Ku ya 7 Kamena, Freightwaves yasohoye inyandiko yashyizweho umukono na Henry Byers, isesengura impamvu nyinshi zituma icyifuzo cy’ibicuruzwa biva muri Amerika kigabanuka, ibyo bikaba bikwiye gusobanurwa n’ibigo bitumiza n’ibitumiza mu mahanga. Utugarura-mucyo (Reflex Reflectors), Ibikoresho bihuza ibyuma bya Terminal Block
na Igihuza cy'amapine 4 bigomba kwitabwaho.
Amakuru aheruka kugaragara ku bijyanye no gutumiza amakontena agaragaza ko nubwo urwego rwo mu 2022 rwari rukomeye mu mezi atanu ya mbere ya 2022. Kubera ko ubushobozi bwo gutwara amakontena hirya no hino mu nyanja ya Pasifika bukomeje kuba bwiza, Freightos (Icyitonderwa: Uburyo bwo gutumiza amakontena ku isi no kwishyura) yagaragaje ko ibiciro by’amakontena byagabanutseho 38% buri kwezi bigera ku madolari 9,630.
Nubwo kohereza imizigo bizarushaho kwiyongera mu nyungu zo gutwara imizigo, amasosiyete y’amakamyo yo muri Amerika n’abatanga ibicuruzwa bihuza uturere bashobora gutangira kubona igabanuka ry’ibicuruzwa.
Imiterere y’ibiciro by’abaguzi iri kugenda ihinduka ku rugero rwa mbere y’icyorezo, mu gihe abacuruzi bo muri Amerika barimo kugerwaho n’ibintu byinshi cyane. Imigabane yagabanutse kuwa kabiri mu gitondo nyuma y’uko abayobozi b’ibigo bavuze ko bazatanga igabanyirizwa ry’ibiciro, bagahagarika ibyo bategetse kugura no kugira icyo bakora vuba kugira ngo bakureho ibintu byinshi byasigaye.
Ibi kandi byatumye 36% by'igabanuka ry'ibicuruzwa by'amakontenari bya Amerika biva mu bindi bihugu byose, haba umwaka ku wundi, cyangwa bigasubira ku rwego rw'impeshyi rwa 2020. None se ni iki cyateye igabanuka ritunguranye ry'ibicuruzwa by'amakontenari? Ibintu bikurikira bihuriweho bisobanuye igabanuka ritunguranye ry'imibare.
byinshi cyane
Impamvu nyamukuru ni umubare munini w’imigabane yo muri Amerika. Ibi biterwa n’amasosiyete agerageza kuzuza igice kinini cy’ububiko bwarangiye mu 2021, mu gihe anashaka kugumana ububiko buhagije kugira ngo ahangane n’ibindi bibazo bishobora kubaho. Izi mpungenge zarushijeho kwiyongera bitewe n’inshuro nyinshi zagiye zishyirwaho mu gihe cyo gufunga imizigo, ariko ingaruka za politiki zagaragaye ko ziyongera nyuma y’intambara mu minsi irenga 100 ishize; amasosiyete yafashe icyemezo, cyaba cyiza cyangwa kibi kuruta guhura n’ikibazo cy’ubwiyongere butunguranye bw’abaguzi n’ibicuruzwa mu mahanga.
Niba rero icyerekezo cy’abaguzi ubu kirimo kuva ku bicuruzwa bijya ku bitangwa, izi sosiyete zikora ibicuruzwa zishobora gufatirwa mu kubika ibintu byinshi cyangwa ku bicuruzwa bitari byo kugira ngo zibone uburyo bwo kugurisha. Gukusanya ibicuruzwa bizagabanya umuvuduko mu byo gutumiza ibicuruzwa bishya, bityo bikongera ihungabana tubona ku busabe bw’ibicuruzwa bitumizwa muri Amerika. Ku wa kabiri, Target yatangaje gahunda "ikaze" yo kugabanya ibicuruzwa yibanda ku guhagarika ibyo bicuruzwa no kumenyekanisha ibiciro.
Hejuru, hagaragara ububiko bw'ibintu buri kwiyongera, naho hepfo hagaragaza ko ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga bigabanuka, abacuruzi nabo barimo kugabanya umuvuduko w'imiyoboro yabo nyuma y'uko ubwiyongere bw'imizigo buheruka bwibasiye inkombe za Amerika.
Abaguzi barimo gukandamizwa
Uko izamuka ry’ibiciro rikomeza kwiyongera n’ibiciro bikarushaho kuba bihenze, abaguzi basa n’aho barushaho kuba babi. Muri iki cyumweru gusa, AAA (inyandiko y’umwanditsi: Ishyirahamwe ry’Abamotari b’Abanyamerika, AAA) yatangaje ko izamuka rishya rya $4.51 kuri galoni.
