Ibyuma bya Spring Cage vs Screw Terminal Blocks — Ubudahangarwa bwo Kunyeganyega mu Mirimo ya Gari ya Moshi

Iyo screw idafite ingufu yatwaye umukoresha wa gari ya moshi 340.000€ mu gusana

Nari ndimo ngisha inama ikigo cy’ubucuruzi bwa gari ya moshi mu karere ko mu Burayi bwo hagati ubwo cyahuraga n’ibibazo byinshi byo gusohora ibyuma bihindura amashanyarazi mu bwato bwa DMU mu karere. Isesengura ry’impamvu nyamukuru ryafashe ibyumweru bitatu kandi ryasabaga gukuraho module esheshatu zihindura amashanyarazi. Ibyavumbuwe byari bitangaje kandi byari byitezwe neza: ibyuma bihuza ibyuma bihindura amashanyarazi bya DC byari byaragabanutse buhoro buhoro bitewe n’uko ibikoresho byo munsi y’ubutaka byakomezaga kunyeganyega. Kubera ko gari ya moshi yakoreraga mu nzira zari zifite amakosa akomeye mu nzira, umuvuduko w’ingufu za vibration wagabanutse neza cyane mu rugero rwa 20–40 Hz aho imbaraga zo gufunga terminal zigabanuka vuba cyane - kandi mu mezi 18 y’akazi, imbaraga zo gufunga terminal nyinshi zari zaragabanutseho ibirenga 60%..

Inzira yo gucika intege yari iy'inyigisho: terminal irekuye → kwiyongera k'ubudahangarwa → ubushyuhe bwo mu gace runaka → ubushyuhe bunyura hejuru y'aho buhurira → kwangirika kwa silver plating → arcing → converter module. Ibyangiritse byose: €340.000 mu ma modules asimbuye hamwe n'ibyumweru bitandatu byo kwangirika kwa serivisi. Gukemura ikibazo - gusimbuza screw terminal blocks 340 zose kuri buri converter n'ibihwanye na spring cage - byatwaye €17.000 kuri buri unit. Umuyobozi ushinzwe ibikorwa by'isuku yambwiye nyuma ko bagombaga kuba baravuze spring cage blocks mu isoko rya mbere, kandi yari afite ukuri.

Ubu bunararibonye si umwihariko. Mu nganda za gari ya moshi ku isi, impaka hagati y’aho amazi anyura mu mpeshyi n’aho amazi anyura mu mpeshyi ku buryo bworoshye bwo guhindagurika zakemuwe neza, bityo hagakoreshwa aho amazi anyura mu mpeshyi ku buryo bushya bwo kubaka ibyuma bishya. Inzego zishinzwe amahame ya IEC na EN zabyitayeho, kandi ivugururwa rya EN 50155 rigaragaza ko ikoranabuhanga rya heji ari ryo rikoreshwa mu guhuza amashanyarazi. Ariko gusobanukirwa ishingiro ry’ubu bwumvikane - no kumenya uburyo bwo kwemeza ko ibyuma binyura mu mpeshyi by’umutanga serivisi byujuje ibisabwa - ni ingenzi ku muntu wese ushinzwe amasoko cyangwa ushinzwe kubungabunga amashanyarazi ukora muri sisitemu z’amashanyarazi za gari ya moshi.

Gusobanura EN 50155:2021 — Icyo Ihame Risaba Mu by'ukuri

Ibipimo ngenderwaho bya EN 50155:2021 by’Ikigo cy’Uburayi cya Gari ya Moshi (“Gari ya Moshi—Ibintu bitwara imizigo—Ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga”) ni byo bigenga ibikoresho byose by’amashanyarazi bishyirwa ku modoka za gari ya moshi mu Muryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi no mu masoko menshi yo mu mahanga agendera ku mahame ngenderwaho ya gari ya moshi yo mu Burayi. Gusobanukirwa aya mahame ni ngombwa kugira ngo hamenyekane ikigo icyo ari cyo cyose cya gari ya moshi.

