I whakatata mai tētahi kaihanga panera i te Netherlands ki ahau i te tau kua hipa me tētahi raruraru utu mahi e tere haere ana. E whakaoti ana tana tīma hanga panera tokotoru i ngā panera whakahaere 40-50 ia marama, ā, ko te pēhanga utu mākete mai i ngā kaiwhakataetae o Ūropi ki te Rawhiti i whakawhāiti i ngā moni whiwhi. He rite tonu te arai i roto i ia panera: te whakamutu waea. Ko āna kaimahi waea mātau he kaiwhakamutu i ngā waea whakahaere aho 20AWG-14AWG i te tata ki te 10-12 hononga ia tangata ia hāora mā te whakamahi i ngā poraka pito tīwiri. Ko ana kaiwhakataetae, mā te whakamahi i te hangarau pito pana-roto hou, i whakaoti i ngā panera ōrite me te 35-40% te iti iho o ngā hāora waea.
He māmā noa iho te tatau i te ROI: i tana utu mahi EUR 38/haora kua utaina katoatia, ko te whakaiti i te wā waea mā te 4-5 hāora mō ia panera 300-waea he tata ki te EUR 150-190 te penapena mahi mō ia panera. Ko tana rahinga marama o ngā panera 45 i tohu i te whakahekenga o te utu mahi ia marama he EUR 6,750-8,550. Ko te utu hurihanga — ngā poraka taunga hou, he haumitanga taputapu iti, me te wā whakangungu — he iti iho i te 6 wiki te wā whakahoki. Mai i taua wā kua whakauruhia e mātou tana wheketere ki te whānuitanga katoa o ngā taputapu pana-roto J-Guang, ā, kua whakaratohia hoki he whakangungu ki te papaanga.
Te Mārama ki te Hangarau: Te Mahi a ngā Pūrua Pana-Whakauru me ngā Pūrua Tīwiri
I mua i te aromatawai i ngā āhuatanga ōhanga o te whakahounga, he mea nui kia mārama ki te rerekētanga ā-pūkaha i waenga i ngā hononga pana-whakauru me ngā hononga tīwiri hei aromatawai mēnā he tika te hangarau pana-whakauru mō tō tono.
Tikanga Hononga Pūrua Tīwiri
Ka piri ngā pito tīwiri i te waea ki tētahi pereti whakapā whakarewa mā te whakamahi i te kaha ā-ringa o tētahi tīwiri kua whakakīkītia. Ko te kounga o te hononga e whakawhirinaki ana ki: te taipana i whakamahia (iti rawa = ātete nui; nui rawa = pakaru waea, kua tangohia rānei ngā miro), te kounga o te whakarite waea (me takai te waea aho ka whakauru katoa ki roto i te pito), me te ātete o te tīwiri pito ki te wetewete i puta mai i te wiri.
Ina tirohia e au ngā hononga pūrua tīwiri i te mara — he mea e mahia pinepine ana e au i roto i ā mātou haerenga ki te pae o ngā kiritaki — ka kitea tonutia e au ko te whakatakotoranga taipana te mea tino warewarehia. Ka tohua e mātou ngā uara taipana mō tētahi take: ka hangaia e ngā tīwiri iti te taipana ngā hononga ātete-teitei e whakaputa ana i te wera me te whakateretere i te pakaru o te pūrua. Ka tangohia e ngā tīwiri nui te taipana te miro, ka pēhia rānei te waea ki tua atu i ōna rohe miihini, ka puta te pakaru wawe. E ai ki taku wheako, tata ki te 30-40% o ngā raruraru waea mara i roto i ngā tāutanga pūrua tīwiri ka hoki ki te tono taipana hē i te wā whakamutunga tuatahi.
