Umushakashatsi
Amakuru aheruka gutangwa na Minisiteri y'Ubucuruzi n'Inganda ku ya 14 Gicurasi agaragaza ko ibicuruzwa biva mu Buhinde byazamutseho 53.7% ugereranyije n'umwaka wa Werurwe; kandi byageze ku kigero gitangaje cya 167% muri Mata! Ubwoko bw'ibihuza amashanyarazi, umutwe w'agapira na utugarura-rumuri tw'imodoka bigomba kwitabwaho.
Mu by’ukuri, mu 2020, Ubushinwa bwongeye kuba umufatanyabikorwa ukomeye mu bucuruzi mu Buhinde. Imibare ituruka muri Minisiteri y’Ubucuruzi n’Inganda igaragaza ko ubucuruzi rusange hagati y’ibihugu byombi n’Ubushinwa bwageze kuri miliyari 77.7 z’amadolari mu 2020, nubwo bwari buri munsi ya miliyari 85.47 z’amadolari mu 2019, Ubushinwa bwarushije Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika nk’umufatanyabikorwa wa mbere mu bucuruzi mu Buhinde.
Bitewe n’icyorezo, ibicuruzwa by’Ubuhinde byagabanutse cyane muri rusange mu 2020, cyangwa hafi 40%, ariko Ubuhinde bwatumije ibicuruzwa biva mu Bushinwa bifite miliyari 58.7 z’amadolari, bikaba ari byo bya mbere, hamwe na Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika n’ibihugu by’Abarabu byose hamwe.
Bloomberg yagize ati "New Delhi yishingikiriza cyane ku mashini zituruka mu mahanga kuruta imbaraga zayo zo gukumira ubucuruzi n'Ubushinwa,". Ubuhinde bushingiye cyane ku mashini ziremereye, ibikoresho by'itumanaho n'ibikoresho byo mu rugo.
Amitten Dupalit, umuhanga mu by'ubukungu muri Kaminuza Nkuru ya Singapuru, yagize ati: "Gukomeza kwishingikiriza ku bicuruzwa by'Ubushinwa biva mu mahanga biterwa no kubura kw'ibikoresho byo mu gihugu." Ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu Bushinwa birahendutse kandi birahagije ku buryo bishobora kuboneka vuba. Ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga ntabwo bihendutse kandi byoroshye nk'uko bimeze mu Bushinwa."
Muri Mata, icyifuzo cy’imashini zitanga umwuka wa ogisijeni, imashini zifasha guhumeka n’ibindi bikoresho byo gukumira icyorezo cyariyongereye nyuma y’uko ikirere cya kabiri cy’Ubuhinde gitangiye kwiyongera. Amakuru yashyizwe ahagaragara na Minisiteri y’Ububanyi n’Amahanga y’Ubushinwa agaragaza ko muri Mata, Ubushinwa bwohereje mu Buhinde imashini zifasha guhumeka n’imashini zifasha guhumeka zirenga 26.000, imashini zigenzura zirenga 15.000, n’ibikoresho by’imiti n’imiti bigera kuri toni 3.800. Ibigo bireba Ubushinwa byakiriye imashini zifasha guhumeka zirenga 70.000 zo mu Buhinde.
Ambasaderi w’Ubushinwa mu Buhinde, Sun Weidong, yashyize ahagaragara ubutumwa ku mbuga nkoranyambaga ku ya 2 Gicurasi, avuga ku kazi k’amasaha y’inyongera k’abakora imashini zikora umwuka wa ogisijeni mu Bushinwa mu biruhuko bya Gicurasi.
Nk’uko urubuga rwa Made-in-China.com rubitangaza, kuva muri Werurwe, abasura Ubuhinde biyongereyeho 21.4% ugereranyije n’umwaka ushize na 16.3%; ibibazo byiyongereyeho 15.8% ugereranyije n’umwaka ushize na 9.3% muri icyo gihe.
Muri bo,
Iterambere ry'ibicuruzwa by'ubuzima n'ubuvuzi ryabaye ku kigero cya 91% mu kwezi kwa 4 - Gicurasi,
Imashini ya ogisijeni (Oxygen Generator) yanaturitseho 1114%;
Iterambere rya Ogisijeni rikomeza kwiyongera kugeza kuri 837%;
Ibikoresho byo kuvura no gusana (Ibyuma byo kuvura no gusana) nabyo byageze ku kigero cya 320%.