Igice cya 9.3: Isuzuma ry'ihindagurika ry'ingufu n'ihungabana

EN 50155:2021 Ingingo ya 9.3 isobanura ibisabwa mu isuzuma ry’imitingito ibikoresho byose by’ikoranabuhanga — harimo n’ibice bya terminal — bigomba kwemezwa kugira ngo byemezwe ko bigomba gushyirwamo ibikoresho bizunguruka. Ihame rya IEC 60068-2-6 ("Isuzuma ry’ibidukikije — Igice cya 2-6: Ibizamini — Isuzuma Fc: Guhinda (Sinusoidal)") nk'uburyo bw'ibanze bwo gupima, ariko yongeraho ibisabwa byihariye kuri gari ya moshi biremereye cyane kurusha amahame rusange y’inganda.

Ibipimo by'igerageza bishyirwa mu byiciro hakurikijwe aho imodoka ishyirwa, aho Icyiciro cya 1 kigaragaza ibidukikije bikaze cyane (ibikoresho bishyizwe ku mubiri w'imodoka, bigaragarira ku buryo bwose bwo guhindagura buturuka ku mihindagurikire ya bogie n'inzira) naho Icyiciro cya 3 kigaragaza ibidukikije byiza cyane (ibikoresho bishyirwa ku duce duto tw’imihindagurikire).

Icyiciro	Aho byashyizwe	Ingano y'Inshuro	Kwimuka	Kwihutisha	Igihe
Icyiciro cya 1	Ifite umubiri (ifite munsi y'ubutaka, ifite icyuma gihagarika)	5–150 Hz	0.5 mm pp	10 m/s² (≈1g)	Gukubita inshuro 10/umurongo
Icyiciro cya 2	Ifite fremu (chassis, akabati)	5–150 Hz	0.35 mm pp	7 m/s² (≈0.7g)	Gukubita inshuro 10/umurongo
Icyiciro cya 3	Ibikoresho byometseho ibintu bivangwa n'imitingito	5–150 Hz	0.15 mm pp	3 m/s² (≈0.3g)	Gukubita inshuro 10/umurongo

Kubera ko EN 50155 isaba igeragezwa mu migozi itatu igororotse (ihagaze, iy'uruhande, n'iy'uburebure), ikizamini cyuzuye cyo guhindagura icyuma gipima uburebure gisobanura imikorere 30 yose hamwe. Buri murongo upimirwa ku giti cyawe, kandi icyuma gipima uburebure ntikigomba kugaragaza ibyangiritse ku mubiri, impinduka ku buryo bwo guhangana n'umuvuduko urenze urugero rwagenwe, cyangwa kwangirika k'imikorere igihe icyo ari cyo cyose mu gihe cyangwa nyuma y'ikizamini.

Ibisabwa ku gupima ubushobozi bwo guhangana n'aho umuntu ahuriye n'aho ...

Kimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi mu igeragezwa rya EN 50155 rikoreshwa mu gupima guhindagurika kw'ikirere — kandi kimwe mu bipimo byinshi byo gutanga amasoko birengagiza — ni ibisabwa mu kugenzura uburyo bwo guhangana n'ibizamini mu gihe na nyuma y'igeragezwa ryo guhindagurika kw'ikirere. Dukurikije IEC 60068-2-6, uburyo bwo guhangana n'ibizamini bugomba gupimwa ku ngingo enye: mbere y'ikizamini, hagati mu gihe cy'ikizamini, mu mpera z'ikizamini, na nyuma y'iminota 30 (kugira ngo habeho uburyo bwo guhagarara neza kw'ubushyuhe).

Igipimo cyo kunyura mu guhangana n’umuvuduko biterwa n’ubwoko bw’aho icyuma gihagarara n’ikoreshwa ryacyo, ariko mu ikoreshwa rya gari ya moshi, ubwumvikane bw’inganda ni uko kwiyongera kwa nyuma yo guhindagurika kw’umuvuduko w ... Kubera ko ibyuma bikingira amashanyarazi bigumana umuvuduko w’amashanyarazi binyuze mu mbaraga z’amasoko aho kuba hagati y’icyuma gikingira amashanyarazi n’icyuma gikingira amashanyarazi, birwanya cyane ingese itera kwangirika k’ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’amashanyarazi mu bice bikingira amashanyarazi iyo bihindaguritse..

Ibisabwa by'inyongera ku bidukikije muri EN 50155

Uretse guhindagura, EN 50155:2021 isaba ko ibyuma bipima ibidukikije bitsinda ibizamini byuzuye bifitanye isano n’ibisabwa mu guhindagura mu buryo bw’ingenzi. Ikizamini cy’ubushuhe (IEC 60068-2-78, 93% RH kuri 40°C mu gihe cy’iminsi 4) ni ingenzi cyane kuko kwinjira k’ubushuhe bishobora kwihutisha ingese mu byuma bipima ibyuma. Ibizamini by’ubushyuhe (ubusanzwe -25°C kugeza +70°C, 5 cycles) bishobora kugaragaza ibibazo bitandukanye byo kwaguka mu byuma bipima ikirere n’uburyo bwo gukoranaho.

