Uhlengahlengiso oluqhelekileyo oluqhelekileyo luthatha ixesha elide, ukucela ibhanki ecacisayo ukuba ibalwe ngobuchule.
Umnini wenqanawa uza kubhengeza umndilili oqhelekileyo ngexesha elifanelekileyo lokufika kwizibuko lokuqala emva komndilili oqhelekileyo aze azise imithwalo kunye nomshwalense wenqanawa. Ukuba unengozi efanayo, nceda uxele kwinkampani yeinshorensi ngokukhawuleza, umamele iingcebiso zabo zobungcali, kwaye inkampani yeinshorensi iza kuthatha indawo. Iziqhagamsheli zeNtloko, Iibhloko zeTerminal kwaye Izinto zokubonakalisa iibhayisekile intsimi yindlela efanayo yokwenza.
Inqanawa kunye nomlungisi badla ngokufuna ukuba impahla inike isiqinisekiso esiqhelekileyo kwaye isayine isivumelwano esiqhelekileyo ngaphambi kokuba ifike. Ngokuphathelele uhlobo lokhuseleko, kwiimpahla ezikhuselweyo, inqanawa kunye nomlungisi badla ngokuzamkela ileta yesiqinisekiso esiqhelekileyo esayinwe yinkampani yeinshorensi, ngelixa iimpahla ezingenayo i-inshorensi zidla ngokufuna ukuba iimpahla zinike umlungisi umda oqhelekileyo oqhelekileyo (ukuba umthengi okanye umthengisi akafuni ukuhlawula imbuyekezo okanye umda kwaye umthengisi akazithathi iimpahla, iimpahla ziya kuthengiselwa ifandesi ukuze zigubungele umda oqhelekileyo). Ukongeza, inqanawa idla ngokufuna ukuba umthwalo unike amaxwebhu afanelekileyo ukungqina ixabiso lempahla.
Iqela lemithwalo kufuneka liqinisekise ngoko nangoko imeko yeempahla kwinkampani yokuthutha impahla, ligcine ubungqina ngalo mba, libuze ngendawo yokuqala eya kuyo inqanawa, lilungiselele uhlolo ngexesha, kwaye likwazi ukuphathisa umthumeli ukuba ancede iimpahla ukuya kwizibuko elimiselweyo apho ziya khona kwasekuqaleni. Zinganciphisa ilahleko ezingeyomfuneko.
Xa kungekho zibakala nobungqina bokuba umndilili oqhelekileyo awunakuqinisekiswa, inkampani yeinshorensi okanye iarhente yokuhlola kufuneka inike isiqinisekiso somndilili oqhelekileyo kwinqanawa ngokukhawuleza ize incamathisele ixabiso leempahla ngaxeshanye, Ukuze kungabikho siqinisekiso sokuhanjiswa kweempahla ezigcinwe ngexesha okanye ezingafanelekanga yinqanawa.
Ngokubanzi, ukuze iimpahla zifikelele kumntu othunyelweyo ngokukhawuleza kwaye kuncitshiswe ukulibaziseka okungeyomfuneko, icala lempahla libonelela ngesiqinisekiso esiqhelekileyo ngokukhawuleza. Emva kokuba uhlengahlengiso lugqityiwe, uvavanyo oluqhelekileyo olubi luya kuhlawulwa emva kokuhlolwa nokuvunywa kwengxelo yohlengahlengiso.
Akukho nto ithethwayo, thenga i-inshorensi!
Kwi-inshorensi yolwandle, i-inshorensi nxamnye "nazo zonke iingozi" yeyona ilula kakhulu. Inkonzo yayo yi-FPA, i-WPA kunye neempahla ezikhuselweyo ezithuthwayo ngenxa yezizathu zangaphandle ezibangelwa yilahleko yonke okanye inxalenye yayo. Izizathu zangaphandle zibhekisa kuphela kubusela, ukuhanjiswa kweempahla, imvula yamanzi acocekileyo, ukufutshane, ukuxuba, ukubola, ukuvuza, umonakalo, incasa yentambo, ukufuma kunye nobushushu, umonakalo wehoko, ukuqhekeka kwepakethe, umonakalo womhlwa.
Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ugwayimbo kunye neengozi zemfazwe azifakwanga kuzo zonke iingozi, ngoko ke iingozi ezongezelelweyo zingathengwa ukuba zithunyelwa kwiindawo ezidlakazwe yimfazwe okanye kumazwe athanda ugwayimbo, njengeIndiya kunye noMzantsi Melika.
