana waxay caqabad ku noqon doontaa ballanqaadyada ku lug leh."
Waa maxay saameynta suuqa alaabta ceeriin ee gudaha?
"Aluminiumku waa mid ka mid ah biraha warshadaha ugu rajo wanaagsan, oo kor u kacay ku dhawaad 50% sanadkan. Wararka ka imanaya Guinea ayaa sii kordhin kara farqiga saadka iyo baahida, oo ay horseeddo khatarta sii kordheysa ee saadka, iyadoo ay jirto koror xooggan oo baahida adduunka ah." Kooxda Saab Bank ayaa warbixin ay soo saartay Isniintii ku sheegtay.
Saamiyada aluminiumka ee Shiinaha, oo ah shirkad ay dowladdu leedahay iyo mid ka mid ah soosaarayaasha aluminiumka ugu waaweyn adduunka, ayaa Isniintii kor u kacay ku dhawaad 40%, iyadoo saamiyada A ay kor u kaceen xadka maalinlaha ah.
Saamiyada hinalco waxay ku dhammaadeen 5.5%, iyagoo sii waday kacdoon bilo badan socday oo ku saabsan baahida sii kordheysa ee Shiinaha iyo qiimaha aluminiumka adduunka oo sarreeya. Saamiyada Chinalco ilaa hadda waxay joogaan 2021 iyadoo faa'iidada la filayo inay kordho ka dib markii Shiinuhu noqdo soo saaraha saafiga ah ee aluminiumka sanadka 2020.
Qiimaha aluminiumka ayaa si weyn kor ugu kacay walaacyada sahayda tan iyo bilihii la soo dhaafay, sida ay Isniintii sheegeen Ururka Warshadaha Birta ee Shiinaha ee aan ferrous lahayn. Qeybtii hore ee 2021, wax soo saarka aluminiumka cayriin ee Shiinaha iyo soo dejinta waxay ahaayeen 22.89 milyan oo tan iyo 930,000 oo tan, siday u kala horreeyaan, halka wax soo saarka aluminiumka iyo soo dejinta ay kordheen 9.5% sannadkii iyo 167.6%, siday u kala horreeyaan.
Qandaraaska maalinlaha ah ee Shanghai Futures Exchange ee maalintii Isniinta wuxuu ahaa 21,075 yuan halkii tan, taasoo hoos u dhacday 1.5% marka loo eego qiimihii hore ee xidhitaanka, sida uu sheegay ururku. Qandaraaska ayaa ahaa mid aad u sarreeya tan iyo dhowrkii toddobaad ee la soo dhaafay, isagoo gaaray $21,495 halkii tan Agoosto 30.
Bloomberg (Bloomberg) ayaa sheegtay in caqabadaha sii kordhaya ee wax soo saarka aluminiumka cayriin ee Xarunta Aluminiumka ee Guangxi ay soo food saartay iyadoo kororka korontada xilliyeedku uu horseeday hoos u dhac ku yimaada wax soo saarka.
Wei Lai (TF Futures Co.) -Get Report ayaa yiri: "Taxane siyaasado Shiinaha ah oo dhawaanahan soo baxay ayaa saameeyay wax soo saarka aluminiumka waxayna kor u qaadeen qiimaha, iyadoo la filayo in saqafka isticmaalka korontada iyo siyaasadaha la xiriira ay sii socdaan ilaa dhammaadka sanadka. Sidaa darteed, ilaa inta baahida iyo sahayda aluminiumka la ilaalin karo, markaas heerka aluminiumka ee suuqa waa mid aad u macquul ah, qiimaha aluminiumkuna way adag tahay in dib loo soo celiyo."
Hay'ado badan ayaa sii wada inay arkaan qiimaha aluminiumka muddada gaaban oo sii kordhaya. Goldman Sachs waxay filaysaa faa'iidooyin dheeraad ah oo ku meel gaar ah oo aluminium ah maadaama saadaasha saadka adduunka ay ka sii dari karto. Hay'adda Wall Street waxay kor u qaadday bartilmaameedkeeda qiimaha aluminiumka ilaa $3,200 tan 12ka bilood ee soo socda.
Waqtiga boostada: Sebteembar-09-2021