Ku byerekeye ibyuma byagenewe ibikoresho byo hanze ku modoka za gari ya moshi (ibirahuri by'imbere, ibikoresho byo kugenzura inzugi, ibikoresho byo gupima feri), ikizamini cy'umunyu (IEC 60068-2-52, urwego rwa 2 rw'ubukana) nacyo ni itegeko kandi gishobora kugaragaza ibibazo bya corruption mu buryo bw'impeshyi bitagaragara mu isuzuma rya laboratwari rigenzurwa ryonyine.

Fiziki y'imashini igaragaza impamvu ibyuma bya screw byananiwe no gutigita

Kugira ngo dusobanukirwe impamvu ibyuma bya "spring cage" byahindutse amahitamo asanzwe yo gukoresha gari ya moshi, tugomba gusuzuma itandukaniro ry'ibanze rya tekiniki hagati y'ikoranabuhanga ryo guhuza. Uburyo bwo gucika intege kw'ibyuma bya "screw terminals" biri mu gihe cy'ihindagurika ntabwo ari ingenzi cyane - ni inzira ishoboka kandi ishobora kongera gukoreshwa yagaragajwe neza mu nyandiko kandi yemezwa n'uburambe bw'aho hantu.

Uburyo bwo Gushonga kw'Ingufu

Iyo icyuma gifunganye gikomejwe, gitera imbaraga zo gufunga hagati y'umutwe w'icyuma (cyangwa icyuma gifunganye) n'icyuma gifata. Izi mbaraga zigumana imbaraga zo gufungana ku miyoboro y'itumanaho. Mu gihe cyo guhindagurika, hari ingendo ntoya za mikorometero 1–10 kuri izi miyoboro, ndetse n'igihe imbaraga zo gufungana za macroscopic zisa n'aho zidahindutse. Kubera ko ubuso bufatanye buri munsi y'umuvuduko mwinshi, ubu buryo buto butera gucika intege - inzira yo kwangirika ikuraho ibintu ku buso bwombi kandi ikabyara uduce duto twa oxide dukingira ku gice cyo hagati cy'ubutaka..

Uko impanuka zigenda ziyongera, agace nyako k’aho impanuka zihurira karagabanuka, ibyo bikaba byongera ubucucike bw’amashanyarazi ku hantu hasigaye impanuka. Ubu bushyuhe bwo mu gace butuma amashanyarazi yihuta, bigatuma habaho uburyo bwiza bwo gusubiza ibintu mu buryo butuma impanuka ziyongera cyane. Mu nganda zibungabunzwe neza kandi zigenzurwa buri gihe, umutekinisiye yamenya imiterere y’impanuka mu gihe cyo gusuzuma ubushyuhe bw’igihe runaka, agasubiza amashanyarazi ku mpande zombi mbere yuko zigwa nabi. Mu buryo bwo gukoresha gari ya moshi hamwe n’ibihumbi by’aho indege zihurira, ubu buryo bwo kugenzura buri muntu ku giti cye ntabwo bushoboka.

Uburyo bwo gukaraba ahantu hashyuha mu mpeshyi

Ibice bya terminal bya "spring cage" bisimbura uburyo bwo gufunga vis n'uburyo bwo gufunga bukoresha "spring-contact". Iyo "conductor" ishyizwe mu gice cya "spring cage", "spring force" igumana imbaraga zisanzwe kuri "conductor", bigatuma habaho "contact interface" idafata gazi. Itandukaniro rikomeye hagati ya "screw terminals" na "screw terminals" ni uko uburyo bwa "spring" buhora buhinduka ku buryo bujyanye n'ubushyuhe n'uburyo "micro-movement" binyuze mu gukoresha imbaraga zo kugarura zijyanye n'aho zijya - atari imbaraga zihamye zo gukururana.

