RCEP yaturikije inyungu ku isoko rya Aziya y'Amajyepfo y'Uburasirazuba!
Amasezerano y’ubufatanye bw’ubukungu bw’akarere (Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership, RCEP) yashyizweho umukono ku mugaragaro ku ya 15 Ugushyingo 2020.Umuhuza w'amapine abiri, insinga y'umugozi ugororotse na utugarura-rumuri tw'imodoka bigomba kwitabwaho.
Kugeza ubu, Ubushinwa bwarangije kwemeza amasezerano y’ubufatanye mu bukungu mu karere, ni ukuvuga amasezerano ya RCEP, kandi bwabaye igihugu cya mbere cyemeye ayo masezerano. Byongeye kandi, Tayilande yemeje ayo masezerano. Ibihugu byose bigize RCEP byagaragaje ko bizayemeza aya masezerano mu mpera z’uyu mwaka kandi bikayorohereza gutangira gukurikizwa ku ya 1 Mutarama umwaka utaha.
Ibihugu 15 byasinye aya masezerano byari bifite abaturage bagera kuri miliyari 3.6, cyangwa hafi kimwe cya kabiri cy’abaturage miliyari 7.8 ku isi. Bifite ubukungu bugera kuri tiriyari 27 z’amadolari, cyangwa kimwe cya gatatu cy’umusaruro rusange w’isi, n’ingano y’ubucuruzi ingana na kimwe cya gatatu cy’umubare w’ubucuruzi ku isi, ibihugu 15 ni RCEP, akarere gatuwe cyane ku isi, gafite ubukungu bunini n’ubucuruzi bufite amahirwe menshi yo gutera imbere.
Ariko mfite ubwoba ko hari inshuti nyinshi z’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga zitasobanukiwe, mu by’ukuri, RCEP ya mbere, ni ASEAN.
Ibihugu bya ASEAN byashyize ahagaragara igitekerezo cya RCEP mu 2011; muri uwo mwaka, abayobozi b'ibihugu icumi bemeje ku mugaragaro icyo gitekerezo mu nama ya ASEAN.
Ibihugu 10 bya ASEAN, hamwe n'abayobozi b'Ubushinwa, Ubuyapani, Repubulika ya Koreya, Ubuhinde, Ositaraliya na Nouvelle-Zélande, byasohoye itangazo rihuriweho ku itangizwa ry'ibiganiro > amasezerano y'ubufatanye mu bukungu bw'akarere muri
Nyuma y’ibyo, ASEAN yakomeje guteza imbere cyane ishyirwaho ry’umukono ku mugaragaro wa RCEP. Urugero, Viet Nam, umufatanyabikorwa wacu wa mbere mu bucuruzi muri ASEAN, yashimangiye ko gusinya RCEP byagiye biba kimwe mu by’ingenzi mu gushyira mu bikorwa ingamba mpuzamahanga za Viet Nam, mu gihe Maleziya, umunyamuryango wa kabiri mu bunini wa ASEAN, nayo yavuze ko amasezerano y’iterambere adakwiye kubangamira Ubuhinde.
Ku bukungu bw'akarere muri rusange, hari amasezerano y'ubucuruzi bw'ubwisanzure hagati y'ibihugu bya ASEAN na ASEAN muri rusange n'ibindi bihugu bitanu bigize umuryango, RCEP ikaba ari ukwiyongera kw'amasezerano asanzweho.
Muri rusange, gushyira mu bikorwa amasezerano y’imisoro n’amahoro ku banyamuryango ba RCEP, kubonera isoko ry’ubucuruzi ku isoko rusange, gukuraho inzitizi zigira ingaruka ku bucuruzi, no koroshya inzira zo kwishyura imisoro ku misoro bizagabanya ikiguzi cy’ubucuruzi mu karere ka RCEP kandi biteze imbere koroshya ubucuruzi, bizagira uruhare runini mu guteza imbere iterambere ry’ubucuruzi n’ishoramari mu karere. Kugabanya imisoro ku bicuruzwa bigera kuri 90 ku ijana by’imisoro ku banyamuryango byatera imbaraga ubucuruzi n’ishoramari mu bihugu byo mu karere.
