Te Keke Puna me ngā Poraka Whakamutunga Tīwiri — Te Ātete Wiri i roto i ngā Whakamahinga Rerewē

Ina utua e te Kaiwhakahaere Rerewē he €340,000 mō ngā Whakatikatika mō te Wiri Wetekina

I a au e mahi ana hei kaitohutohu mā tētahi kaiwhakahaere rerewē ā-rohe i Ūropi Waenganui, ka pā mai he maha o ngā pakaru o te kaitahuri hiko i runga i tā rātou waka DMU ā-rohe. E toru wiki te roa o te tātaritanga pūtake, ā, e ono ngā waeine kaitahuri i tangohia. He mea whakamāmā, he mea matapae hoki te kitenga: kua ngāwari haere ngā poraka tīwiri e hono ana i ngā pae pahi DC i raro i te wiri tonu o ngā taputapu o raro i te papa. Nā te mea i whakahaerehia te tereina i runga i ngā ara he nui ngā hapa o te ara, i heke te auau wiri matua ki te awhe 20–40 Hz, ko te wāhi tēnei e tere haere ai te heke o te kaha o te piri o te pito tīwiri — ā, i roto i ngā marama 18 o te ratonga, kua heke te kaha piri o ētahi pito neke atu i te 60%..

He mea ako te rerenga rahunga: te pūrua wetekina → te ātete pa atu kua piki ake → te whakamahana ā-rohe → te rere wera i te mata pa → te pakaru o te whakakikorua hiriwa → te āwhata → te whakangaromanga o te waeine kaitahuri. Te pakaru katoa: €340,000 i roto i ngā waeine whakakapinga me te ono wiki o te whakararuraru ratonga. Ko te whakatikatika ārai - te whakakapi i ngā poraka pūrua tīwiri 340 katoa mō ia kaitahuri me ngā mea rite ki te whare kōhatu puna - he €17,000 te utu mō ia waeine. I muri mai ka kōrero mai te tumuaki tiaki o te kaiwhakahaere me whai poraka whare kōhatu puna kua tohua mai i te hokonga taketake, ā, he tika tana.

Ehara tēnei i te wheako motuhake. I roto i te umanga rerewē o te ao, kua whakatauhia pai te tautohetohe i waenga i te whare puna me ngā poraka pito tīwiri mō ngā tono tairongo-wiri hei tautoko i te whare puna mō ngā hanganga waka hurihuri hou katoa. Kua aro atu ngā rōpū paerewa IEC me EN, ā, ko te whakahoutanga o nāianei o te EN 50155 e whakaatu ana i te whakaae whānui ko te hangarau whare puna te whiringa taunoa mō ngā hononga hiko waka hurihuri. Engari ko te mārama ki te pūtake hangarau mō tēnei whakaae - me te mōhio me pēhea te manatoko kei te tutuki pono ngā poraka pito whare puna a te kaiwhakarato i ngā paerewa - he mea nui mō tetahi miihini hoko, kaiwhakahaere tiaki rānei e mahi ana me ngā pūnaha hiko rerewē.

Te Wetewete EN 50155:2021 — Ngā Mea e Hiahiatia ana e te Paerewa

Ko te paerewa EN 50155:2021 a te Tari Rerewē o Ūropi ("Ngā Tono Rerewē — Ngā Taonga Hurihuri — Ngā Taputapu Hiko") te whakaritenga whakahaere mō ngā taputapu hiko katoa kua tāutahia ki ngā waka rerewē i te EU me te nuinga o ngā mākete kaweake e tohutoro ana ki ngā paerewa rerewē o Ūropi. Ko te mārama ki tēnei paerewa he mea nui hei tohu i tētahi poraka taunga mō ngā tono rerewē.