Tikanga Hononga Pūrua Pana-Whakauru
Ka whakamahia e ngā pūnga pana-roto he tikanga rawhi puna hei utu mō te tīwiri. Ka pupuri te puna maitai kore waikura i roto i te tinana pūnga i te waea ki te mata pa. Hei whakauru i te waea, ka panaia e koe ki roto i te whakatuwheratanga pūnga — ka tuwhera aunoa te kukū o te puna, ā, ka mau te puna i te waea ina tukuna e koe te pēhanga. Kāore he tīwiri, kāore he whakaritenga taipana, kāore he whakawhirinakitanga ki te pūkenga o te kaiwhakahaere. Ko te kounga o te hononga ka whakatauhia e te hoahoa puna, ehara i te tikanga a te kaiwhakahaere.
E rau ngā whakamātautau kaha tōia kua mahia e au ki ngā pito pana-ki roto i tā mātou taiwhanga R&D, ā, ko tāku e kite tonu nei ko te kaha tōia o te pūnaha rawhi puna e whakaputa ana i te kaha tōia ōrite puta noa i te whānuitanga manawanui katoa o ngā diameter waea. Ko te waea i whakauruhia ki roto i tētahi pito pana-ki roto i hangaia tika ka whakaatu i te kaha tōia e tutuki ana, e neke atu rānei i ngā whakaritenga IEC 60947-7-1. Kua whakamatauria e mātou ā mātou pito pana-ki roto J-Guang ki te kaha tōia neke atu i te 50N mō ngā kaiārahi rawhi 1.5mm² — he nui ake i te whakaritenga paerewa. Kāore e taea e mātou te whakatutuki i tēnei ōritetanga me ngā pito tīwiri, ina puta mai ngā rerekētanga nui i roto i te tikanga a te kaiwhakahaere.
Te Tātari Utu Mahi: Te Pūtake Matua o te Ōhanga
Ko te take ōhanga mō te whakamahi i te pūrua pana-whakauru he kōrero whai hua mō te mahi. Ko te tukanga waea i roto i te hanga papatohu whakahaere tētahi o ngā mahi tino nui te mahi i roto i te tukanga whakaputa katoa, ā, koinei te wāhi e whai wāhi nui ai ki te whakaiti i te wā ina oti te whiriwhiri i ngā wāhanga.
I runga i ngā rangahau wā kua tuhia mō ngā mahi hanga panera puta noa i Ūropi me te Tonga-mā-rāwhiti o Āhia, he nui te rerekētanga tere whakamutu i waenga i ngā pito pana-ki-roto me ngā pito tīwiri. I tono mātou i tētahi rangahau wā-me-te-nekehanga motuhake i runga i tētahi panera whakahaere ahumahi 300-waea i te tau kua hipa, ā, i whakaū ngā hua i ngā mea kua kitea e mātou i roto i ngā kōrero mō ngā tau.
| Rahi Waea | Pūrua tīwiri (iti/waea) | Pūrua Pana-Whakauru (mini/waea) | Te Penapena Wā |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20AWG (0.5mm²) | 4.8 meneti | 2.1 meneti | 56% |
| 18AWG (0.75mm²) | 5.2 meneti | 2.3 meneti | 56% |
| 16AWG (1.0mm²) | 5.5 meneti | 2.5 meneti | 55% |
| 14AWG (1.5mm²) | 6.0 meneti | 2.8 meneti | 53% |
Ko ngā tau ako wā mō ia waea i runga ake nei ko te whakarite waea (te tango i te taura), te tono i te taura (mō te waea kua honoa), te whakaurunga, me te tirotiro ā-kanohi. Ko te painga o te pito pana-ki-roto te mea nui rawa atu mō ngā waea iti ake nā te mea he nui ake te wā e pau ana i te mahi whakapiri tīwiri ki te rahi o te waea.