Iyo aho impera y'amazi itemba, impera yinjiza imikorere yayo ku buryo ikora, igakomeza kugira umuvuduko uhoraho mu gihe cyose cyo gutigita. Ibikoresho by'amazi (ubusanzwe byuma bikomeye cyangwa aloyi ya nickel-titanium yo gukoreshwa mu bushyuhe bwinshi) bitoranywa kugira ngo birwane n'umunaniro, kandi imiterere y'amazi igenewe kwemeza ko imbaraga zo gukora ziguma mu buryo bugenwe nibura mu gihe cy'ingendo 100.000 zo gutigita - birenga kure ibyo ikizamini cya EN 50155 gisaba.

"Inyungu y'ibanze y'ikoranabuhanga rya "spring cage" mu mikoreshereze ya gari ya moshi si igipimo kimwe cy'imikorere - ni ukuvanaho uburyo bwo gucika intege. Iyo "screw terminal" inaniwe, iracika buhoro buhoro kandi mu buryo butunguranye. Iyo "spring cage terminal" inaniwe, akenshi iracika ako kanya kandi ikamenyekana. Uburyo bwo gucika intege buhoro buhoro mu mikoreshereze ya gari ya moshi y'ingenzi mu mutekano ni bubi cyane kuruta ubwo mu buryo butunguranye."

Gusiganwa ku mashyuza: Umufatanyabikorwa ucecetse mu kwangirika kw'imitingito

Mu bikorwa bya gari ya moshi, gutigita ntibyigera bikora byonyine. Ubushyuhe ku modoka ya gari ya moshi burahinduka cyane: ubushyuhe buri hagati ya -40°C mu gihe cy'itumba bukagera kuri +70°C mu zuba ryinshi ku bikoresho bishyirwa ku gisenge, kandi ubushyuhe bushobora kurenza 30°C. Ibi bivuze ko buri gice cy'imodoka ya gari ya moshi gihura n'ubushyuhe bukabije icyarimwe ndetse no gutigita kwa mashini - imiterere y'imihangayiko yihutisha ingese n'umunaniro wo mu mpeshyi.

Ihuriro riri hagati yo guhindagurika kw'ubushyuhe n'ihindagurika ry'ikirere rikabije cyane ku byuma bifunga. Iyo icyuma gishyushye giturutse ku muvuduko w'amazi hanyuma kigakonja mu kirere cya nijoro, kwaguka kw'ubushyuhe hagati y'umubiri w'icyuma gifunga (ikigereranyo cy'ikwirakwizwa ry'ubushyuhe: 19 × 10⁻⁶/°C) n'icyuma gifunga (11–13 × 10⁻⁶/°C) bitanga izindi ngendo nto ku gice cyo gufunga. Kubera ko izi ngaruka z’ubushyuhe ziyongera kandi zidasubirwaho, icyuma cyo gukurura imigozi cyamaze imyaka 5 gikora muri gari ya moshi ikoresha ubushyuhe kizaba cyagabanyije cyane imbaraga zo gufunga ugereranije n’icyo gice kimwe cyashyizweho igihe cyo gushyiraho - nubwo cyaba cyarongeye guhindurwa..

Ibikoresho byo mu ngo z'impeshyi ntibigira ingaruka ku bushyuhe, ariko uburyo bwo mu mpeshyi bwagenewe kwakira ubushyuhe butarinze kwimura imbaraga mu buryo bwo guhuza. Ubusanzwe impeshyi ivanwa ku gice cy'ingenzi cy'impeshyi hakoreshejwe icyuma gikingira ubushyuhe cya kera cyangwa polymer, kigabanya uburyo ubushyuhe buhuza kandi kigatuma impeshyi igumana imbaraga zayo mu bushyuhe buri hagati ya -40°C na +120°C.

Uburyo bwo kugenzura icyemezo cy'umutanga serivisi za gari ya moshi wa Terminal Block

Nyuma yo gusuzuma amadosiye amagana y’amakuru yerekeye terminal block na raporo z’ibizamini ku bakiriya ba gari ya moshi, nateguye uburyo bwo kugenzura abatanga serivisi nsaba buri muhanga mu gutanga amasoko. Ikosa rikunze kugaragara ni ukwemera ko umutanga serivisi yiyemerera kubahiriza amategeko nk'ikimenyetso cy'uko yujuje ibisabwa. Mu ruhererekane rw'ibikoresho bya gari ya moshi by'ukuri, kugenzura kw'umuntu wa gatatu si amahitamo.

