Dukurikije ibisabwa n'Itegeko rishya ry'Uburayi rigenga umutekano w'ibicuruzwa (EU) 2019 / 1020, kugeza ku ya 16 Nyakanga 2021), inyinshi muri CE ziri mu Muryango w'Ubumwe bw'u Burayi (usibye Amerika) kuva mu 2021 (isaha yo mu gace utuyemo). Gusaba ibicuruzwa bifite ikirango cya CE kwandikwaho amakuru yo guhamagara "Odai", nyuma ya Nyakanga 16, ibicuruzwa bifite ikirango cya CE, ariko ntibishobora gutanga "Odai", bizafatwa nk'imyitwarire itemewe n'amategeko. Ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry'amategeko mashya n'amabwiriza bizagira ingaruka zikomeye ku bigo byohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga bikorera mu bucuruzi bwa elegitoroniki. Iyi ngingo isobanura ibikubiye mu mategeko mashya n'amabwiriza kugira ngo itange ibisobanuro ku bigo byohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga. Inzu y'indege yo mu mazi，SCSI connector na insinga zo gusimbuka bigomba kwitabwaho.
"Umukozi ushinzwe ubukungu" ni iki?
A: iri mu bucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka, hamwe n’inganda n’abacuruzi mu Bushinwa, mu gihe abaguzi bari mu Muryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi. Abagenzuzi b’isoko rya EU basuzuma umutekano w’ibicuruzwa bari mu Muryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi nk’abaguzi. Kubera impamvu zifatika, bashobora gukoresha ububasha ku bucuruzi bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi gusa. Iyo ibicuruzwa biva mu Bushinwa bijya mu Muryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi bitagenze neza, ntibashobora kuvugana n’inganda z’Ubushinwa. Kubwibyo, amabwiriza mashya agenga isoko rya EU EU2019/1020 asaba ko guhera ku ya 16 Nyakanga 2021, niba ibicuruzwa bishaka kugurishwa ku isoko rya EU, ubucuruzi bwo hanze ya EU bugomba kugira uhagarariye mu Muryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi, ikigo cy’ubukungu, ku bibazo bireba ibijyanye n’amategeko agenga isoko.
Ese koko abakora mu bukungu bagomba kuba bari mu Muryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi?
A: ni yego. Ku bijyanye n'ibicuruzwa bikoreshwa n'abantu, amategeko ariho ubu mu muryango w'ubumwe bw'ibihugu by'Uburayi asobanura abakora mu bukungu bw'ibihugu by'Uburayi nk'imiryango y'ubucuruzi nk'inganda, abatumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga cyangwa abakwirakwiza ibicuruzwa. Ibi bivuze ko nta bakozi b'ubukungu muri uwo muryango bafite inshingano zemewe n'amategeko ku baguzi b'ibihugu by'Uburayi, niba ibicuruzwa bigurishijwe mu buryo butaziguye bivuye mu bucuruzi bw'Abashinwa bijya ku baguzi b'ibihugu by'Uburayi.
Amategeko mashya azahindura uko ibintu bimeze, kandi guhera ku ya 16 Nyakanga 2021, hagomba kuba hari ikigo gishinzwe ubukungu gikorera mu Muryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi. Ikigo gishinzwe ubukungu kigomba kugira ibiro mu muryango w’ubumwe bw’u Burayi, kidakwiye kuba umuturage usanzwe, kandi ikigo gishinzwe ubukungu kigomba kuba umuntu wemewe n’amategeko, ni ukuvuga ikigo cy’ubucuruzi. Amabwiriza y’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi akubiyemo urutonde rw’ibicuruzwa by’inyongera bisaba ikigo gishinzwe ubukungu, kandi muri make, ibi bisabwa bizakurikizwa ku kugurisha ibicuruzwa byinshi bisanzwe.
Ni nde mu by’ukuri ushobora gufata umwanya w’umushoramari mu bukungu mu Muryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi ku bashoramari bo mu Bushinwa bohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga?
A: Abakora mu bukungu bw’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’Uburayi bashobora kuba abashoramari basanzwe bagurisha ibicuruzwa ku baguzi b’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’Uburayi bashobora gutumiza ibicuruzwa bivuye mu Bushinwa cyangwa mu bindi bihugu. Abakora mu bukungu bw’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’Uburayi bashobora kandi kuba ububiko bwo mu mahanga, aho abakiriya b’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’Uburayi bagura ibicuruzwa ku mbuga za interineti, maze abacuruzi bohereza ibicuruzwa ku baguzi b’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’Uburayi, atari binyuze ku bashoramari basanzwe. Inganda z’Abashinwa zishobora kandi kwemeza "abahagarariye" bari muri uwo Muryango w’Ubumwe bw’Uburayi kugira ngo babakorere.
Ububiko bwo mu mahanga ni iki?
A: Ni ikigo cy’ubucuruzi gishinzwe kubika, gupakira, kuzuza no gukwirakwiza ibicuruzwa ku bakinnyi cyangwa abacuruzi. Ububiko bwo mu mahanga ubwabwo ntabwo bufite ibicuruzwa, butandukanye n’ubw’umutumiza w’ibicuruzwa byabwo bwite.
Mu gihe nta bubiko bw’ibintu mu mahanga buriho, iyo abaguzi bo mu muryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi batumije ibicuruzwa bivuye mu nganda z’Abashinwa, abacuruzi bifata igihe kirekire mu gutwara ibicuruzwa byabo iyo ibicuruzwa byabo biva kure y’Ubushinwa buri gihe.