Mō te Paewhiri Mana 300-waea:
- Te wā waea o te pūrua tīwiri: Tata ki te 26-28 hāora tangata
- Te wā e honoa ai te taura o te pūrua pana-roto: Tata ki te 11-13 hāora tangata
- Ngā penapena wā mahi: 15-17 hāora tangata mō ia panera
- Ngā penapena utu mahi i te EUR 38/haora: EUR 570-646 mō ia panera
Ko te mea kāore i te tino hopukina e te ripanga i runga ake nei ko te painga tuarua o te mahi: te ōritetanga. Ina kōrero ahau ki ngā kaiwhakahaere o te toa panera, ka pūrongo tonu rātou he iti ake te tere hapa o te waea pana-whakauru i te waea tīwiri. He māmā noa te take - he mahi māmā ake te whakamutu pana-whakauru, he mahi ka taea te whakahoki. He iti ake ngā taurangi ka hē. Ko te whakamutu tīwiri ko te hohonu o te whakaurunga waea, te kounga hurihuri, te tūnga tīwiri, te tono taipana, me te manatoko. Ko te pana-whakauru ko te kounga tango waea, te tono ferrule, me te hohonu whakaurunga. Ko te iti o ngā mahi he iti ake ngā aratau rahunga, e tika ana ki te iti ake o ngā tere mahi anō me te iti ake o te wā e pau ana ki te rapurongoā me te whakatika hononga.
Anga Whakatau Whakahou: Te Hurihanga o te Papaaho Hou me te Papaaho o Nāianei
I mua i te whakaae ki te whakahou i ngā panera o nāianei, ka tohutohu tonu ahau ki ngā kaihoko kia mārama te wehewehe i waenga i ngā āhuatanga e rua: te hanganga o ngā panera hou (ko te whakahou i te panera te whiringa tika mō te nuinga o ngā tono) me ngā whakahounga o ngā panera o nāianei (me āta tātarihia ngā āhuatanga ōhanga).
Āhea te Kōwhiri i te Pana-Whakauru mō ngā Hanganga Paewhiri Hou
Ngā poraka whakamutunga pana-roto J-Guang koinei te whiringa taunoa mō ngā kaihanga panera nui-rahi e rapu ana i ngā whakapainga pai o te waea. Ka tūtohu mātou i ngā poraka pito pana-whakauru hei whiringa taunoa mō ngā hanganga panera hou i roto i ngā āhuatanga e whai ake nei: ngā oma whakaputa nui-rahi ina piki ake te penapena mahi puta noa i ngā tekau, i ngā rau rānei o ngā panera ōrite; ngā tono i roto i ngā taiao whakahaeretia (ngā papa wheketere, ngā rūma hiko e whakahaeretia ana te āhuarangi) ina kei roto te wiri me te huringa wera i ngā rohe whakatakotoranga pana-whakauru; ngā panera kāore e hiahiatia he whakarerekētanga waea mara auau i muri i te wehenga atu i te wheketere; me ngā toa panera ka taea te haumi ki ngā taputapu ferruling me te whakangungu tika i ā rātou kaimahi waea i mua i te tīmatanga o te whakaputanga.
Mena he kaihanga panera koe e hanga ana i ngā panera neke atu i te 20 ia marama, ki taku whakaaro ko te hua o te hangarau pana-whakauru ka utua ō taputapu whana i roto i ngā marama tuatahi e 3 o te whakaputanga. He tātaitai whakahoki-moni paerewa tā mātou e tohaina ana ki ngā kaihoko pea - i te nuinga o te wā, ko te wā whakahoki mō ngā taputapu whana me ngā poraka pito pana-whakauru ki ngā pito tīwiri ōrite kei waenganui i te 6 me te 14 wiki, i runga i te utu mahi me te uaua o te panera.
Āhea me Whakahou Ngā Panels O Nāianei — Ā, Āhea Kāore e Whakahou
He nui ake te utu o te whakahou i tētahi panera o nāianei me ngā pito pana-whakauru i te whakarite i te pana-whakauru mai i te mea hou, nā te mea me tango ā-tinana, me whakakapi hoki ngā poraka pito o nāianei, me te whakahoki anō i ngā waea katoa. E taunaki ana mātou kia kaua e whakahou i roto i ēnei āhuatanga: kei te whakamahi kē te panera i ngā pito tīwiri kounga teitei kua tika te whakakaha, ā, kāore he hītori rahunga mara; kua tata te mutunga o te ora o te panera, ā, ka whakakapia i roto i ngā tau 2-3; kei roto te panera i tētahi taiao wiri nui, kāore te pana-whakauru i te whiringa pai rawa atu; kāore rānei i te rawaka ngā roa waea i roto i te panera o nāianei ki te whakauru i te āhua rerekē o ngā poraka pito pana-whakauru me te kore e hono anō i te waea.