Wāhanga 9.3: Te Whakamātautau Wiri me te Ru

E whakamārama ana te Wāhanga 9.3 o EN 50155:2021 i ngā whakaritenga whakamātautau wiri e tika ana kia paahitia e ngā taputapu hiko katoa — tae atu ki ngā poraka taunga — kia whakamanahia ai mō te tāutanga waka hurihuri. E tohu ana te paerewa i te IEC 60068-2-6 ("Whakamātautau Taiao — Wāhanga 2-6: Ngā Whakamātautau — Whakamātautau Fc: Wiri (Sinusoidal)") hei tikanga whakamātautau matua, engari e tāpirihia ana ngā whakaritenga motuhake ki te rerewē e tino hiahiatia ana i ngā paerewa ahumahi whānui.

Ka whakarōpūtia ngā tawhā whakamātautau e ai ki te wāhi tāutanga ki te waka, ko te Kāwai 1 e tohu ana i te taiao tino kino (ngā taputapu e mau ana ki te tinana o te waka, e whakaatuhia ana ki te whānuitanga wiri katoa mai i te taunekeneke bogie me te ara) me te Kāwai 3 e tohu ana i te taiao tino pai (ngā taputapu e mau ana ki runga i ngā anga iti kua wehea mai i te wiri).

Kāwai	Tauwāhi Tāutanga	Awhe Auautanga	Te nekehanga	Whakaterenga	Roanga
Kāwai 1	Teihana-tinana (raro i te papa, whakatārewatanga)	5–150 Hz	0.5 mm te matotoru	10 m/s² (≈1g)	10 ngā whiti/tuaka
Kāwai 2	Te whakairi ki te anga (chassis, cabinets)	5–150 Hz	0.35 mm ia whārangi	7 m/s² (≈0.7g)	10 ngā whiti/tuaka
Kāwai 3	Ngā whakapiringa wehe-wiri	5–150 Hz	0.15 mm ia whārangi	3 m/s² (≈0.3g)	10 ngā whiti/tuaka

Nā te mea e hiahiatia ana e te EN 50155 te whakamātautau i roto i ngā tuaka poutū e toru (poutū, taha, me te roa), ko te tikanga o te whakamātautau wiri katoa mō te poraka pito ko te 30 huringa katoa. Ka whakamatautauria takitahi ia tuaka, ā, kaua te poraka pito e whakaatu i tetahi kino ā-tinana, i tetahi huringa ātete pa e neke atu ana i te rohe kua tohua, i tetahi hekenga mahi rānei i tetahi wā i te wā, i muri rānei i te raupapa whakamātautau.

Ngā Whakaritenga Ine Ātete Whakapā

Ko tētahi o ngā āhuatanga tino nui o te whakamātautau wiri EN 50155 — ā, he mea e warewarehia ana e te nuinga o ngā whakaritenga hoko — ko te whakaritenga kia aroturukihia te ātete pa i te wā o te whakamātautau wiri, me muri hoki. E ai ki te IEC 60068-2-6, me ine te ātete pa i ngā wāhi e whā: i mua i te whakamātautau, i waenganui o te whakamātautau, i te mutunga o te whakamātautau, me te 30 meneti i muri i te whakamātautau (kia taea ai te pumau o te wera).

Ko te paearu mō te ātete pa ka whakawhirinaki ki te momo poraka taunga me te tono, engari i roto i ngā tono rerewē, ko te whakaaro whānui a te umanga ko te pikinga o te ātete pa i muri i te wiri neke atu i te 20% mai i te tūāpapa i mua i te whakamātautau he rahunga. Nā te mea ka mau tonu te pēhanga whakapā o ngā pito o te whare kōhatu puna mā te kaha puna, kaua mā te waku i waenga i te tīwiri me te ara iahiko, he ātete nui ki te waikura e whakaiti ana i te ātete whakapā o ngā pito tīwiri i raro i te wiri..

Ngā Whakaritenga Taiao Tāpiri i roto i te EN 50155

Haunga te wiri, e hiahiatia ana e te EN 50155:2021 kia paahitia e ngā poraka pito he huinga whakamātautau taiao whānui e taunekeneke ana ki te whakaritenga wiri i roto i ngā huarahi nui. He mea tino nui te whakamātautau haumākū (IEC 60068-2-78, 93% RH i te 40°C mō ngā rā e 4) nā te mea ka taea e te urunga mai o te makuku te whakatere i te waikura o ngā pito tīwiri. Ka taea e ngā whakamātautau huringa wera (te nuinga o te wā -25°C ki te +70°C, 5 huringa) te whakaatu i ngā take whānui rerekē i roto i te whare pito me te tikanga whakapā.