Bamwe mu bahanga mu by'ubukungu bavuga ko dushobora guhura n' "agahenge mu izamuka ry'ibiciro" mu gihe Fed itangiye kuzamura inyungu no kugabanya ingengo y'imari yayo. Ariko, nubwo izamuka ry'ibiciro ryatangira kugabanuka, abaguzi bashobora kugerwaho n'ingaruka zikomeye z'inyungu nyinshi bitewe no gukoresha inguzanyo, bishobora kongera uburemere bw'ibikenewe n'amafaranga akoreshwa mu buryo buboneye.
Ikoreshwa ry’amakarita y’inguzanyo ryihuta cyane uko igipimo cy’ubwizigame ku giti cy’umuntu gikomeje kugabanuka kandi kigenda kigera ku gipimo cy’inyungu gito cyane (isomwa rya nyuma ni 4.4) kuva ku ihungabana rikomeye ry’ubukungu (4.5 muri Kanama 2009). Dore uburyo bubiri bwo gusobanura igipimo cy’ubwizigame kiri hasi cyane: abaguzi baba bizeye cyane kandi biteguye gukoresha amafaranga, cyangwa bakoresha buri dolari bafite kugira ngo babone ibibatunga bitewe n’izamuka ry’ibiciro.—— Biragoye kwiyumvisha ko amafaranga abaguzi bakoresha yiyongera muri iki gihe.
Ikibabaje ni uko izamuka ry’ibiciro by’ingufu n’ibiribwa bitazi cyangwa ngo bitaye ku kuntu amafaranga y’abaguzi b’Abanyamerika ahagaze —— uburyo izamuka ry’ibiciro muri izi nganda riterwa n’ihindagurika ry’ibicuruzwa, atari ugushaka ibikenewe. Ikindi kintu cyo kuzirikana ni uko umuvuduko w’izamuka ry’ibiciro by’abakora ibicuruzwa byagiye biruta ibiciro by’abaguzi, bityo bamwe mu bakora ibicuruzwa bashobora kuba bagihura n’izamuka ry’ibiciro, ariko ntibarabigeza ku baguzi.
Nubwo inguzanyo yose igenda yishyurwa imaze kugera ku rwego rwa mbere y’icyorezo, irimo kwihuta, kandi niba ibiciro bikomeje kuzamuka, ni byiza kwitega ko inguzanyo igenda yishyurwa nayo izazamuka.
Urebye bwa mbere, imbonerahamwe y'ubucuruzi (imbonerahamwe iri hepfo) ishobora kwemeza ko ibicuruzwa biri kwiyongera, ariko ibuka ko ibi bipimirwa mu madolari make, bitahinduwe bitewe n'izamuka ry'ibiciro, kandi bigaragaza ibiciro biri hejuru by'ibicuruzwa -- ntabwo ari imbaraga z'ubukungu cyangwa kwihangana kw'abaguzi. Amasosiyete akora ibicuruzwa si yo yonyine, kandi amasosiyete akora serivisi n'ikoranabuhanga na yo azahura n'igitutu mu mezi ari imbere, kandi kugurisha imigabane bishobora gutuma abakozi birukanwa.
Tugenda tubona ibimenyetso byinshi byerekana ko ibyo abaguzi bo muri Amerika bakeneye birimo kwangirika kandi ko umubare w'ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga uzagabanuka cyane ukagera hafi ku rwego rwo mu 2019, bityo ubucuruzi hagati ya Amerika na Sino-Amerika bugizwe n'ibicuruzwa byinshi bukwiye kwigwaho.
Urebye umubare w’ibyambu byose biva mu Bushinwa bijya muri Amerika, tubona ko urujya n’uruza rw’abantu rugabanuka uvuye ku "gihe cy’umusaruro" cyo muri Nzeri 2021 kugeza kuwa Kabiri (ubu rwagabanutseho 51% ugereranyije n’igihe cy’umusaruro). Nubwo mu mateka (mbere y’intambara y’ubucuruzi / icyorezo), mu mpera za Werurwe kugeza mu ntangiriro za Gicurasi ingano y’inzira y’ubucuruzi yari nke cyane, ariko kandi agomba kumenya ko guverinoma y’Ubushinwa i Shanghai n’ahandi hantu hakomeye ho gukora inganda (cyane cyane hafi ya Beijing no hafi y’icyambu kinini cya Tianjin) ingamba zo gukumira no gukumira icyorezo no gukumira nabyo byazamuye igabanuka ry’umubare w’imodoka.
Nubwo hari inzitizi, igabanuka ry’urujya n’uruza rw’abantu ku nzira nkuru y’ubucuruzi risa nkaho ridashobora kubura muri 2022, kuko ubwinshi bw’imodoka hagati y’Ubushinwa n’Ubushinwa buri ku rwego rudasanzwe kandi rudashoboka muri 2021. Ubu, kubera ko Ubushinwa bugiye gufungura, bamwe mu bakurikirana inganda basabye ko "hakongerwa umubare w’imodoka zitwara ibicuruzwa," ariko bigaragara ko ihungabana ry’ubusabe bw’ibicuruzwa ryagize ingaruka zikomeye ku nzira y’ubucuruzi.