I tētahi atu taha, ina kite ahau i tētahi panera i hangaia me ngā pito tīwiri kawemai utu iti — te momo he raruraru kounga e kitea ana, he kounga miro kāore i te ōrite, he hoahoa pupuri waea ngoikore rānei — he maha tonu taku tūtohu kia whakahoutia ahakoa he nui ake te utu. He māmā noa te take: ko aua pito tīwiri kounga iti kei te whakaputa i ngā raruraru mara tonu, ā, ko ia waeatanga ratonga he nui ake te utu i te whakahoutanga. Mā te whakakapi i a rātou ki tētahi pito pana-mai tika mai i tētahi kaihanga kounga ka whakatauhia te raruraru rahunga o nāianei me te raruraru whai huatanga waea mō te wā roa i te wā kotahi.
Te Tātaritanga Utu Whakahou: Te Utu Tuturu mō te Whakahoutanga
Ko te utu mō te huri mai i te tīwiri ki ngā poraka pito pana-roto, ka whakawhirinaki ki te whānuitanga o te hurihanga — ahakoa kei te hanga koe i ngā panera hou me te hangarau pana-roto, kei te whakahou rānei i ngā panera o nāianei.
Hanganga Paewhiri Hou: Te Rerekētanga Utu Poraka Whakamutunga
Ko te utu mō ngā poraka pito pana-roto he 15-35% te nui ake i ia pito i ngā poraka pito momo tīwiri rite, i runga i te waitohu me te whakatakotoranga. Mō tētahi panera 300-waea me te 150-180 ngā pūwāhi whakamutu takitahi, ko te rerekētanga utu poraka pito he tata ki te EUR 45-90 teitei ake i ia panera — he wāhanga iti noa iho tēnei o ngā penapena utu mahi EUR 570-646. Ina whakaatuhia e mātou tēnei whakataurite ki ngā kaihanga panera i roto i ā mātou wānanga hua, tata tonu te rite tonu o te tauhohenga: "koia anake?" He tino iti te utu rauemi ki te whakataurite ki ngā penapena mahi ka hua mai.
Whakahoutanga: Te Hurihanga o te Paewhiri o nāianei
He nui ake te utu mō te whakahou i tētahi panera o nāianei me ngā pito pana-roto nā te mea me tango ā-tinana, me whakakapi hoki ngā poraka pito o nāianei. Ko te tukanga whakahou:
- Te tango me te whakakapi i te poraka tauranga: EUR 0.40-0.80 mō ia poraka pito e mahi ana (tango + tāutanga o te pito hou)
- Te whakamutu anō i te waea: Ka taea te whakamahi anō i ngā waea o nāianei mēnā ka whakamahia he taura; ki te kore e ranea te roa o te waea, me hutia he waea hou.