Mō ngā poraka taunga i hangaia mō ngā taputapu o waho i runga i ngā waka tereina (ngā matapihi, ngā mana whakahaere tatau, ngā pūoko parai), he mea whakahau hoki te whakamātautau kohu tote (IEC 60068-2-52, taumata kaha 2) ā, ka taea te whakaatu i ngā take waikura i roto i te pūnaha puna e kore e kitea i roto i ngā whakamātautau wiri taiwhanga whakahaere anake.

Te Ahupūngao Ā-Mīhini mō te He aha i Rahua ai ngā Pūrua Tīwiri i raro i te Wiri

Hei mārama he aha i noho ai ngā poraka pito o te whare herehere puna hei whiringa taunoa mō ngā tono rerewē, me tirotiro tātou i te rerekētanga ā-pūkaha taketake i waenga i ngā hangarau hononga e rua. Ehara i te mea ngaro te aratau rahunga o ngā pito tīwiri i raro i te wiri — he tukanga ā-tinana ka taea te matapae, ka taea te whakaputa anō kua tino whakaahuatia i roto i ngā tuhinga, ā, kua whakaūtia e ngā wheako o te mara.

Te Tikanga Waikura o te Werowero

Ina whakakīia te pito tīwiri, ka hangaia he kaha piri i waenganui i te pane tīwiri (te pereti pēhanga rānei) me te ara iahiko. Ka mau tonu tēnei kaha mā te waku i ngā atanga whakapā. I raro i te wiri, ka puta ngā nekehanga moroiti o te 1–10 maikiromita i ēnei atanga, ahakoa te āhua kāore anō kia rerekē te kaha piri nui. Nā te mea kei raro i te pēhanga nui o ngā mata pa, ka puta te mānukanuka i ēnei nekehanga moroiti — he tukanga kakahu e tango ana i ngā rauemi mai i ngā mata e rua, ā, ka puta he matūriki waikura ārai i te atanga..

I te haere tonu o te wiri, ka heke te horahanga whakapā tūturu, ka piki ake te kiato o te iahiko i ngā wāhi whakapā e toe ana. Mā tēnei whakamahana ā-rohe ka tere ake te tukanga waikura, ka hangaia he porowhita urupare pai e hua ake ai te pikinga tere o te ātete whakapā. I roto i tētahi whare ahumahi e tiakina pai ana me ngā wā tirotiro auau, ka kitea e te tohunga hangarau te ātete whakapā e piki haere ana i roto i ngā rangahau whakaahua wera ā-wā, ā, ka hurihia anō ngā teihana i mua i te pakaru kino. I roto i tētahi tono rerewē me ngā mano tini o ngā teihana puta noa i tētahi kahui, he mea tino kore e taea tēnei momo aroturuki takitahi.

Te Huarahi Rerekē mō te Whare Pupuri Puna

Ka whakakapia te pūnaha here tīwiri e ngā poraka pito o te whare herehere puna ki tētahi hononga pūmau. Ina whakauruhia he ara iahiko ki roto i tētahi pito whare herehere puna, ka mau tonu te kaha pūmau o te kaha puna ki runga i te ara iahiko, ka hangaia he atanga hononga kore hau. Ko te rerekētanga matua mai i ngā pito tīwiri ko te urutau tonu o te pūnaha puna ki te huringa wera me te nekehanga moroiti mā te whakamahi i tētahi kaha whakaora e ōrite ana ki te nekehanga - ehara i te kaha waku pumau.