Nta na rimwe mbere hose, "umuvuduko w'ibigega"
Ibyinshi mu "kwiyongera kw'ibicuruzwa" byari byitezwe bivuye i Shanghai (bifatwa nk'ibirarane mu gihe cyo kuziba) bisa nkaho byavuye ku cyambu cya Ningbo. Bitewe n'amabwiriza yo mu gihugu imbere (ni ukuvuga gufunga imihanda), kwinjira ku cyambu byarafunzwe cyane, kandi abohereza ibicuruzwa bahise bahindura uburyo bwo gutwara abantu binyuze mu cyambu kinini cyegereye icyambu. Igabanuka ry'ubwikorezi bushya (n'ubwinshi bw'imizigo) kuva aho Shanghai ifungiye mu mpera za Werurwe ryagabanijwe n'ubwiyongere bw'ibicuruzwa byavanywe i Ningbo. Kubera ko abohereza ibicuruzwa bihutira kubisohora, ibi binatuma igihe cyo gutanga ibicuruzwa kigera ku rwego rwo hasi cyane.
Nubwo Shanghai yongeye gufungura, umubare w’amakontineri ava mu Bushinwa ajya muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika ukomeje kugabanuka, kandi koroshya ingamba nshya zo kurwanya coronavirus byonyine ntibishoboka ko bizayihindura. Ku bijyanye n’amakuru aheruka, niba iri ari "izamuka ry’amakontineri" kuva ku byambu bya Shanghai kugera muri Amerika ubwo ryafungurwaga kuwa gatatu ushize, ibi ni bike cyane ugereranije n’ibyo twabonye kuva Shanghai kugera muri Amerika mu mezi 18-22 ashize. Iri "zamuka" rishobora guhinduka byoroshye mu makuru yacu yo gutumiza mu byumweru biri imbere, kandi niba icyifuzo cyagabanutse, nta gushidikanya ko kizagaragara muri ryo, ariko kuva kuwa kabiri ushize, ntabwo ryashyizwe mu bikorwa mu buryo bugaragara.
Igabanuka rihoraho ry’ubwinshi bw’imodoka ziva mu Bushinwa zijya muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika naryo ryagabanyije cyane igipimo cy’ubwikorezi bw’imodoka zitwara imizigo mu buryo butaziguye uhereye ku rwego rw’ubusabe. Kubera ko ubushobozi bwakomeje kuba bwiza mu byumweru bya mbere nyuma yo guhagarika akazi (nyuma ya 28 Werurwe), ibiciro by’imodoka byagabanutse ku giciro cy’imodoka mu Bushinwa / Aziya y’Iburasirazuba-Iburasirazuba-Uburengerazuba bw’inkombe z’imizigo za Freightos Baltic (41% kuri FEU buri kwezi kugeza ku madolari 9,630 kuri FEU, na 36% kugeza ku madolari 11,907 kuri FEU). Ku bohereza imizigo bafite ikibazo cyo kuzamuka kw’imodoka mu 2021, tugomba kwibuka ko ibiciro by’imodoka zitwara imizigo biriyongera buri mwaka (73% ku nkombe y’Iburengerazuba na 59% ku nkombe y’Iburasirazuba).
Niba ubwikorezi bukomeje kugabanuka muri Kamena, twiteze ko ibiciro by'ubwikorezi mu nzira y'ubucuruzi bizagabanuka, ariko amasosiyete yo gutwara indege ashobora gukora cyane kurusha mbere hose kugira ngo agerageze kurinda inyungu zayo nini cyane. Bamaze kugabanya ubushobozi bw'inzira zikomeye z'ubucuruzi bahagarika inzira no kugabanya amato, ariko niba kugabanuka kw'ubwikorezi kwihuta mu byumweru biri imbere, dushobora kubona ko ubufatanye bw'amato buzageragezwa n'imbaraga n'ubugenzuzi bitigeze bibaho.
Niba ibiciro by’imizigo bitangiye kugabanuka cyane, ni ibintu bifatika gukeka ko amasosiyete y’ubwikorezi atarahuza ibikorwa byayo byinshi n’amasezerano y’igihe kirekire azagabanya cyane ibiciro byayo kugira ngo ashobore guhangana ku isoko ry’ubucuruzi.
Igishimishije ni uko ibiganiro biheruka by’abakozi ku cyambu byabereye ku cyambu cya Long Beach i Los Angeles mu 2014-2015 byateje ikibazo cy’ihindagurika ry’ibicuruzwa (byatumye ububiko bw’ibikoresho muri Amerika bwiyongera), binatera ikibazo nk’icyo. Ibi bishobora kugaragara nk’ibidashoboka nyuma y’umwaka w’ubwinshi bw’ibintu, ariko kugabanuka gukomeye kw’ibiciro by’ibikoresho bishobora gutuma habaho ivugurura cyangwa kuvugurura ubufatanye bw’ubu bukorera mu mazi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kamena-23-2022