- Te utu katoa mō te whakahounga mō te panera 300-waea: Tata ki te EUR 180-350 te utu mahi tāpiri me te rerekētanga utu poraka pūrua
Ngā wāhanga hononga J-Guang ngā kaupapa whakahou o te papa tautoko puta noa i ngā whenua 28. Ko te tataunga utu whakahou: Mō te haumitanga whakahou EUR 350 me te penapena mahi ā-tau EUR 570-646 mō ia panera, ko te wā whakahoki he tata ki te 6-7 panera — ka taea te whakahaere mō ngā kaihanga panera me te nui o te mahi e mahia tonutia ana. Heoi, e whakatūpato tonu ana ahau ki ngā kaihoko kia whakaarohia hoki te utu mō te wā kore mahi o te panera. Mena kei roto i tētahi whare mahi te panera e whakahoutia ana, me whakauru he utu whai wāhitanga ki roto i te take pakihi mēnā ka tangohia atu mō ngā rā e 2-3 o te mahi whakahou. Mō ngā panera i roto i tētahi tautuhinga wheketere, ka taea e tēnei utu wā kore mahi te nui ake i te utu rauemi o te whakahou tonu, koia mātou e tino taunaki ana kia whakaritea ngā whakahou i te wā e kati ana te tiaki kua whakaritea, kaua i ngā wā motumotu tauhohe. ngā hua poraka whakamutunga
Ferrules: Te Utu Huna e Warewaretia Ana e ngā Kaihoko
He nui ake te uaua o ngā whakaritenga whakarite waea mō ngā pūrua pana-roto i ngā pūrua tīwiri, ā, nā tēnei ka puta he utu tāpiri me whakauru ki roto i te tātari ōhanga. Me whai taura te waea kua tau ki te taura kia pono ai te whakamutu pana-roto — ka horapa ngā aho takitahi o te waea aho ina panaia ki roto i te pūnaha puna, ka puta he hononga ātete-teitei, he rahunga whakapā wā poto rānei.
Te utu mō ia taura: EUR 0.02-0.05 mō ia taura, i runga i te kounga me te rahi. Mō tētahi panera 300-waea, ka tāpirihia e ngā taura te utu rauemi tata ki te EUR 6-15 — he iti noa iho, engari me whakauru ki te utu katoa.
Te wā e whakamahia ai te ferrule: tata ki te 3-5 hēkona mō ia waea. He iti noa iho te painga o te wā pana-ki-roto i tēnei. Ko te painga kupenga pana-ki-roto i muri i te whakamahinga o te ferrule he tata ki te 40-50% te whakaiti i te wā mō ia waea — he tino nui tonu, engari kāore i te rite ki te 55-60% te tapeke e whakahuatia ana i ētahi wā.
I roto i aku wheako ki te toro atu ki ngā toa panera puta noa i te Tonga-mā-rāwhiti o Āhia me Ūropi, ko te hapa tino kitea e au i roto i te whakatinanatanga pana-whakauru ko te peke i te whakaritenga ferrule. I toro atu ahau ki tētahi kaihanga panera i Thailand i te tau kua hipa kua huri ki ngā pito pana-whakauru engari e whakamahi ana i te waea tahanga - kāore he ferrule - nā te mea i kitea e ā rātou kaimahi waea he "pōturi rawa te ferruling." Ko ngā pānui ātete hononga i runga i ā rātou whakamātautau QC i runga i te whānuitanga whakatakotoranga, ā, i pāngia rātou e ngā hapa whakapā wā-poto i te mara. I taku whakamārama i te tikanga ferrule me te whakahaere i tētahi whakamātautau whakatairite me te waea ferruled me te waea tahanga, i kitea tonutia te rerekētanga o te kounga whakapā. Whai muri i tā mātou whakangungu anō i tā rātou tīma ki te tikanga ferruling tika me te tāpiri atu ki tā rātou tohutohu mahi, i heke te reiti hapa mara neke atu i te 80% i roto i ngā marama e 6.
Te Whai Hua o te Taupānga: Te Wā e Tika ai, e Kāore ai hoki ngā Whakamutunga Pana-Whakauru
Kāore ngā pito pana-roto i te tino pai ake i ngā pito tīwiri. Tērā ētahi āhuatanga tono motuhake kāore e tika ana te hangarau pana-roto, ā, ko ngā pito tīwiri tonu te kōwhiringa tika.