Iprimiyamu yeinshorensi = Ixabiso le-CIF ×110% yeempahla ezithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe. Izinga lazo zonke iingozi zokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe lidla ngokuba phakathi kwe-8/10000 ukuya kwi-3/1000. Kwabaninzi abathumeli, isenokuba ngamakhulu eedola. Musa ukubeka umngcipheko omkhulu ukuze wonge le mali.
Ngubani ke oza kuhlawula i-inshurensi? Kuxhomekeke ekubeni usebenzisa liphi ixesha lorhwebo.
Kukho uhlobo olulula nolulula lokuqokelela:
Nantsi ingcaciso yemigaqo yeCIF esetyenziswa kakhulu:
I-CIF
Iindleko, i-inshurensi kunye nempahla, Umthengisi uphatha i-inshurensi yempahla yomthengi kwaye uhlawula iprimiyamu ye-inshurensi. Ukuba umthengi nomthengisi abavumelani ngemingcipheko ethile, umthengisi kufuneka afumane kuphela ubuncinci be-inshurensi. Ukuba umthengi ucela i-inshurensi eyongezelelweyo yemfazwe, umthengisi uya kuyiqinisekisa i-inshurensi ngeendleko zomthengi.
I-CIF yenye yamagama asetyenziswa kakhulu kurhwebo. Ukuba uyayenza i-CIF, kodwa ungayithengi i-inshurensi ngequbuliso, ungavuma kuphela, kufuneka uhlawule umyinge oqhelekileyo, kwaye unokujongana namabango avela kwiindwendwe. Ngoba? Ukuba uthenga i-inshurensi, wena mncinci onomqwebedu ongabizi kakhulu awuthenganga, uthi ngubani?
Kukwakho nemeko ekufuneka uyiqwalasele, ezinye iindwendwe zityibilika kakhulu, ngokucacileyo zithetha nawe nge-FOB, kodwa zifuna wenze i-CIF, masithi zikuvumela ukuba ufumane umntu oza kuzithumela echwebeni lazo, kodwa undwendwe luhlawule kuphela umthwalo, alukunikanga i-inshurensi. Okwangoku ukuba ucinga ukuba oko kuthetha ngexabiso le-FOB, i-inshurensi ayinanto yakwenza nawe, awuthengi i-inshurensi, kodwa into yokwenyani iseyeyakho. Uyabona, lo ngundwendwe olukugqithiselo lomngcipheko! Ukuba undwendwe lucela njalo, ucele kuye umthwalo kunye ne-inshurensi.
I-CIP
Inqwelo kunye ne-inshurensi ehlawulwe kwi
Umthengisi uhambisa iimpahla kumphathi wempahla otyunjiweyo, apho umthengisi kufuneka ahlawule imithwalo ukuya kwindawo aya kuyo aze aqinisekise umthengi ukuba akalahlekelwa okanye akanonakala kwiimpahla ezisendleleni. Oko kukuthi, umthengi uthwala zonke iingozi kunye neendleko ezongezelelweyo emva kokuba umthengisi ezithumele.
I-FOB
Phantsi kwemigaqo ye-FOB (Free On Board) okanye i-CFR (Cost and Freight), kuya kuchazwa ukuba umthengi uya kuqinisekisa (ukuba igutyungelwe ngabathengi), kwaye umthengisi uya kwazisa umthengi ngolwazi lwempahla kwangoko nje ukuba ukuthunyelwa kulungiselelwe, kwaye umthengi uya kugqiba ukuba uya kuyithenga na i-inshurensi ngokubona kwakhe, ukuze kuthintelwe ingxabano enokwenzeka emva koko.
Umntu othengisa kwamanye amazwe wabelane nathi ngomsebenzi womthengi wakhe wokudibanisa: ixabiso lisekelwe kwi-FOB, kodwa uza kuhlawula umthengisi umthwalo wolwandle kunye nentlawulo kunye aze avumele uxwebhu lubonise i-CIF ngokupheleleyo. Umthengisi wayecinga ukuba akukho lahleko kwisithembiso, wavuma amavoti ambalwa, ngoku kubonakala ngathi uyala. Enyanisweni, lo msebenzi kufuneka ulahlwe, kungenjalo umngcipheko uza kuba ngowomthengisi.
Kwaye ukuba wenza i-FOB, kodwa intlawulo yokugqibela ayihlawulwanga, nokuba umthengi uthenga i-inshurensi, mhlawumbi uya kuba nomthengisi ukuze athwale ilahleko.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Disemba-18-2020