Bivugwa ko ukwiyongera kw'imizigo y'amakontenari mu gihe gito ku isi muri rusange kwahagaze, ndetse n'ibiciro by'imizigo mu nzira z'ubucuruzi zo mu nyanja ya Pasifika byaragabanutse. Akagarura-gajuru k'igare ry'inyuma, Igihuza cy'abagore gifite uburebure bwa mm 2.54 n'ikibaho cyo gutekeshaho imigati icyiciro cy'aho ibintu bigarukira bigomba kwitabwaho.
Nubwo igipimo cy’imizigo cyagabanutse, ariko gishobora kuba ikintu cy’igihe gito gusa. Ni ngombwa kumenya ko igipimo cy’imizigo giherutse kuva i Shanghai kugera i Burayi n’inzira za Amerika gikomeje kuba hafi y’urwego rwuzuye rw’imizigo, igipimo cy’imizigo kiri ku rwego rwo hejuru, kandi hari ibimenyetso byo gukomeza kuzamuka.
Amakuru yagaragaje ko mu cyumweru gishize (kuva ku ya 29 Ugushyingo kugeza ku ya 3 Ukuboza) igipimo cy’ubwikorezi bw’amakontena yo mu Bushinwa (CCFI, kigaragaza igiciro cy’ubwishyu bw’amakontena yo mu bucuruzi) cyari gihagaze buri kwezi, igipimo cy’ubwishyu bw’amakontena yo mu bucuruzi yo mu Bushinwa (SCFI, kigaragaza ubwikorezi bw’amakontena yo mu bucuruzi n’ayo mu bucuruzi) cyazamutseho 2.7% ugereranije n’ukwezi ku kwezi (reba hepfo). Igipimo cy’ubwikorezi bw’amakontena yo mu Bushinwa (FBX, kigaragaza ibiciro by’ubwishyu bw’amakontena yo mu bucuruzi) cyagabanutseho hafi 15% ugereranyije n’igihe cyari kiri hejuru muri Nzeri, mu gihe cyazamutseho 0.08% mu cyumweru gishize.
Bivugwa ko ukwiyongera kw'imizigo y'amakontenari mu gihe gito ku isi muri rusange kwahagaze, ndetse n'ibiciro by'imizigo mu nzira z'ubucuruzi zo mu nyanja ya Pasifika byaragabanutse.
Nubwo igipimo cy’imizigo cyagabanutse, ariko gishobora kuba ikintu cy’igihe gito gusa. Ni ngombwa kumenya ko igipimo cy’imizigo giherutse kuva i Shanghai kugera i Burayi n’inzira za Amerika gikomeje kuba hafi y’urwego rwuzuye rw’imizigo, igipimo cy’imizigo kiri ku rwego rwo hejuru, kandi hari ibimenyetso byo gukomeza kuzamuka.
Amakuru yagaragaje ko mu cyumweru gishize (kuva ku ya 29 Ugushyingo kugeza ku ya 3 Ukuboza) igipimo cy’ubwikorezi bw’amakontena yo mu Bushinwa (CCFI, kigaragaza igiciro cy’ubwishyu bw’amakontena yo mu bucuruzi) cyari gihagaze buri kwezi, igipimo cy’ubwishyu bw’amakontena yo mu bucuruzi yo mu Bushinwa (SCFI, kigaragaza ubwikorezi bw’amakontena yo mu bucuruzi n’ayo mu bucuruzi) cyazamutseho 2.7% ugereranije n’ukwezi ku kwezi (reba hepfo). Igipimo cy’ubwikorezi bw’amakontena yo mu Bushinwa (FBX, kigaragaza ibiciro by’ubwishyu bw’amakontena yo mu bucuruzi) cyagabanutseho hafi 15% ugereranyije n’igihe cyari kiri hejuru muri Nzeri, mu gihe cyazamutseho 0.08% mu cyumweru gishize.
Imizigo y'ubwikorezi ku masezerano y'igihe kirekire ikomeje kwiyongera cyane
Nk’uko ikigo cy’ubujyanama mu bijyanye n’amakuru ku bijyanye n’ubwikorezi cya Xeneta kibitangaza, ibigo bitwara abantu bashaka kurangiza amasezerano y’igihe kirekire yo gutwara ibintu bizahura n’ibibazo bikomeye byo kugurisha ibintu.
Mu Gushyingo gushize, igiciro mpuzandengo cy’amasezerano y’igihe kirekire yo kohereza ibicuruzwa cyazamutseho 16% kigera kuri 16%, kizamukaho 121% ugereranyije n’umwaka, nk’uko imibare ya Xeneta ibigaragaza. Nyuma y’aho amasezerano y’igihe kirekire y’imiyoboro minini yose yo kohereza ibicuruzwa yazamutseho 28% muri Nyakanga.
Inkubi y’umuyaga ikomeye, yatewe n’ubukene bukomeje kwiyongera, ubwinshi bw’imizigo, ibyambu bikiri byuzuye, impinduka mu mikorere y’abaguzi, ndetse n’ihungabana ry’imikoreshereze y’ibicuruzwa, irimo gutuma ibiciro byo gutwara ibicuruzwa byiyongera cyane "tutari twarigeze tubona mbere," nk’uko byatangajwe n’umuyobozi mukuru wa Xeneta, Patrik Berglund.
Mu masezerano aheruka yo gutwara ibintu mu gihe kirekire, muri Amerika. Amasezerano y'igihe kirekire yo gutwara ibintu mu mahanga ku isoko rya Amerika yazamutseho 39% mu Gushyingo na 122% ugereranyije n'umwaka ushize, nk'uko Xeneta ibivuga. Amasezerano y'igihe kirekire yo gutwara ibintu mu mahanga muri Amerika na yo yazamutseho 9% muri uko kwezi.
