Kei te āwangawanga ngā kaipupuri moni mō te tirohanga tuku i te mea kua eke ngā utu konumohe o te ao ki tōna taumata teitei hou mai i te 6 o Hepetema i te tau 2011, i pāngia e te raruraru tōrangapū o roto i Guinea. Hononga Jack Micro, Pini pane me Taura Papatahi he pānga nui.
I whiwhi pūtea ngā kamupene keri e pā ana, i piki ake a Alcoa me te kamupene pūngao whakahou (Norsk Hydro) mā te 5%, i runga ake i tōna taumata teitei o te tau 2008, ā, i piki ake a Rusa neke atu i te 14% ki tētahi taumata teitei rekoata.
Kua piki ake te utu o te bauxite nā te tutu i Kini.
I te Rātapu, i puta te aituā i te whenua o Guinea i Āwherika ki te Hauāuru. Hei whenua whai rahui bauxite nui rawa atu o te ao, nā ngā panonitanga ā-rohe i piki ake ai ngā utu bauxite.
I te Rāhina, i eke ngā utu tuku o ngā taonga tuku bauxite mai i Guinea ki Haina ki te taumata teitei o te $50.50/tana, he pikinga ake tēnei i te Paraire, e ai ki ngā whakatau tata a ngā konganuku o Āhia. Kua piki ake ngā utu tuku bauxite mā te 16% i tēnei tau. Engari ko te pikinga ake o ngā tuku bauxite i ahu mai i ngā āwangawanga a ngā kaihoko kei pāngia e Guinea te tuku, engari kāore anō kia puta he pūrongo a ngā kaimaina mō ngā raruraru tuku.
I eke te utu o te bauxite LME ki te taumata teitei tata ki te tekau tau i te mea kua piki ake ngā utu o ngā konumohe ā-mua i te Rāhina. I pā anō hoki te pānga ki te mākete hea. I ngā mākete o te ao, i piki ake ngā hea o ngā kaihanga konumohe pērā i a Norsk Hydro (Norwegian) me Rusal (Rusal) -Get Report, i te mea i ngā mākete hea-A, i piki ake anō hoki ngā kaihanga konumohe pērā i a Chinalco.
Kua oati te ope taua o Guinea kāore e pā ki ngā kaweake kohuke
Kua whakahēngia te haerenga mai o Guinea e te tini o ngā whenua o te ao, ā, kua nui te pēhanga kua pā ki te ope taua o Guinea. I te Rāhina, i oati te rangatira ope taua o Guinea (Mamady Doumbouya) ki te whakatū i tētahi kāwanatanga whakawhiti ā-motu me te taurangi e kore e tapahia ngā kaweake kohuke o Guinea.
I kī a Dumbuya ka noho tuwhera tonu te rohe moana o Guinea kia taea ai te kaweake i ngā maina. I kī anō ia kāore te rāhui ā-motu o nāianei e pā ki te umanga maina. "Ka taea e au te whakamana i aku pakihi me aku hoa mahi ōhanga ka haere tonu ngā mahi maina i Guinea. Ka tono mātou ki ngā kamupene maina kia haere tonu ā rātou mahi."
I mea atu a Guinea (tohunga ahumahi bauxite a Bob Adam): "He iti noa te tūponotanga o tētahi pānga nui ki ngā kaweake mō te wā poto. Ko Hepetema te wā tino iti rawa o te huringa kaweake bauxite."
Hei tāpiritanga, i kī ia ko te bauxite te mea nui ki te ōhanga o Guinea me te puna nui o te moni whiwhi mai i tāwāhi, ā, "ka hiahia tetahi kāwanatanga e haere ake nei kia kore ai tēnei e whakararu i ngā moni whiwhi me ngā haumitanga a meake nei."
He puna whakamahinga ōhanga te bauxite o Guinea
Ko te bauxite te mea nui e whakamahia ana i roto i te hanga alumina, ko te alumina te mea nui e whakamahia ana hei tango i te konumohe, ka taea te whakamahi whānui i te konumohe i roto i ngā motuka, waea atamai me ngā pūnaha hiko. I piki ake ngā utu konumohe o te ao ki te taumata teitei tata ki te tekau tau o te $2,782 / tana i roto i te hokohoko Āhia i te Tūrei, ā, i mau tonu te ohorere nui.
He nui ngā rauemi kohuke o Guinea, ā, ko ana rahui bauxite te tuatahi, ā, ko rātou te tuarua o ngā kaihanga nui rawa atu o te ao. Ko te pakihi bauxite tētahi pou matua o tōna ōhanga, ā, he puna matua hoki mō te moni whiwhi mai i tāwāhi. E ai ki te Manatū Mining o te whenua, e 88 miriona tana o te bauxite i hangaia puta noa i te tau kua hipa.
He nui hoki ngā haumitanga ki tāwāhi e kukume mai ana i ngā āhuatanga pai o ngā rauemi. E whakaatu ana ngā tatauranga pāpāho, tae noa ki te haurua tuatahi o te tau 2021, ko ngā kaupapa bauxite i Guinea he 35.91%, ko Alcoa he 20.08%, ko Chinalco he 15.15%, ko te konumohe o UAE he 13.57%, ā, ko Rusa he 6.75%.
He mea nui, ko Guinea te kaiwhakarato nui o te bauxite o Haina, ā, tata rite tonu ana kaweake ki Haina ki te tūranga tuatahi me Ahitereiria. I te tau 2020, ko te tapeke o te kawemai o te bauxite he 111.587 miriona tana, he pikinga pumau o te 10.9% ia tau, ko te 52.6701 miriona tana mai i Guinea, ko te 47.2% o te tapeke kawemai, he pikinga o te 18.51% ia tau.