Ku rundi ruhande, nk'uko imibare ibivuga, inganda z'inganda zo mu Bushinwa zigize 65% bya RCEP, abaturage ni 64%, naho ubukungu bungana na 55%, ari nabyo biruta ibindi bihugu byose muri RCEP, ibi bikaba bigaragaza ko Ubushinwa bufite umwanya ukomeye muri RCEP. RCEP izibanda ku Bushinwa, ishami ry'inganda, rifitiye akamaro cyane Ubushinwa mu gushyiraho gahunda yabwo y'ubukungu n'urwego mpuzamahanga rw'ingufu.
Ku bakora ubucuruzi bw'amahanga, ni ayahe mahirwe azaba akwiye gucukurwa?
Isoko rifite ubushobozi bunini
ASEAN ubu ifite ibihugu 10 bigize umuryango hakurikijwe ingano y’umusaruro rusange w’igihugu: Indoneziya, Tayilande, Singapuru, Maleziya, Filipine, Viyetinamu, Miyanimari, Kamboje, Lawosi na Brunei. Abaturage bose hamwe muri buri gihugu ubu bagera kuri miliyoni 660. Hamwe n’ibihugu bituranye by’Ubuhinde, Pakisitani na Bangladesh, bifite abaturage barenga miliyari 2.5, hafi inshuro ebyiri z’u Bushinwa, umubare munini w’abaturage nawo uzana amahirwe menshi y’ubucuruzi.
Muri raporo yo mu ntangiriro z'Ukwakira, ikigo cya Price water Coopers cyasesenguye ko ibihugu byinshi bya ASEAN byari bikiri mu ntangiriro z'iterambere ry'ubukungu kandi ko ishingiro ry'ubukungu bwabyo ryari ritoroshye. Bitewe n'iterambere ryihuse mu myaka ya vuba aha, imibereho y'abaturage bo muri ako gace yarushijeho kuba myiza cyane, kandi abakenera n'abakoresha ibicuruzwa bitandukanye bakomeje kwiyongera.
Kugeza ubu, ASEAN ishobora kugabanywamo ibice bitatu hakurikijwe urwego rw'iterambere ry'ubukungu:
Urwego rwa mbere: Singapuru na Brunei
Ibi bihugu byombi bifite uburyo bwiza bwo kubaka ibikorwa remezo n'ubukungu, ariko bigengwa n'ubuso bw'ubutaka n'ikiguzi cy'abakozi kiri hejuru, ingano y'inganda ni ntoya, kandi ahanini yibanda ku nganda zikora ibikoresho byo mu rwego rwo hejuru.
Icyiciro cya kabiri: Maleziya na Tayilande
Ishingiro ry’inganda z’ibihugu byombi riratunganye, urwego rw’uburezi mu gihugu ruri hejuru, kandi ubwiyongere bw’inganda mu myaka mike ishize bwagize uburyo bwiza bwo gutanga serivisi mu nzego zimwe na zimwe, burangwa n’ipiganwa rikomeye.
Icyiciro cya gatatu: Indoneziya, Filipine, Viyetinamu, Miyanimari, Kamboje na Lawosi
Ishingiro ry’inganda muri iki gihugu ni rito cyane kandi urwego rw’iterambere ry’igihugu ruri hasi, ariko bitewe n’umubare munini w’abakozi n’igiciro gito cy’abakozi, gifite ubushobozi bwo guhangana mu nganda zikoresha abakozi benshi. Ibi bihugu bifatwa n’abashoramari benshi b’abanyamahanga nk’Ubushinwa bukurikira, bikurura ishoramari ryinshi ry’abanyamahanga kandi bikura vuba.