Kubura agasanduku koroshya "agasanduku biragoye kubona" mu "akazu biragoye kubona"
Mbere, guhindagurika kw'amakontenari, kugaruka buhoro buhoro no "kuboneka bigoranye" byari bimwe mu byatumye ibicuruzwa byo mu mazi bizamuka cyane. Ni iki cyahindutse muri iki gihe?
Ku cyambu cya Shenzhen Yantian cy’amakonteyineri, hafi buri hantu hari amato y’amakonteyineri ahagarara, kandi ikigo cyose gikorera ku buryo bwuzuye. Birumvikana ko muri gahunda nto y’ibikoresho bya Yantian, rimwe na rimwe habaho ibura ry’amasanduku y’ubusa, mu kwezi k’Ugushyingo byararangiye.
Umusaruro w’amakontenari y’icyuma mu Bushinwa wiyongereyeho inshuro 1.7 mu mezi umunani ya mbere y’uyu mwaka, nk’uko Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Ibarurishamibare kibitangaza. Kuri ubu, nubwo ikibazo cyo kubura amakontenari gikemutse by’agateganyo, ariko ikibazo cy’ikibazo cy’akazu kari gikomeye, ntabwo ari "agasanduku" na "agasanduku" gusa byahindutse ibisanzwe, ndetse n’imfuruka n’imfuruka by’aho amakontenari ari, ibigo byatanze ibitekerezo.
Isoko ry’ubwikorezi rikomeje kugira umuriro mwinshi, kugira ngo bohereze ibicuruzwa, ibigo by’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga bihangayike. Ba nyiri ubucuruzi bato bashyize hamwe, bateranya agasanduku, ba nyiri ubucuruzi banini, abahagarariye abandi batekereza ku buryo bwo "gupakira ibicuruzwa", kugira ngo bakemure ikibazo cy’uruhererekane rw’ibicuruzwa.
Igiciro cyo hejuru cy'imizigo gishobora gukomeza mu gihe gito
Kuva muri Q42020, ingano y'imizigo inyura muri Aziya na Amerika y'Amajyaruguru yakomeje kwiyongera mu buryo butunguranye, kandi ubushobozi bw'ibyambu bya Amerika n'uruhererekane rw'ibicuruzwa byo mu gihugu hagati ni bike, bigatuma igipimo cy'imizigo yo mu bwato kizamuka inshuro nyinshi kugeza ku mateka. Ariko, mu gihembwe gisanzwe cya Q3 cyaraguye ukwezi ku kwezi, kimwe mu byatewe n'ubwiyongere bw'umubyigano mu byambu byo mu burengerazuba.
Ibiciro ni cyo kimenyetso cy’ingenzi kigaragaza iby’ibanze ku bicuruzwa n’ibikenewe, nk’uko inzobere mu by’ubushakashatsi bwa Guotai Junan, Zheng Wu, aherutse gusohora raporo y’ubushakashatsi ivuga ko ubwiyongere rusange bw’ibicuruzwa bwazamutseho 20% mu gihembwe cya gatatu, buri hasi ugereranije n’igihembwe cya kabiri. Nk’uko ibicuruzwa byo muri Aziya byaturutse ku rubuga rwa CTS, ubwiyongere muri Nzeri bwari ubw’igihe gito, aho hateganyijwe ko Ukwakira buzagabanuka naho ibicuruzwa bya Amerika biva mu Bushinwa bikagabanuka ukwezi ku kwezi mu Ukwakira. Bitewe n’igabanuka rya hafi 20% mu mezi abiri ashize n’igabanuka ry’umuvuduko w’ubwiyongere bw’imizigo yo mu kirere yo muri Amerika y’Amajyaruguru, ni byiza kuba maso ku byago byo kwiyongera k’ubwiyongere bw’ibicuruzwa.
Ariko, inzobere mu by’imigabane yo mu nyanja, Fan Lei, yasubije avuga ko igiciro cy’ubwikorezi kidasobanura ko igipimo cyo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga kizagabanuka mu gihe gito, ku ruhande rumwe, igiciro kigaragara cyane cyane ku isoko rya kabiri, ku isoko ry’imizigo y’amakontena, amasosiyete yo gutwara ibicuruzwa n’abahagarariye ibicuruzwa byabo (primary freight forwarder) biracyari bikomeye, biracyari hejuru cyane ugereranyije n’urwego rwari rusanzweho mbere y’icyorezo, icyifuzo cy’isoko ry’ubwikorezi kiracyari gikomeye muri rusange. Ku rundi ruhande, kuva muri Nzeri, imiterere y’ubwikorezi ku isi yagiye irushaho kuba myiza kandi itera inkunga runaka ku byoherezwa mu mahanga. Icyizere cy’isoko kuri iyi ntambwe ni impamvu ikomeye yo kugabanya ibiciro by’ubwikorezi bw’imizigo ku isoko rya kabiri ry’ubwikorezi.
Amakuru aheruka agaragaza ko ibipimo bifitanye isano bigaragaza igipimo cy’imizigo bikomeje kwiyongera, ku ruhande rw’uko icyifuzo cy’ubwikorezi buhuriweho kikiri gikomeye. Byongeye kandi, kuba hagaragaye ubwoko bushya bwa Omikjon byongereye impungenge ku izamuka ry’ubukungu bw’isi. Bamwe mu bahanga mu bya siyansi bizera ko icyorezo kizagirira akamaro igipimo cy’imizigo myinshi, kandi igipimo cy’imizigo kinini gishobora gukomeza mu gihe gito.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza 10-2021