Ina pāngia te pito o te whare kōhatu puna e te wiri, ka mimiti te puna i te nekehanga whanaunga i te atanga whakapā, ka mau tonu te pēhanga whakapā ōrite puta noa i te huihuinga wiri. Ka tīpakohia te rauemi puna (he maitai kore waikura kua whakapakeketia, he koranu nikara-tītāniuma rānei mō ngā tono pāmahana teitei) kia ātete ki te ngenge, ā, ka hangaia te āhua o te puna kia mau tonu te kaha whakapā i roto i ngā whakatakotoranga mō te iti rawa 100,000 huringa wiri - he nui atu i tā te raupapa whakamātautau EN 50155 e hiahiatia ana.

"Ko te painga matua o te hangarau whare kōhatu puna i roto i ngā tono rerewē ehara i te ine mahi kotahi - engari ko te whakakore i te aratau rahunga. Ina rahunga te pūrua tīwiri, ka rahunga haere tonu, ka kore e taea te matapae. Ina rahunga te pūrua whare kōhatu puna, ka rahunga tonu, ka kitea. He nui ake te morearea o ngā aratau rahunga haere tonu i roto i ngā tono rerewē haumaru-tino nui i ngā mea ohorere."

Te Pahikara Wera: Te Hoa Wahangu o te Kino Wiri

I roto i ngā mahi rerewē, kāore i te maha ngā wā ka mahi takitahi te wiri. He tino hihiri te taiao wera o te waka rerewē: ko te pāmahana o te taiao mai i te -40°C i ngā mahi hotoke ki te +70°C i te rā tika i runga i ngā taputapu kei runga i te tuanui, ā, ka taea e ngā pikinga wera puta noa i te kotahi wāhi taputapu te neke atu i te 30°C. Ko te tikanga o tēnei ka pāngia ia poraka taunga o te waka rerewē e te huringa wera me te wiri ā-ringa i te wā kotahi - he āhua ahotea whakakotahi e tere ake ai te waikura fretting me te ngenge o te puna.

He tino kaha te taunekeneke i waenga i te huringa wera me te wiri mō ngā pito tīwiri. Ina wera te poraka pito i te rere o te iahiko, kātahi ka whakamatao i te hau pō, ka hangaia e te rerekētanga whānui wera i waenga i te tinana pito parahi (tauwehenga whānui wera: 19 × 10⁻⁶/°C) me te tīwiri maitai (11–13 × 10⁻⁶/°C) ētahi atu nekehanga moroiti i te atanga piri. Nā te mea he pupū ake, he kore e taea te hoki whakamuri ēnei pānga huringa wera, ka tino iti ake te kaha o te kume o te pūrua tīwiri kua mahi mō ngā tau e 5 i roto i te taiao rerewē huringa wera ki te whakataurite ki te pūrua kotahi i te wā tāutanga — ahakoa kua hurihia te taipana..

Kāore ngā pito o te whare kōhao puna e ārai i ngā pānga huringa wera, engari kua hangaia te tikanga puna hei whakauru i te whānui wera me te kore e whakawhiti i te ahotea ki te atanga whakapā. Ko te tikanga ka wehea te puna mai i te tinana pito matua e te ārai uku, polymer rānei, e whakaiti ana i te hononga wera, ā, ka taea e te puna te pupuri i tōna kaha i hangaia i roto i te awhe pāmahana mai i te -40°C ki te +120°C.

Me pēhea te arotake i te Tiwhikete Rerewē a te Kaiwhakarato Poraka Taunga

I muri i taku arotake i ngā rau rau o ngā pepa raraunga poraka taunga me ngā pūrongo whakamātautau mō ngā kiritaki rerewē, kua whakawhanakehia e au tētahi huarahi pūnaha mō te arotake a ngā kaiwhakarato e taunaki ana ahau ki ngā miihini hoko katoa. Ko te hapa tino kitea e au ko te whakaae ki te whakapuakitanga a te kaiwhakarato mō te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga hei taunakitanga mō te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga. I roto i tētahi mekameka tuku rerewē tūturu, ehara i te mea whiriwhiri te manatoko a te hunga tuatoru.