Ibitekerezo bya mbere
Ariko, nubwo inganda zo mu Bushinwa zikora amasaha y'ikirenga kugira ngo zikore ibyo zitumiza mu Buhinde, ibitekerezo bimwe na bimwe ku mbuga nkoranyambaga birashyuha —— "India Today" iherutse gusohora "izamuka ry'ibiciro," Ubushinwa, bushyira ku rutonde inyemezabuguzi, amafoto n'ibindi byitwa "ibimenyetso", kandi buvuga abaguzi batazwi, "amasoko", buvuga ko "Ubushinwa (isosiyete) ku kibazo cy'ubuzima n'urupfu ku buzima bw'abaturage b'Ubuhinde".
Raporo yavuze ko amasosiyete yo mu Bushinwa "yagabanyije ibiciro," nk'ikirango cy'imashini zikora umwuka wa ogisijeni, cyatwaye $340 buri imwe ku ya 30 Mata, ariko ibiciro byamaze kuzamuka bigera ku $460 ku ya 12 Gicurasi. Kandi ukuri ni uko amasosiyete ari mu nganda zikora imashini za ogisijeni ubu arimo guhangana n'ibiciro bizamuka cyane, kandi inganda nta cyo zikora.
Imashini ikora umwuka wa ogisijeni ya litiro 5 muri uru ruganda ubu igura hafi amayuan 3,000, ariko bamwe mu bakiriya b’Abahinde barahenze cyane. Bamwe mu bakiriya b’Abahinde ndetse bizera ko amasosiyete y’Abashinwa azamura ibiciro nkana iyo icyifuzo cy’Abahinde cyiyongereye, bityo bagakomeza gucuruza kenshi.
Igiciro cy'icyuma gitanga umwuka wa ogisijeni ku isoko ry'Ubuhinde cyashyizwe ku "mafaranga amagana cyangwa ndetse n'ibihumbi amagana by'amarupi". Ariko "abahuza" batanga itandukaniro si ngombwa nk'uko Abahinde babitekereza.
Nk’uko raporo ya polisi ya Delhi ibivuga, bataye muri yombi abayobozi babiri n’abakozi batatu ba Indian Matrix bashinjwa uburiganya no kutubahiriza Itegeko ry’Icyorezo n’Itegeko ry’Ibicuruzwa by’ibanze. Polisi ivuga ko iyi sosiyete izagurisha imashini zisaga 7,000 za ogisijeni zaguzwe mu Bushinwa n’ahandi ku barwayi 19 ba COVID ku giciro cyo hejuru.
Ingaruka
Abaguzi b'Abahinde bazwiho kuba ingorabahizi, ariko ubucuruzi bukomeye n'Ubuhinde ni uko amategeko y'Ubuhinde yemerera abatumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga kutishyura; kugarura ibicuruzwa mu Buhinde ntibishoboka. Bityo rero ingaruka mbi cyane zoherezwa mu Buhinde zishobora kuba —— cyamunara ya hysteresis irimo amafaranga y'ubusa.
"Kudatanga amafaranga" mu Buhinde byemewe n'amategeko, nk'uko umugani wa Cantonese uvuga ko —— ibicuruzwa byapfiriye hasi. Mu buryo bwa tekiniki:
IGM (imenyekanisha ry’imizigo risabwa iminsi 3 mbere y’uko itangwa) kandi iyo kode y’utumiza ibicuruzwa (inomero ya IEC) imaze kugaragazwa, utumiza ibicuruzwa; nyiri ibicuruzwa, cyangwa ikigo gishinzwe gutwara ibicuruzwa ntibishobora kugenzura imizigo, hakurikijwe FOB cyangwa CIF, cyangwa niba "KU BWITEGANYIRIJE UMUSHIRA" (inyemezabwishyu y’imizigo iyobowe), yaba agarutse cyangwa atayigarutseho, yaba L/C, D/P cyangwa T/T, utumiza ibicuruzwa mu Buhinde, hanyuma agategereza cyamunara ya gasutamo. Muri cyamunara ya gasutamo, utumiza ibicuruzwa azabanza kumenyeshwa, kuko inyemezabwishyu y’imizigo ari iy’umuntu wa mbere utuye mu gace runaka!