Intambwe ya 1: Emeza ko Laboratwari y'Ibizamini yemewe

Raporo y'ikizamini igomba gutangwa na laboratwari yemewe na ISO/IEC 17025 kugira ngo ihabwe ibipimo ngenderwaho by'ikizamini byagenwe. Laboratwari zikomeye zemewe zo gupima gari ya moshi zirimo SGS (Jeneve), Bureau Veritas (Paris), TÜV Rheinland (Cologne), na Ricardo Rail (UK). Raporo y'ikizamini cy'umutanga serivisi mu kigo ntabwo ari ikimenyetso cyemewe cy'uko EN 50155 yujuje ibisabwa - ishobora kugaragaza ko umutanga serivisi yapimye ibicuruzwa, ariko ntishobora kwerekana ko ikizamini cyakozwe ku gipimo gisabwa cyangwa ko cyasobanuwe neza.

Intambwe ya 2: Reba icyitegererezo cy'ikizamini

Raporo y'ikizamini igomba kuba ikubiyemo ikimenyetso cy'ikizamini gisobanutse neza — nimero nyayo y'igice, nimero y'itsinda, n'itariki yo gukora igice cyapimwe. Raporo y'ikizamini igaragaza "ingero zihagarariye" zidafite ikimenyetso cyihariye ntabwo ihagije. Icyiza kigomba kuba gikomoka ku buryo bumwe bwo gukora n'ibikoresho nk'ibicuruzwa bigurwa. Niba umucuruzi adashobora gutanga raporo y'ikizamini cy'inomero nyayo y'igice cyavuzwe, iki ni ikimenyetso gisaba iperereza ryinshi.

Intambwe ya 3: Emeza Ibipimo by'Ikizamini Bikoreshejwe

Suzuma witonze imbonerahamwe y'ibipimo by'ibizamini bya raporo y'ibizamini. Kugira ngo EN 50155 ikurikize amategeko, ibipimo bikurikira bigomba kugaragazwa: ingano y'impinduka (ubusanzwe 5–150 Hz ku cyiciro cya 1), ingano y'impinduka (0.5 mm pp ku cyiciro cya 1), ingano y'ingufu (10 m/s² ku cyiciro cya 1), umubare w'imirongo yapimwe (itatu: ihagaze, iy'uruhande, iy'uburebure), umubare w'imizunguko yo gukurura kuri buri murongo (10), n'ibipimo byemewe byo guhindura imiterere y'ingufu (ubusanzwe

Itandukaniro rimwe nkunda kubona muri raporo z'ibizamini by'abatanga serivisi ni uko ikizamini cyakozwe ku bipimo by'icyiciro cya 2 iyo urupapuro rw'amakuru ruvuga ko byujuje ibisabwa mu cyiciro cya 1. Ibi ni ukwibeshya gukomeye. Niba ubusabe bwawe busaba imikorere y'icyiciro cya 1, ugomba kwemeza ko ikizamini cyakozwe ku bipimo by'icyiciro cya 1 - ntabwo ari uko gusa umutanga serivisi afite raporo y'ikizamini yanditseho "EN 50155."

Intambwe ya 4: Emeza amakuru yerekeye uburyo bwo guhangana n'ibibazo

Baza ibipimo nyabyo by’ubudahangarwa bw’aho ibintu bihurira n’aho bihurira n’aho binyura uhereye ku kizamini cyo guhindagura — ntabwo ari ikimenyetso cy’uko icyuma cyatsinze ikizamini gusa. Raporo igomba kuba ikubiyemo ibipimo bya mbere y’ikizamini, hagati y’ikizamini, ikizamini cya nyuma, n’ibipimo bya nyuma yo guhagarara neza kuri buri gice cyapimwe. Reba uko ibintu bigenda: niba ubudahangarwa bw’aho ibintu bihurira buri kwiyongera buhoro buhoro mu ngendo z’ikizamini kuri buri gice, ibi bigaragaza ikibazo cy’ubudahangarwa bw’ingufu gishobora kugaragara nk’ikibazo cy’ubutaka mu myaka 2-3 uhereye igihe cyakorewe.