Hipanga 1: Manatokohia te Whakamanatanga a te Taiwhanga Whakamātautau

Me tuku te pūrongo whakamātautau e tētahi taiwhanga kua whakamanahia ki te ISO/IEC 17025 mō te paerewa whakamātautau motuhake e tohua ana. Ko ngā taiwhanga matua kua whakamanahia mō te whakamātautau rerewē ko SGS (Geneva), Bureau Veritas (Paris), TÜV Rheinland (Cologne), me Ricardo Rail (UK). Kāore te pūrongo whakamātautau ā-roto a te kaiwhakarato e whakaaetia hei taunakitanga mō te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga o te EN 50155 — tera pea e whakaatu kua whakamatauria e te kaiwhakarato te hua, engari kāore e taea te whakaatu i whakahaerehia te whakamātautau ki te paerewa e hiahiatia ana, i whakamāramatia tika rānei.

Hipanga 2: Tirohia te Tautuhinga Tauira Whakamātautau

Me whakauru ki te pūrongo whakamātautau he tautuhi mārama o te tauira whakamātautau — te tau wāhanga tika, te tau puranga, me te waehere rā hanga o te poraka pito i whakamatautauria. Kāore e ranea he pūrongo whakamātautau e tohu ana i ngā "tauira māngai" me te kore he tautuhi motuhake. Me ahu mai te tauira i te tukanga hanga me ngā rauemi kotahi me te hua e hokona ana. Mena kāore e taea e te kaiwhakarato te whakarato i tētahi pūrongo whakamātautau mō te tau wāhanga tika e whakahuatia ana, he tohu whero tēnei e hiahia ana kia rangahauhia anō.

Hipanga 3: Whakaū i ngā Tawhā Whakamātautau i Whakamahia

Arotakehia te ripanga tawhā whakamātautau o te pūrongo whakamātautau. Mō te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga EN 50155, me tohu ngā tawhā e whai ake nei: te whānuitanga auau (te nuinga o te wā 5–150 Hz mō te Kāwai 1), te kaha nekehanga (0.5 mm pp mō te Kāwai 1), te kaha whakatere (10 m/s² mō te Kāwai 1), te maha o ngā tuaka i whakamatautauria (e toru: poutū, taha, roa), te maha o ngā huringa whiti mō ia tuaka (10), me ngā paearu whakaae mō te huringa ātete pa (te nuinga o te wā

Ko tētahi rerekētanga noa i kitea e au i roto i ngā pūrongo whakamātautau a te kaiwhakarato ko te whakamātautau i mahia i ngā tawhā Kāwai 2 i te wā e kī ana te pepa raraunga he tutuki ngā whakaritenga o te Kāwai 1. He kōrero hē nui tēnei. Mena e hiahia ana tō tono ki te mahi Kāwai 1, me manatoko koe i mahia te whakamātautau i ngā tawhā Kāwai 1 — kaua ko te pūrongo whakamātautau a te kaiwhakarato kua tapaina ko "EN 50155."

Hipanga 4: Whakamanahia ngā Raraunga Ātete Whakapā

Pātaihia ngā inenga ātete whakapā tuturu mai i te whakamātautau wiri — kaua ko te kīanga noa iho i paahitia e te pūwhakamātautau te whakamātautau. Me whakauru ki te pūrongo ngā inenga o mua i te whakamātautau, waenga whakamātautau, whakamātautau mutunga, me muri i te whakapūmautanga mō ia tuaka i whakamatautauria. Rapua ngā au: mēnā kei te piki haere te ātete whakapā i roto i ngā huringa whakamātautau i runga i tētahi tuaka, he tohu tēnei kei te puta ake he raruraru waikura fretting ka puta hei rahunga mara i roto i te 2–3 tau o te ratonga.

Mō ngā poraka pito o te whare kōhatu puna, me iti te rerekētanga o te ātete pa — he iti iho i te 0.5 mΩ te huringa mai i te turanga ki muri i te pumau, ā, kāore he pikinga haere i te wā whakamātautau. I J-Guang, e whakaatu ana tā mātou raupapa poraka pito waea pana-roto PCT-211 DIN reel i te pumau ātete pa i roto i te 0.2 mΩ puta noa i ngā tuaka whakamātautau EN 50155 e toru, koinei te paearu e whakamahia ana e au ina aromatawaihia ana tetahi poraka pito mō ngā tono rerewē.