Ko ngā mahi keri i Guinea he mahi tūturu noa iho
Ina hoki, kāore i tino pā te ope taua o Guinea ki ngā mahi keri ā-rohe pērā i te bauxite ā-rohe. E ai ki a Reuters, i kī ngā kamupene e haumi ana ki Guinea ki te whakawhanake i ngā kaupapa keri kāore i tino pāngia ngā mahi keri.
I kī te kaikorero mō Chinalco kei te haere tonu ngā mahi bauxite a te kamupene i Guinea; i kī anō te kaikorero mō te kamupene bauxite o Guinea, CBG, kāore āna maina i pāngia e te ngangau.
I kī a TOP International Holdings Ltd, te rangatira o ngā maina bauxite e rua i Guinea, kei te haere tonu ngā pakihi me te "iti rawa o te whakararuraru" me ngā whare bauxite e rua.
I whakaputa te kamupene keri koura nui a AngloGold Ashanti (BA) i tētahi kōrero e kī ana kei te mahi tonu rātou i te maina koura o Siguiri (Siguiri) i Guinea. I whakaputa te maina koura i te 117,000 hekere koura i ngā marama tuatahi e ono o te tau.
Kāore a Rusa, e toru āna whare hanga paitini me tētahi whare whakapai alumina i Guinea, i whakautu wawe mai mēnā kua whakakorea ngā mahi keri, ahakoa i kī ia ka whakaarohia e ia te tango i ngā kaimahi katoa o Ruhia mēnā ka kino haere tonu te āhua tōrangapū o roto. Ko ngā maina a Chinalco i Guinea e 42% o tana kaha whakaputa katoa.
Heoi, i tēnei wā ka ara ake ngā feaa mō te heke mai o te kaupapa rino o Guinea. Ko te Kaupapa Simandu o Haina (Simandou), te kaupapa rino nui rawa atu kāore anō kia whakawhanakehia, nō Guinea, kua nui te haumi, me Rio Tinto, Aluminum Industry o Haina, Yantai Port Group, China Baowu me ētahi atu kamupene katoa i uru ki te haumi.
I mea atu a Andrew Gadd, te kaitātari rino matua o te CRU Group (Andrew Gadd), "Kua kitea he uaua ki te kimi pūtea mō Simandu, ā, ko te koretake o ngā whanaketanga o nāianei ka wero i ngā herenga e pā ana."
He aha te pānga ki te mākete rauemi mata o te motu?
"Ko te konumohe tētahi o ngā konganuku ahumahi tino pai, tata ki te 50% te pikinga i tēnei tau. Tērā pea ka nui ake te rerekētanga o te tuku me te tono mā roto i ngā purongo mai i Guinea, nā te pikinga ake o ngā tūmomo mōrearea tuku, i waenganui i te tipu kaha o te tono o te ao." I kī te tīma Saab Bank i roto i tētahi pūrongo i te Rāhina.
I piki ake ngā hea konumohe o Haina, he kamupene kāwanatanga me tētahi o ngā kaihanga konumohe nui rawa atu o te ao, tata ki te 40% i te Rāhina, me ngā hea A i piki ake i te rohe o ia rā.
I piki ake ngā hea o Hinalco mā te 5.5%, he pikinga tonu tēnei mō ngā marama maha i runga i te pikinga o te tono i Haina me te pikinga ake o ngā utu konumohe o te ao. Kei te tino pai ngā hea o Chinalco i te tau 2021, i te mea e matapaetia ana ka piki ake ngā hua i muri i te noho a Haina hei kawemai kupenga o te konumohe i te tau 2020.
Kua piki ake ngā utu konumohe i ngā āwangawanga mō te tuku mai i ngā marama kua taha ake nei, e ai ki te China Nonferrous Metals Industry Association i te Rāhina. I te haurua tuatahi o te tau 2021, ko te putanga konumohe mata me ngā kawemai a Haina he 22.89 miriona tana me te 930,000 tana, ia, i te mea kua piki ake te hanga konumohe me ngā kawemai mā te 9.5% ia tau me te 167.6% ia.
E ai ki te whakahaere, ko te utu o ia rā o te kirimana konumohe a te Shanghai Futures Exchange i te Mane he 21,075 yuan ia tana, he hekenga iho i te 1.5% mai i tōna utu kati o mua. Kua eke te kirimana ki te taumata teitei rawa atu i ngā wiki kua taha ake nei, tae atu ki te $21,495 ia tana i te 30 o Ākuhata.
E ai ki a Bloomberg (Bloomberg) kua piki haere ngā wero mō te hanga konumohe mata i te Guangxi Aluminum Center kua pāngia e te whakaiti i te hanga hiko o ia wā.
I mea a Wei Lai (TF Futures Co.) -Get Report: "He maha ngā kaupapa here Hainamana kua pā ki te hanga konumohe, ā, kua piki ake ngā utu, me te tumanako ka haere tonu te tuanui whakapaunga hiko me ngā kaupapa here e pā ana tae noa ki te mutunga o te tau. Nō reira, i te mea ka taea tonu te pupuri i te tono me te tuku konumohe, he tino whaitake te tūnga konumohe i te mākete, ā, he uaua ki te hoki whakamuri ki te utu o te konumohe."
He maha ngā umanga kei te piki haere tonu ngā utu konumohe mō te wā poto. E matapaetia ana e Goldman Sachs ka piki ake ngā utu konumohe mō te wā poto i te mea ka kino haere pea te tirohanga tuku o te ao. I whakapiki ake te tari o Wall Street i tana whainga utu konumohe ki te $3,200 ia tana mō ngā marama 12 e whai ake nei.
Wā tuku: Hepetema-09-2021