Ukuxinana okukhulu kwizibuko kuphambukise iinkampani zokuthutha imithwalo kwamanye amazibuko, kwaye iinkampani ezininzi zokuthutha imithwalo zibhengeze ukuba iinkonzo ezintsha ze-trans-Pacific azisaxhonywa eLos Angeles-Long Beach. Ibhloko yesixhumi sesiphelo, isixhumi seqokobhe elincinci elijikelezileyo kwaye izibonisi zelori kufuneka kuqatshelwe.
Ukusukela ekuqaleni kokuxinana komgca wase-United States, kude kube ngoku akukasuswa, kodwa kukho umkhwa okhulayo, kwaye ngexesha elitsha lokubhida isivumelwano sonyaka e-United States, amazinga okuthunyelwa kweekhonteyina anyukile kwakhona.
Nangona imfuno enkulu yokungenisa impahla eqhubeka nokunyuka kwimarike yaseMelika iyaqhubeka nokuvala amazibuko abalulekileyo afana neLos Angeles neLong Beach, kwaye ukusilela kweenqanawa ezikwizibuko kuya kuthatha ubuncinane inyanga ukuba ziphele. Kodwa imithwalo kunye nokuxinana kwempahla kuyanda kwaye inzuzo inkulu.
Kubikwa ukuba, iinqanawa ezili-15 eziphambili zase-Asia ezithunyelwa e-US ziyaqhubeka zilawulwa yimibutho emikhulu yokuthumela imithwalo, kodwa iinkampani ezincinci ezizimeleyo nazo zifumene isabelo esithile semarike. Ngo-2020, i-16.56 yezigidi ze-TEU, ezithunyelwe yi-United States zivela e-Asia nge-4.1% ngaphezulu kowama-2019, Iinkampani ezintlanu eziphambili zokuthumela imithwalo zenze i-68.10% yomthamo, Iinkampani ezili-15 eziphambili zokuthumela imithwalo zenze i-99.7% yomthamo.
I-Zim kunye ne-Matson ye-2 M alliance (Maersk MSC) kunye nabathengi abancinci abajolise kwi-e-commerce abawela imida ngabona baphumelele kakhulu, ngaphezulu kakhulu komndilili wemarike:
Isabelo semarike sikaMatson Mason sikhule ukusuka kwi-0.7% ngo-2019 ukuya kwi-1.2% ngo-2020, ngenxa yokunyuka kwe-92.6%;
Isabelo semarike yeZim Estar sinyuke ukusuka kwi-3.2% ukuya kwi-3.8%, umthamo unyuke nge-23.5%;
Umthamo wolwandle wezigidi zeWan Hai unyuke nge-11.6%, ugcine isabelo semarike se-1.0%;
Isabelo semarike yokuthunyelwa kwempahla eMediterranean ye-MSC sinyuke ukusuka kwi-7.6 ekhulwini ukuya kwi-9.0 ekhulwini, nto leyo ezuze ukukhula kwe-23.6 ekhulwini kwinani leenqanawa zase-Asia-United States;
Umthamo woMgca waseMaersk Maersk nawo unyuke nge-19.4 ekhulwini, isabelo semarike sinyuke ukusuka kwi-9.4 ekhulwini ukuya kwi-10.8 ekhulwini;
I-Union ilawula i-43.7% yesabelo semarike, ibala ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe okokuqala, okwesibini nokwesine ngobukhulu e-US e-Asia;
UKUTHUNYELWA KWE-COSCO OOCL Ukuthunyelwa kwe-COSCO phesheya kweelwandle, ukwanda kwe-3.7% ngonyaka, isixeko sabalelwa kwi-16.8%;
Ukukhula konyaka kwe-CMA CGM Dafei yi-4.1, isixeko sifikelele kwi-15.3;
Ukukhula kweChangrong ehlala iluhlaza unyaka nonyaka kwe-2.1, isixeko sifikelele kwi-11.6.
Phantsi kobhubhane, abathengi baseMelika banokukhetha okulinganiselweyo, ngoko ke bagxila kakhulu kwiimpahla, kungekhona kwiinkonzo.
Imfuno yabathengi yayinamandla kunokuba bekulindelwe kwaye yagcina ivenkile yokuthengisa yaseMelika iphantsi ngo-2020. Umlinganiselo wempahla ohlengahlengisiweyo njenge-barometer yemfuno yokungenisa impahla umyinge we-1.17 kunyaka ophelileyo, xa kuthelekiswa ne-1.23 ngo-2019, ngokwezibalo ezisemthethweni zase-US.
Nangona kunjalo, iinkampani ezintlanu eziphambili ze-Asia-US ezithumela impahla zibone ukwehla komthamo ngo-2020: iTaiping Shipping (PIL), iWestwood Shipping, iSM Line, iHerborot (Hapag-Lloyd) kunye ne-OceanNet (ONE).
Phakathi kokuhla okukhulu yiPIL Taiping Shipping, eyayilusizi ukurhoxa ngokupheleleyo kurhwebo lwe-trans-Pacific ngoMatshi ophelileyo.
Esi sibhengezo sithe iinqanawa ezintandathu ze-TEU ezisebenzisa igesi yendalo enyibilikayo (LNG) ezi-15000 ziza kungeniswa kwi-China-Los Angeles Peal River Express (PRX), eyona nqanawa inkulu ye-LNG kwiinqanawa zamandla kwizibuko zase-US.
Eyokuqala kwezi nqanawa zintsha, eza kuziswa ngo-Okthobha ka-2021, kulindeleke ukuba isebenze ngokupheleleyo ekupheleni kuka-2022. Kwaye kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba zonke iinqanawa ezinkulu ze-LNG zithunyelwe kwiindlela zase-Asia-Europe.
Ukuxinana kweenqanawa eMelika kusenokuqhubeka kwikota yesibini, kodwa akukho nkampani zinkulu zokuhambisa iinqanawa kulindeleke ukuba ziphume kulo mgca kulo nyaka ngenxa yelahleko ezivela ekuphumeni kwePacific.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Matshi-08-2021