Hipanga 5: Manatokohia te Kaha o te Tukanga Hanga

Mō te hoko rahinga (neke atu i te 10,000 poraka pito mō ia ota), ka tūtohu ahau kia tonoa he pūrongo Pūkenga Tukanga Hanga hei wāhanga o te tohu a te kaiwhakarato. Ko te kaha puna o te poraka pito whare puna he āhuatanga kounga nui e tika ana kia whakahaeretia i roto i ngā manawanuitanga pakupaku. Pātai atu ki te kaiwhakarato mō ā rātou raraunga ine kaha puna mai i te raina whakaputa — me noho te kaha puna toharite i roto i te ±15% o te uara ingoa, me te Cpk (taupū kaha tukanga) o te iti rawa 1.33 mō ngā tono haumaru nui.

Paearu Kōwhiringa Motuhake mō te Tono Rerewe i tua atu i te Wiri

Ko te ātete wiri te mea matua e wehewehe ana i waenga i ngā poraka kēnge puna me ngā poraka pito tīwiri, engari he maha atu ngā paearu kōwhiringa e whakauruhia ana e ngā tono rerewē hei awe i te kōwhiringa tino pai mō tētahi tāutanga motuhake.

Te Parenga Ahi me te Paitini Auahi

EN 45545-2 ("Ngā Whakamahinga Rerewē — Te Tiaki Ahi i runga i ngā Waka Rerewē — Wāhanga 2: Ngā Whakaritenga me te Whanoke o ngā Rauemi") e whakarōpū ana i ngā taputapu hiko e ai ki tōna mahi ahi. Me tutuki i ngā poraka taunga e whakamahia ana i ngā wāhi e wātea ana ki ngā pāhihi (ngā kāpata o roto, te tēpu taraiwa) ngā whakaritenga tiaki ahi tino uaua — ko te HL2, ko te HL3 rānei te tikanga, i runga i te momo waka me te huarahi whakahaere.

Ko te nuinga o ngā poraka pito o te whare pupuri puna arumoni e whakamahi ana i ngā rauemi whare polyamide (PA) polycarbonate (PC) rānei, e tutuki ana i te ātete mura UL94 V-0. Heoi, kāore ēnei rauemi katoa e tutuki i ngā whakaritenga paitini paowa o EN 45545-2, e hiahia ana kia whakamatautauria i raro i te ISO 5659-2 (kiato paowa) me te EN ISO 5659-3 (tukunga hau paitini). Mō ngā tono rerewē o roto, tohua ngā poraka pito me ngā rauemi whare kua whakamanahia ki te EN 45545-2 HL2, teitei ake rānei, ā, manatokohia te tiwhikete me te pūrongo whakamātautau tuturu kaua ki te kereme pepa raraunga.

Te Whakatauranga Ngaohiko me te Tawhiti Ngongo

He whānuitia ngā momo ngaohiko e whakahaerehia ana e ngā pūnaha hiko rerewē, mai i ngā ara iahiko whakahaere 24 VDC ki ngā pae hiko kume 3,000 VDC. Me whai tawhiti ngoki rawaka ngā poraka whakamutunga mō ēnei taumata ngaohiko rerekē (te ara poto rawa i waenga i ngā wāhanga kawe hiko e rua i te mata o tētahi rauemi ārai) hei ārai i ngā rahunga aroturuki. E ai ki te IEC 60664-1, ko te tawhiti ngoki iti rawa mō tētahi ara iahiko 24 VDC i roto i tētahi taiao Pollution Degree 2 he 0.8 mm, ko te tawhiti ngoki iti rawa mō tētahi ara iahiko 3,000 VDC ia, ko te tawhiti ngoki iti rawa he 18 mm.