Ku bijyanye n'ububiko bwo mu mahanga, amashami menshi y'ubucuruzi atwara ibicuruzwa byinshi mu bubiko bw'ibihugu by'Uburayi byo mu mahanga. Iyo abaguzi baguze ibicuruzwa, ibicuruzwa bireba bishobora koherezwa bivuye mu bubiko bw'ibihugu by'Uburayi byo mu mahanga bigashyikirizwa abaguzi mu gihe gito, kandi amasoko menshi yo kuri interineti akurikiza ubu buryo bwo gukwirakwiza ibicuruzwa.
Ni ibihe bisabwa kugira ngo umuntu uhagarariye abandi mu buryo bwemewe ahabwe uburenganzira?
Amabwiriza ya EU yo muri A: ashyiraho amabwiriza akomeye ku bahagarariye bemerewe kandi anashyiraho inshingano nyinshi kuri bo. Ubwa mbere, uruganda rugomba kwemerera uhagarariye urwe binyuze mu nyandiko yashyizweho umukono n'impande zombi, kandi niba abayobozi ba EU bavuganye n'uhagarariye wemerewe, bigomba kwemerera urwemerewe kuvuga mu izina ry'uruganda. Uruganda nirwo rwonyine rushobora guha uhagarariye wemerewe nta mucuruzi. Amabwiriza ya EU asaba kandi ibihugu bigize Umuryango w'Ubumwe bw'Uburayi gushyiraho amabwiriza y'ibihano ku kutubahiriza inshingano zabyo zemewe n'amategeko, bityo iyo hari ikintu kitagenda neza, abahagarariye bemerewe bagomba kwihanganira ingaruka zose z'amategeko.
Kuki EU ifite impungenge nyinshi ku bisabwa kugira ikigo gishinzwe ubukungu gihagarariye inganda?
Impamvu y'ingenzi cyane ya A: ni uko uyu mucuruzi w’ubukungu ari ikigo gishobora kubazwa mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko n’ubukungu n’inzego z’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi. Agomba kuba ahari ubwe, kandi akaba ari we wa mbere uvugwaho. Iyo ibicuruzwa bifashwe nk'ibidafite umutekano cyangwa byujuje ibisabwa n’amategeko, agomba kwikorera ingaruka z’ibyangiritse byose n’ibyangiritse.
Ni izihe nshingano amategeko y’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi ashyiraho ku bakora mu by’ubukungu bahagarariye inganda?
A: Amabwiriza y’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi asobanura neza inshingano enye z’abakora mu bukungu. Ubwa mbere, umukozi ushinzwe ubukungu agomba kugenzura ko inyandiko y’amategeko n’inyandiko za tekiniki byanditswe, kandi ko bigomba kubikwa nibura imyaka 10. Icya kabiri, muri iki gihe cy’imyaka 10, niba abashinzwe kugenzura isoko rya EU babisabye, abakora mu bukungu bagomba gutanga aya makuru ku nzego zibishinzwe mu gihe kitarenze iminsi 10. Icya gatatu, niba umukozi ushinzwe ubukungu yizeye ko ibicuruzwa bidafite umutekano, agomba kuvugana n’abashinzwe kugenzura isoko. Icya kane, abakora mu bukungu bagomba gufatanya n’abashinzwe kugenzura isoko cyangwa bagafata ingamba zabo bwite zo gukuraho ibicuruzwa bidafite umutekano cyangwa kugabanya ibyago biterwa n’ibicuruzwa bidafite umutekano ku isoko.
Bite ho niba nta kigo cy’ubukungu kiri muri EU kandi nkaba nkigerageza kugurisha ibicuruzwa byanjye muri EU?
Muri A:, ibi ntabwo byubahirije ibisabwa bishya by’amategeko. Birabujijwe kugurisha ibicuruzwa ku giti cy’abaguzi ku giti cyabo muri EU utabihagarariye.
Intego yo gushyiraho abakora mu bukungu ni iyihe?
A: Abakora mu bukungu barimo kuziba icyuho mu bucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka kandi bagashyiraho urubuga ruboneye ku bigo byose bishaka gukorana ubucuruzi n'abaguzi b'ibihugu by'Uburayi, aho ibicuruzwa byaturutse hose.
Gasutamo yibutsa ibigo bireba
Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’Uburayi watanze amabwiriza 25 ya tekiniki (buri kimwe ku cyiciro runaka cy’ibicuruzwa) ahuza ibicuruzwa byose by’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’Uburayi n’ikirango cya CE uretse ibikoresho by’ubuvuzi, ibisasu bya gisivili n’ibikoresho bimwe na bimwe byo kuzamura no guterura umugozi. Nk’ibikinisho, ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga, ibikoresho byo kwirinda umuntu ku giti cye, imashini, ibikoresho by’ubwubatsi, ibikoresho bya gazi, amato y’imyidagaduro n’ay’abantu ku giti cyabo, amato y’umuvuduko w’amashanyarazi, n’ibikoresho byo gupima. Ibigo bireba bigomba kwita ku gihe ku bipimo by’ibicuruzwa no kugenzura ku bipimo by’ibipimo by’ibicuruzwa bya CE muri ibi bikurikira:
https://ec.europa.eu/growth/single-market/ce-marking/manufacturers_en.
Ibicuruzwa byinshi bifite ikirango cya CE kuva ku ya 16 Nyakanga 2021 bishobora gufatwa cyangwa bigasubizwa na gasutamo; ibicuruzwa byinjiye muri gasutamo ya EU bizafatwa bigasenywa kubera ko nta makuru y’abayobozi ba EU; ibicuruzwa bimaze ku isoko bishobora kwinubirwa.
Igihe cyo kohereza: 15 Nyakanga-2021