He tika ngā pūrua pana-roto ina:
- Te hanga papa whakaputa me te nui o te rahinga me ngā whakaritenga waea rite tonu
- Ngā taiao he iti te wiri ki te taurite (ngā papa whakahaere ahumahi noa)
- Ngā tono kāore e hiahiatia ana te momotu/hononga anō i ngā waea o te papa
- Waea aho me ngā taura - ehara i te waea aho tahanga
Kāore e tika ana ngā pūrua pana-roto ina:
- Ngā taiao wiri nui (ngā mīhini pēhi, ngā mīhini wiri, ngā kerene, ngā taputapu pūkoro) — ka taea e te rawhi puna te whakangāwari i raro i te wiri tonu
- Ngā tono e hiahia ana kia maha ngā huringa waea mara, kia maha rānei ngā whakarerekētanga ara iahiko — me whai taputapu tuku te tango pana-roto, ā, ka tūpono te kino o te puna
- He nui rawa ngā waea (10AWG/6mm² me runga ake) — kāore e whai hua te kaha pana-ki roto mō ngā waea whakawhiti-wāhanga nunui
- Ngā kaimahi hanga papaaho, kāore he taputapu me te whakangungu
Whakapūmau Kounga: Te Manatoko i ngā Hononga Pana-Whakauru i muri i te Tāutanga
Kia honoa tō panera ki ngā pito pana-whakauru, he aha ngā tirotiro kounga me mahi e koe? I runga i te paerewa IEC 60947-7-1 me ā mātou ake tikanga kounga, ka tūtohu ahau i tētahi tukanga manatoko e toru ngā wāhanga e roa ana mō te 15-20 meneti pea mō tētahi panera 300-waea.
Tuatahi, tirohia ā-kanohi: tirohia mēnā kua whakaurua katoatia ngā waea ki roto i te pūrua (kaua e taea te kukume i te waea mā te ringaringa me te kore e whakahohe i te tuku). Manatokohia mēnā kua tika te kōpiko o ngā taura – kāore e taea e te taura kino te kōpiko te whakarato i te kounga whakapā e tumanakohia ana ahakoa te āhua kua whakaurua. Kua kite ahau i ngā taura i kōpikohia ki te rahi mate hē, ā, he iti noa te pānga ki ngā whenu, ka hangaia he hononga ātete-teitei kāore i kitea tae noa ki te wā i whakaatuhia ai e te whakaahua wera ngā wāhi wera i te wā whakamātautau kawenga.
Tuarua, whakamātautau kaha tōia i runga i te tauira: E hiahiatia ana e te IEC 60947-7-1 te iti rawa o ngā kaha tōia e rerekē ana i runga i te whakawhiti waea (ko te tikanga he 40-60N mō ngā waea 0.5-1.5mm²). Ka tūtohu mātou kia whakamātautauhia te tōia ki te 5-10% o ngā whakamutu i te wā o te tohu whakaputa tuatahi, me te 1-2% i te wā o te whakaputa tonu hei tirotiro kounga.
Tuatoru, te whakaahua wera i raro i te kawenga: koinei te whakamātautau tino tairongo mō te tautuhi i ngā hononga ātete-teitei i mua i te puta o ngā rahunga mara. Ka whakaatuhia e te hononga he ātete teitei te pikinga o te pāmahana e pā ana ki ngā hononga huri noa i raro i ngā āhuatanga kawenga. Ka whakamahia e mātou tēnei tikanga i roto i ā mātou whakamātautau whakaae wheketere kiritaki, ā, kua mau tonu i a ia ngā take hononga kāore i kitea mā te tirotiro tirohanga anake.
Te Whakamahere Wā Whakamutu: Te Whakaiti i te Pānga o te Whakaputa i te Wā Whakahou
Mena kua whakatau koe ki te whakahou i tētahi papa whakahaere o nāianei me ngā pūrua pana-mai, he mea nui te whakamahere wā whakatā. I runga i ō mātou wheako whakahou kaupapa, anei te anga whakamahere whakaputa e taunaki ana ahau ki ō mātou kiritaki.