Ku bice by'inkombe by'impeshyi, ihinduka ry'ubudahangarwa bw'aho bihurira rigomba kuba rito cyane — ubusanzwe rigomba kuba riri munsi ya 0.5 mΩ kuva ku ntangiriro kugeza ku nyuma yo guhagarara, kandi nta kwiyongera gukomeje mu gihe cy'igeragezwa. Muri J-Guang, PCT-211 DIN rail push-in wire terminal block series yacu igaragaza ubudahangarwa bw'aho bihurira buri muri 0.2 mΩ ku bipimo bitatu byose bya EN 50155, ari na byo nkoresha iyo nsuzuma urwego urwo arirwo rwose rw'aho bihurira mu bikorwa bya gari ya moshi.

Intambwe ya 5: Kugenzura ubushobozi bw'uburyo bwo gukora

Ku bijyanye no kugura ingano (ibice birenga 10.000 bya terminal kuri buri gutumiza), ndagusaba gusaba raporo y'ubushobozi bwo gukora nk'igice cy'ibisabwa n'umutanga serivisi. Imbaraga z'impeshyi z'ibice bifunga by'impeshyi ni ikintu cy'ingenzi kigomba kugenzurwa mu buryo buhamye. Saba umutanga serivisi amakuru y'ibipimo by'imbaraga z'impeshyi kuva ku murongo w'umusaruro - impuzandengo y'imbaraga z'impeshyi igomba kuba iri hagati ya ± 15% by'agaciro k'umusaruro, hamwe na Cpk (ikimenyetso cy'ubushobozi bwo gukora) nibura 1.33 kugira ngo habeho ibikorwa by'ingenzi by'umutekano.

Ibipimo ngenderwaho byo guhitamo gari ya moshi birenga ku guhindagurika

Ubudahangarwa bw'imitingito ni cyo kintu cy'ingenzi gitandukanya agasanduku k'impeshyi n'ibiti bya screw, ariko porogaramu za gari ya moshi zitanga ibindi bipimo byinshi byo guhitamo bishobora kugira ingaruka ku mahitamo meza yo gushyiraho ikintu runaka.

Kurinda inkongi n'uburozi bw'umwotsi

EN 45545-2 ("Ikoreshwa rya gari ya moshi - Uburinzi bw'inkongi ku binyabiziga bya gari ya moshi - Igice cya 2: Ibisabwa n'Imyitwarire y'ibikoresho") ishyira ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi mu byiciro hakurikijwe imikorere yabyo mu nkongi. Ibikoresho bya terminal bikoreshwa mu bice abagenzi binjiramo (amakabati yo imbere, ameza y'umushoferi) bigomba kuzuza ibisabwa cyane mu kurinda inkongi - ubusanzwe HL2 cyangwa HL3 bitewe n'ubwoko bw'ikinyabiziga n'inzira gikoreramo.

Ibyuma byinshi byo mu nzu bikoreshwa mu gutwikiramo amazi bikoresha ibikoresho byo mu nzu bya polyamide (PA) cyangwa polycarbonate (PC), bigabanya umuriro wa UL94 V-0. Ariko, ntabwo ibi bikoresho byose byujuje ibisabwa na EN 45545-2, bisaba igeragezwa hakurikijwe ISO 5659-2 (ubucucike bw'umwotsi) na EN ISO 5659-3 (imyuka ihumanya). Ku bijyanye n'imikorere ya gari ya moshi imbere mu gihugu, garagaza ibyuma byo mu nzu bifite ibikoresho byo mu nzu byemejwe na EN 45545-2 HL2 cyangwa irenga, kandi ugenzure icyemezo ukoresheje raporo y'ikizamini nyacyo aho kwemeza urupapuro rw'amakuru.

Ingano y'amashanyarazi n'intera yo gucika kw'amazi

Sisitemu z'amashanyarazi za gari ya moshi zikora ku buryo butandukanye bw'amashanyarazi, kuva kuri za circuits 24 za VDC zigenzura kugeza kuri busbars 3.000 za VDC zikoresha ingufu. Ibice bya terminal kuri izi ngero zitandukanye z'amashanyarazi bigomba kugira intera ihagije yo gukurura (inzira ngufi hagati y'ibice bibiri biyobora amashanyarazi ku buso bw'ibikoresho bikingira) kugira ngo hirindwe ko inzira yangirika. Dukurikije IEC 60664-1, intera ntoya yo gukurura amashanyarazi kuri circuits 24 za VDC mu bidukikije bya Pollution Degree 2 ni 0.8 mm, mu gihe kuri circuits 3.000 za VDC, intera ntoya yo gukurura amashanyarazi ni 18 mm.