He maha ngā poraka whakamutunga o te whare kōanga i hangaia mō ngā tono aunoatanga ahumahi kua whakatauria mō ngā ngaohiko tae atu ki te 800 V, he rawaka tēnei mō te nuinga o ngā pūnaha hiko āwhina kukume engari kāore i te rawaka mō ngā hononga pae pahi kukume tika. Nā te mea he pānga o te ngaohiko me te taumata parahanga te tawhiti ngoki, me tohu e koe ngā āhuatanga taiao e tumanakohia ana (i roto, i waho, te pānga ki te puehu kawe hiko, te makuku rānei) me te ngaohiko pūnaha i te wā e whiriwhiri ana i ngā poraka whakamutunga..

Te Hototahi o te Rahi Waea me te Tikanga Whakamutu

He whānuitia ngā rahi waea e whakamahia ana e ngā waka tereina, mai i ngā taura pūoko 0.5 mm² ki te taura hiko 240 mm². Mā te tūāpapa poraka taunga e kapi ana i te whānuitanga katoa o ngā rahi waea i roto i tō tono ka māmā ake te whakahaere taonga, ā, ka whakaitihia te tūponotanga o ngā hapa waea i te wā tāutanga me te tiaki. Nā J-Guang Poraka whakamutunga pana-roto reriwe DIN PCT-211 Ka whakaaetia ngā rahi waea mai i te 0.5 mm² ki te 16 mm² i roto i te rahi whare kotahi, e kapi ana i te 85% o ngā rahi waea e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā kāpata hiko rerewē noa.

Te Rārangi Arowhai Hoko: Ngā Mea e Hiahiatia ana e Ngā Kaihoko Rerewē Katoa

I mua i te tukunga o tētahi ota hoko mō ngā poraka taunga mō ngā tono rerewē, me manatoko me te tuhi i ngā tūemi e whai ake nei. E pā ana tēnei rārangi arowhai ki ngā momo taunga kōpuku me ngā momo taunga tīwiri, ahakoa he rerekē rawa ngā tumanakohanga mahi i waenga i ngā hangarau e rua.

1. Pūrongo whakamātautau EN 50155 a te hunga tuatoru: I whakaputaina e tētahi taiwhanga whaimana ISO/IEC 17025, e kapi ana i te tau wāhanga motuhake me te whakahounga e hokona ana, me ngā raraunga ātete whakapā katoa mō ngā tuaka whakamātautau e toru.
2. EN 45545-2 Tiwhikete ahi: Mō ngā whakamahinga o roto, me whai tiwhikete HL2, HL3 rānei te rauemi whare mai i tētahi taiwhanga whaimana. Manatokohia te tau tiwhikete ki te tau wāhanga tuturu — kāore e whakaaetia ngā tiwhikete rauemi whānui mō te tiwhikete hua whakamutunga.
3. Te whakatauranga o te ngaohiko me te au: Me ōrite, me neke atu rānei te ngaohiko whakatauranga i te ngaohiko pūnaha mōrahi, me te tawhē haumaru 20%. Me ōrite, me neke atu rānei te iahiko whakatauranga i te iahiko tonu mōrahi i roto i te tono, me te whakaaro ki te whakahekenga e hiahiatia ana i ngā pāmahana taiao teitei.
4. Hototahitanga rahi waea: Me manatoko kei te whakaaetia e te poraka taura te whānuitanga katoa o ngā rahi waea kua tohua i roto i te hoahoa o tō taura, tae atu ki ngā ara iahiko miro-pai (Akomanga 5 me te Akomanga 6) e hiahia ana ki ngā tikanga whakamutu motuhake hei whakarite i ngā hononga ā-hau.
5. Ngā raraunga whakaputa kaha o te puna: Mō ngā poraka pito o te whare kōpuku puna, tonoa ngā raraunga Cpk mai i ngā tuhinga whakahaere tukanga whakaputa a te kaiwhakarato. Ko te Cpk
6. Ngā raraunga ātete wera: Me whakatau te poraka pito mō te pāmahana ātea mōrahi i roto i te taiao tono, me te pikinga pāmahana mai i te rere o te iahiko. Mō ngā taputapu o raro i te papa me ngā pāmahana ātea tae atu ki te 70°C, tohua ngā poraka pito kua whakatauria mō te iti rawa 100°C.
7. Hototahi ki ngā taputapu: Me manatoko kei te wātea mai ngā taputapu e hiahiatia ana — ngā pae pekepeke, ngā rīpene tohu, ngā whīra pito, ngā putanga whakamātautau — mai i te kaiwhakarato kotahi, ā, kua whakamanahia he hototahi ki te tūāpapa poraka taunga e tohua ana. Mā te whakaranu i ngā taputapu mai i ngā kaihanga rerekē ka whakakorea te tiwhikete.