Tuatahi, wehea te panera ki ngā rohe wehe hiko — he rōpū ara iahiko ka taea te tango i te hiko me te whakahou motuhake i te mea kei te mahi tonu te toenga o te panera. Mā tēnei huarahi rohe ka taea e koe te whakaiti i te wā whakatā katoa mā te whakahou i tētahi wāhanga i ia wā i roto i ngā matapihi tiaki kua whakaritea. I te nuinga o te wā ka kite mātou i te 2-4 hāora o te wā whakatā mō ia puranga waea 100 ina kua whakaritea tika te whakahou, ā, kua whakangungua ngā kaimahi waea i mua.
Tuarua, whakaritea ngā rauemi katoa i mua i te tango i te panera ki waho. Kaua te mahi whakahou e tatari mō ngā rauemi, ngā taputapu, ngā tuhinga rānei. Me whakarite me te manatoko i ngā mea katoa i mua i te tīmatanga o te whakaweto. E ai ki ō mātou wheako, ko te tino take o te nui haere o ngā mahi whakahou ko te korenga o te whakarite rauemi - he hē te tono o ngā poraka whakamutunga, kāore rānei i te wātea ngā ferrules i ngā rahi tika, kāore rānei i te manatokohia ngā roa waea i mua, ā, he poto rawa ētahi waea mō te āhua o te whakamutunga hou.
Tuatoru, me whai i tētahi tohunga hiko whai tohu i te wā katoa o te tukanga whakahou hei tirotiro i te haumaru me te whakahaere i ngā āhuatanga ohorere ka puta mai i te whakatuwheratanga o ngā ara iahiko tata. Kāore e taea te whiriwhiri i te haumaru hiko, ā, kaua rawa e whakararuraruhia mō ngā take o te wā.
Pūmautanga mō te Wā Roa: Raraunga Rahunga o te Ārai Pēhi-Whakauru me te Ārai Tīwiri
Ko tētahi pātai e pātai pinepinetia mai ana ki ahau e ngā miihini tiaki ko: he aha te whakataurite i te pono o te mara mo te wā roa i waenga i ngā pito pana-roto me ngā pito tīwiri? He pātai tika tēnei nā te mea kāore he pānga o ngā penapena mahi tuatahi mena ka nui ake ngā utu tiaki o ngā pito pana-roto puta noa i te roanga o te mahi a te panera.
I runga i ā mātou ake raraunga rahunga mara mai i ngā taunga J-Guang i whakatinanahia ki ngā whakaurunga panera puta noa i te 28 whenua, he mārama te tirohanga mō ngā tono taiao whakahaere: ko ngā reiti rahunga o te taunga pana-ki-roto i roto i ngā panera whakahaere papa-wheketere he tata ki te 0.3-0.5% ia tau i muri i te tau tuatahi o te ratonga, ki te whakaritea ki te 0.8-1.2% ia tau mō ngā taunga tīwiri i roto i ngā tono ōrite. Ko te reiti rahunga teitei ake i te tau tuatahi mō ngā taunga pana-ki-roto (tata ki te 0.8-1.0%) he tata katoa nā ngā hapa tāutanga - ngā waea i whakaurua hētia, ngā ferrule ngaro, me te rahi waea hē - e heke tere ana i te mea ka whiwhi te tīma tāutanga i te wheako ki te hua.
He rerekē, he pumau te auau rahunga o te pito tīwiri i ia tau, ā, ko te nuinga o te wā ko te wetewete i puta mai i te wiri (i roto i ngā taiao ahumahi) me te ngenge huringa wera (i roto i ngā tono o waho, i ngā tono wera rānei). Koinei ngā momo rahunga ā-roto o te tikanga tīwiri kāore e tino heke iho me te wheako o te kaiwhakahaere. I roto i ngā tono wiri nui pēnei i ngā perehi me ngā mata wiri, ka kite tonu mātou i ngā reiti rahunga o te pito tīwiri e 2-3 ngā wā teitei ake i ngā pito pana-ki roto i ngā tono kotahi - koia mātou e taunaki tonu ana i te pana-ki roto mō ēnei taiao, ahakoa te āwangawanga mō te ngenge o te puna, nā te mea he iti ake te auau rahunga whānui.