Mbere y’uko ikamba rishya ritangira, ibihugu bya ASEAN byakomeje kugira igipimo cy’izamuka ry’umusaruro rusange w’igihugu ku mwaka cya hafi 5% mu myaka myinshi ishize, kandi ASEAN yari imaze igihe kinini ifatwa nk' "imwe mu turere twitwaye neza ku isi".
Ariko kubera ikamba rishya rya "black swan", mu 2020, ibihugu bitanu muri bitandatu bikomeye bigize ASEAN, Indoneziya, Singapuru, Maleziya, Filipine, Tayilande n'ibindi bihugu, byagaragaje iterambere ribi, Vietnam yonyine "yonyine", byakomeje kwiyongera neza, ariko nanone byagabanutse cyane, 2.9% gusa.
Ariko, biteganijwe ko ubukungu bw'ibihugu bya ASEAN buzasubira inyuma mu 2021, kimwe n'ahandi hose ku isi, kandi imbaraga zirushaho gukomera, kuko ibyiza by'ibanze by'akarere bitarahinduka.
Kugabanya umubare w'igabana ry'inganda
Kuva aho Ubushinwa bugabanyirije hamwe uruhererekane rw'inganda hagati y'Ubushinwa n'ibihugu bya ASEAN, Ubushinwa buri mu nganda zikomeye mu nganda, kandi ibihugu bya ASEAN bifite inyungu mu nganda zikoresha abakozi benshi bitewe n'inyungu z'abaturage. Mbere yaho, Ubushinwa bwari bufite ishoramari ritaziguye mu bihugu bya ASEAN, nk'uko RCEP yabivuze, uruhererekane rw'inganda zo mu rwego rwo hasi ruzihutisha iyimurwa.
Kimwe mu bizagirira akamaro cyane ni inganda z'imyenda n'imyenda.
Nk’igihugu cyohereza imyenda myinshi ku isi mu mahanga, Ubushinwa bufite ibyiza byo gukora uruhererekane rw’imyenda, nko gukora ubushakashatsi n’iterambere ry’inganda, agaciro kongerewe, igihe cyo gutanga ibicuruzwa vuba mu gihe gito, gutumiza ibicuruzwa bigoye, n’ibindi. Ku rundi ruhande, inyungu ku giciro cy’abakozi mu mahanga muri Aziya y’Amajyepfo y’Uburasirazuba ni idasanzwe. Inyungu ku misoro ku isoko rya EU ryo muri Amerika y’Amajyaruguru ni yo ifite amahirwe ya mbere.
Uretse imyenda n'imyenda, inganda za pulasitiki zishingiye ku mapine nazo zizungukira ku gusinya amasezerano ya RCEP. Ubushinwa ni bwo bukora amapine menshi ku isi, ariko umupira w'umwimerere ushingiye hanze mu Bushinwa ni hafi 87%. Uko Ubushinwa bwinjira muri RCEP, butumiza mu mahanga umupira w'umwimerere uva muri Aziya y'Amajyepfo y'Amajyepfo mu gihe kizaza cyangwa nta misoro izagira, ni inyungu ikomeye ku nganda z'amapine ya raba mu Bushinwa.
Byongeye kandi, ni ngombwa cyane ko RCEP yashyizeho amategeko amwe y’inkomoko, azagabanya ikiguzi cy’ishoramari ry’ibigo mu karere. Mu bucuruzi mpuzamahanga, umubare munini w’ibicuruzwa kuva ku nganda kugeza ku isoko rya nyuma, akenshi binyuze mu bikorwa byinshi byambukiranya imipaka. Itegeko ry’akarere ry’amategeko y’inkomoko bivuze ko igipimo cy’ibigo bigura mu karere kigera kuri 40%, kandi ibicuruzwa bishobora gufatwa nk’aho bikomoka mu karere, bityo bikagira gahunda nziza. Ibi bizatera inkunga kunoza no kunoza imiyoboro y’ibicuruzwa mu karere kandi bigatera iterambere rikomeye mu bucuruzi n’ishoramari mu karere.
Igihe cyo kohereza ubutumwa: Werurwe-30-2021