Bamwe mu bashyitsi b'Abahinde batarangwa n'uburyarya bazabyaza umusaruro kugira ngo bareke uburenganzira bwo kwishyura gasutamo ku misoro bukabije.
Kubera iyo mpamvu, nubwo hari ibyo gutumiza mu byiciro bimwe na bimwe ku isoko ry’Ubuhinde bishyushye muri iki gihe, abashoramari b’Abashinwa baracyakeneye kwitondera ingaruka nyinshi zo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu Buhinde.
Gukuraho ibyago. Icyorezo mu Buhinde gikomeje kwiyongera, bigatuma habaho inzitizi zitandukanye ndetse n'inganda zimwe na zimwe z'ibyambu n'ibikoresho, kandi inzira yo kubikuraho ishobora guhagarikwa.
Ihungabana ry'ivunjisha. Amadorari y'Ubuhinde yazamutseho gato ugereranyije n'idorari kuva muri Mutarama kugeza muri Werurwe, ariko yabaye ifaranga ribi cyane ku isi muri Mata, rigabanuka hafi 4% ugereranyije n'idorari. Iyo ifaranga ry'igihugu rigabanutse cyane kandi mu buryo butunguranye, rizaba ryiza mu kohereza no gutumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga, kandi ikiguzi cyo gutumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga kiziyongera.
Ingaruka zo gukomeza gukora ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi. Abarenga 50 ku ijana by’ibigo byo mu Buhinde babajijwe bavuze ko inyungu zabo zagabanutseho 20 - 50 ku ijana kugeza ubu, nk'uko ubushakashatsi bubivuga. Uko ibigo bito, niko ingaruka zirushaho kuba mbi. Nk'uko S & P ibivuga, umubare w’inguzanyo zidatanga umusaruro mu mabanki yo mu Buhinde uzaba 12%, igihugu kibi kurusha ibindi ku isi. Kandi uwo mubare ushobora gukomeza kwiyongera uko icyorezo cyakomezaga kwiyongera.
Ingaruka z'amarangamutima. Bigaragara kandi mu nkuru iri hejuru ko amarangamutima y'abaturage b'Abahinde ku Bushinwa ari "akeye". Nyuma y'icyorezo cya mbere cyabaye mu Buhinde umwaka ushize, abaturage bashishikarijwe "kwanga" Byakozwe mu Bushinwa. Uko icyorezo n'ihungabana ry'ubukungu birushaho kwiyongera, niko icyifuzo cy'uko Ubuhinde buhindura icyibandwaho cy'amakimbirane yo mu ngo kirushaho kwiyongera.
Ibibazo bikomeye. Vuba aha, umukozi w’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga yambwiye ko abakiriya banjye bose b’Abahinde (batatanye mu mijyi itandukanye) banduye COVID-19. Abagurisha benshi banahangayikishijwe n’uko mu gihe ibintu bikomeye "ibicuruzwa byageze, abantu baratakaye", cyangwa urwitwazo rw’umuguzi rw’uburwayi n’ubura, maze bakanga kwishyura amafaranga ya nyuma.
Ingaruka z'ibinyugunyugu. Kubera COVID-19, inganda z'ubwikorezi zaguye mu kibazo gikomeye cyane cy'impinduka mu mihindagurikire y'abasare nyuma y'Intambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose. Ubuhinde ni kimwe mu bikomoka ku basare benshi, kandi mu basare barenga miliyoni 200.7 ku isi bakomoka mu Buhinde. Icyorezo cyadutse mu Buhinde cyongereye ibura ry'abasare. Byongeye kandi, bimwe mu bihugu n'uturere byashyizeho amategeko akaze yo gukumira icyorezo ku bwato n'abakozi bakora mu nzira z'ubwikorezi mu Buhinde, bituma amasosiyete menshi y'ubwikorezi ashyirwaho igitutu cyo guhindura abasare. Mark O'Neil, perezida w'Ishyirahamwe Mpuzamahanga ry'Abayobozi b'Amato, na we yaburiye ko ingaruka zo guhagarika umuyoboro wa Suez wo muri Werurwe ku ruhererekane rw'ibicuruzwa ku isi zishobora gufatwa nk' "izoroheje" ugereranije n'ikibazo cy'impinduka mu mihindagurikire y'abasare.
Iri soko, rihora ari "akaga" n' "imashini" bibana.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-25-2021