Uduce twinshi tw’amashanyarazi two mu mpeshyi twagenewe gukoreshwa mu nganda dukora ku buryo bwikora, dufite amanota ya voltage agera kuri 800 V, ibi bikaba bihagije kuri sisitemu nyinshi z’amashanyarazi zifasha mu gukurura ariko ntibihagije ku miyoboro ya busbar ikoresha amashanyarazi mu buryo butaziguye. Kubera ko intera y'amazi iterwa n'amashanyarazi ari urwego rw'amashanyarazi n'iy'ihumana, ugomba kugaragaza imiterere y'ibidukikije (imbere mu nzu, hanze, aho umuntu ashobora guhura n'umukungugu utwara amazi cyangwa ubushuhe) hiyongereyeho ingufu z'amashanyarazi mu gihe uhitamo ibyuma bihagarara..

Ingano y'insinga n'uburyo bwo kuyihagarika bihuye

Imodoka za gari ya moshi zikoresha insinga zitandukanye, kuva kuri sensor ya mm² 0.5 kugeza kuri insinga y'amashanyarazi ya mm² 240. Urubuga rwa terminal block rukubiyemo insinga zose muri porogaramu yawe rworoshya imicungire y'ibikoresho kandi rugabanya ibyago byo gukora amakosa mu gihe cyo gushyiraho no kubungabunga insinga. J-Guang's PCT-211 DIN ikigo cy'itumanaho gishyirwamo amashanyarazi Yemera insinga zigera kuri 0.5 mm² kugeza kuri 16 mm² mu ngano imwe y'inzu, ingana na 85% by'insinga zikoreshwa mu makabati asanzwe y'amashanyarazi ya gari ya moshi.

Urutonde rw'ibisabwa mu gutanga amasoko: Icyo buri muguzi wa gari ya moshi agomba gusaba

Mbere yo gutanga itegeko ryo kugura ibyuma bya gari ya moshi, ibi bikurikira bigomba kwemezwa no kwandikwa. Uru rutonde rureba ubwoko bwa terminale zo mu mpeshyi n'izifite screw, nubwo imikorere y’ikoranabuhanga yombi itandukanye cyane.

1. Raporo y'ikizamini cya EN 50155 cy'umuntu wa gatatu: Byatanzwe na laboratwari yemewe na ISO/IEC 17025, bikubiyemo nomero y'igice cyihariye n'ivugurura ririmo gukorwa, hamwe n'amakuru yuzuye yerekeye uburyo bwo guhangana n'ibizamini bitatu.
2. EN 45545-2 Icyemezo cyumuriro: Ku bijyanye no gushyira mu bikorwa ibikoresho byo mu nzu, ibikoresho byo mu nzu bigomba kuba bifite icyemezo cya HL2 cyangwa HL3 cyavuye muri laboratwari yemewe. Genzura nimero y’icyemezo ugereranije n’inomero y’igice nyacyo — icyemezo cy’ibikoresho bisanzwe ntibyemewe kugira ngo byemezwe ku gicuruzwa cya nyuma.
3. Ingano y'amashanyarazi n'umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi: Umuvuduko w’amashanyarazi ugomba kungana cyangwa kurenza umuvuduko ntarengwa wa sisitemu wongeyeho 20% by’umutekano. Umuvuduko w’amashanyarazi ugomba kungana cyangwa kurenza umuvuduko ntarengwa uhoraho mu ikoreshwa, bikaba ari nabyo bigabanya umuvuduko ukenewe ku bushyuhe buri hejuru.
4. Ingano y'insinga ihuye: Genzura ko icyuma gifunga imiyoboro cyakira ingano zose z'insinga zavuzwe mu gishushanyo cyawe, harimo n'ibyuma biyobora imigozi (Icyiciro cya 5 n'Icyiciro cya 6) bisaba uburyo bwihariye bwo kurangiza kugira ngo habeho guhuza gazi.
5. Amakuru ku musaruro w'ingufu z'impeshyi: Ku bijyanye n'aho amazi anyura mu mato mato, saba amakuru ya Cpk mu nyandiko z'umucuruzi zigenzura uko ibintu bikorwa. Cpk iri
6. Amakuru ajyanye no kwirinda ubushyuhe: Ibyuma bipima ubushyuhe bw'ikirere bigomba gupimwa hakurikijwe ubushyuhe ntarengwa mu bidukikije, hamwe n'izamuka ry'ubushyuhe buturuka ku muvuduko w'amazi. Ku bikoresho biri munsi y'ubutaka bifite ubushyuhe bugera kuri 70°C, garagaza ibyuma bipima ubushyuhe bwa 100°C byibuze.
7. Ibikoresho bihuye: Genzura ko ibikoresho bikenewe - imigozi yo ku rukuta, imigozi yo ku rukuta, uduce duto two ku mpera, amasoko yo kugerageza - biboneka ku mucuruzi umwe kandi byemejwe ko bihuye na platforme ya terminal block yavuzwe. Kuvanga ibikoresho biva mu nganda zitandukanye bishobora gusesa icyemezo.