He aha te take me waiho ai a Spring Cage hei Kōwhiringa Taunoa māu mō ngā Poraka Taunga Rerewe

Whai muri i te tekau mā rima tau o te tautuhi i ngā poraka taunga mō ngā tono rerewē — me te arotake i ngā maha o ngā hapa mara puta noa i ngā kaiwhakahaere me ngā momo waka — he mārama taku taunakitanga: ko ngā poraka taunga kēti puna te whiringa taunoa mō ngā tāutanga hiko rerewē hou katoa, me te whakaaro ki ngā taunga tīwiri i ngā wā motuhake anake ina kore e pai te kēti puna mō ngā here motuhake.

He mea whakamīharo te tautohe mō te whai huatanga i a ia anō. Ina tatauhia e au te utu katoa o te mana whakahaere mō tētahi kāpata hiko rerewē noa me te 500 hononga taunga i roto i te huringa ora o te waka 15-tau, ko te rerekētanga utu tiaki i waenga i te whare kōhatu puna me ngā taunga tīwiri anake — e whakaarohia ana ngā tirotiro taipana ia hauwhā, ngā rangahau whakaahua wera, me te utu mahi mō te hurihanga — he nui ake i te utu hoko tuatahi. Tāpirihia te utu mōrearea o te rahunga o te kaitahuri i puta mai i te whare kōhatu kore, ā, ka nui rawa te take mō te whare kōhatu puna.

Engari i tua atu i te take pūtea, kei reira tētahi take haumaru e kitea ana e au he mea tino whakamīharo. Ka whakahaerehia ngā waka tereina i roto i ngā taiao ka pā kino ngā pakaru hiko - ehara i te mea mō ngā taputapu anake, engari mō ngā pāhihi me ngā kaimahi. Ka taea te whakahaere i tētahi aratau pakaru haere tonu pērā i te whakangāwari o te pito tīwiri, e whakaatu ana i ngā tohu whakatūpato ka taea te kite mā te tirotiro auau, i roto i tētahi kahui waka e tiakina pai ana. Engari ki te ngaro ngā wā tirotiro, ki te kore rānei te tikanga tirotiro e whakauru i te whakaahua wera o ngā hononga au-teitei, ka ngaro ngā tohu whakatūpato kia puta rā anō te pakaru. Nā te mea ka kitea wawetia te pakaru o ngā pito o te whare kōhatu puna i raro i ngā āhuatanga ka pakaru haere, ka pakaru kore e taea te matapae, he haumaru ake te aratau pakaru o te whare kōhatu puna i roto i ngā tono rerewē..

Kua whakatinanahia ngā poraka tauranga reriwe DIN DIN raupapa PCT-211 a J-Guang ki roto i ngā kaupapa waka rerewē neke atu i te 30 puta noa i te ao, me te ratonga mara kua kohia neke atu i te 8 miriona hāora whakahaere. Ko ā mātou raraunga whakamātautau EN 50155, e wātea ana ki ngā miihini hoko katoa ina tonoa, e whakaatu ana i te pumau ātete whakapā rite tonu puta noa i ngā tuaka whakamātautau e toru i ngā tawhā wiri Kāwai 1. Mena kei te tohua e koe ngā poraka tauranga mō tētahi kaupapa rerewē hou, kei te aromatawai rānei i tētahi whakapai ake ki tētahi kahui o nāianei, e mihi ana ahau ki te whai wāhi ki te matapaki i ō hiahia motuhake.