Impamvu Spring Cage Ikwiye Kuba Amahitamo Yawe Asanzwe ku Mazu ya Gari ya Moshi

Nyuma y'imyaka cumi n'itanu nshyiraho ibyuma bya gari ya moshi - no gusuzuma amakosa menshi mu mikorere y'imodoka mu bakozi benshi n'ubwoko bw'imodoka - inama yanjye ntirasobanutse: ibyuma bya terminal bya spring cage bigomba kuba amahitamo asanzwe ku bikoresho bishya byose by'amashanyarazi bya gari ya moshi, aho ibyuma bya screw bisuzumwa gusa mu bihe bidasanzwe aho imbogamizi zihariye zituma spring cage idakwiye.

Ingingo yo gukora neza ubwayo irasobanutse. Iyo mbariye ikiguzi cyose cyo gutunga akabati gasanzwe k'amashanyarazi ka gari ya moshi gafite imiyoboro 500 mu gihe cy'imyaka 15 y'ubuzima bw'imodoka, itandukaniro ry'ikiguzi cyo kubungabunga hagati y'akabati k'impeshyi n'utuzuru byonyine - bikubiyemo igenzura rya torque buri gihembwe, ubushakashatsi ku bushyuhe, n'ikiguzi cy'abakozi cyo kongera gukonjesha - akenshi birenga ikiguzi cy'ibiciro bya mbere byo kugura. Ongeraho ikiguzi cy'ingaruka zishobora guterwa no guhomba kw'impeshyi guterwa n'akabati k'impeshyi, kandi ikibazo cy'akabati k'impeshyi kiba gikomeye cyane.

Ariko uretse ikibazo cy’imari, hari ikibazo cy’umutekano mbona gishishikaje kurushaho. Imodoka za gari ya moshi zikora ahantu amashanyarazi ashobora kugira ingaruka mbi cyane - atari ku bikoresho gusa, ahubwo no ku bagenzi n’abakozi. Uburyo bwo gucika intege buhoro buhoro nko kuruhuka kw’aho icyuma gihagarara, butanga ibimenyetso by’uburinzi bishobora kugaragara binyuze mu igenzura rihoraho, burakorwa neza mu modoka zicunzwe neza. Ariko iyo igihe cyo kugenzura kidakoreshejwe, cyangwa iyo uburyo bwo kugenzura budakoresha amashusho y’ubushyuhe bw’imiyoboro y’amashanyarazi menshi, ibimenyetso by’uburinzi birabura kugeza igihe byangiritse. Kubera ko aho imiyoboro y'impeshyi ihagarara nabi kandi ako kanya mu gihe hari ibintu byatuma imiyoboro y'impeshyi ihagarara nabi buhoro buhoro kandi mu buryo butunguranye, uburyo bwo kunanirwa kwa gari ya moshi ni bwo bwiza mu mikoreshereze ya gari ya moshi..

Uruhererekane rwa J-Guang rwa PCT-211 rw'ibice bya gari ya moshi bya DIN byashyizwe muri gahunda zisaga 30 z'imodoka za gari ya moshi ku isi yose, aho serivisi yo mu murima irenga amasaha miliyoni 8 yo gukora. Amakuru yacu yo gusuzuma EN 50155, aboneka ku bahanga mu gutanga amasoko bose iyo babisabye, agaragaza ko ubushobozi bwo guhangana n'ingufu mu buryo buhoraho ku bipimo bitatu by'igerageza ku gipimo cya 1 cy'ingufu. Niba urimo gushyiraho ibice bya gari ya moshi ku mushinga mushya wa gari ya moshi cyangwa usuzuma ivugururwa ry'imodoka zisanzwe, nishimiye amahirwe yo kuganira ku byo ukeneye byihariye.