Dukoresha cookies kugira ngo dukusanye amakuru ajyanye n'uko ukoresha GOV.UK. Dukoresha aya makuru kugira ngo urubuga rukore neza uko bishoboka kose no kunoza serivisi za leta.
Amatara yo hejuru, amatara yo mu mwanya, amatara yo ku manywa, amatara yo guhagarara, indanga, amatara yo kuburira ibyago, amatara y'igihu, amatara yo gusubira inyuma, "inkuru y'amatara", amasoko y'amashanyarazi ya tereli, amategeko agenga insinga n'amabati ndetse no ku modoka n'imodoka zitwara abagenzi, isuzuma rya MOT.
"Amatara y'imbere asabwa" ni amatara abiri y'imbere ahuye n'amatara abiri y'imbere ahuye n'amatara abiri y'imbere ahuye n'amatara abiri y'imbere ahuye. Aya ashobora kuba yigenga cyangwa abiri.
Bisi zakoreshejwe bwa mbere mbere y’itariki ya 1 Ukwakira 1969 zikenera amatara yo mu mutwe gusa. Iyo hashyizweho ebyiri, nta murabyo munini cyangwa umurabyo muto bigomba guhuzwa.
Ibice bikurikira bigomba kuba bifite imirasire ibiri miremire n'imirasire ibiri migufi - bishobora gushyirwa ukwabyo cyangwa bibiri bibiri:
Ubwoko bw'itara ry'imbere buzagena niba intego igomba kugenzurwa ku mutara wo hasi cyangwa umutara wo hejuru (reba Ishusho ya 1, 2 na 3).
Igihe cyose impande zose zo hejuru z'urumuri (harimo n'"inkombe") ziri mu rugero rukwiye rwo kwihanganira, hejuru harambuye cyangwa ikindi gishushanyo cy'urumuri rw'amatara yo mu mutwe gishobora gukoreshwa.
Agapfukamunwa cyangwa agakoresho ko guhindura ibintu gashobora gushyirwa ku itara ryo mu mutwe rikoreshwa mu kuboko kw'iburyo kugira ngo gahindure by'agateganyo itara rikoreshwa mu Bwongereza binyuze mu gukuraho "itara ryo gusimbuza" riri iburyo.
Iyo umushoferi agenzura imirasire y'amashanyarazi ashyizwemo, umurasire w'amashanyarazi ugomba kugeragezwa hatabayeho guhindura imiterere y'umurasire. Niba ibi bituma umurasire w'amashanyarazi udakora neza cyane, umurasire w'amashanyarazi ugomba gushyirwa ahantu "hejuru" kugira ngo wongere urebe uko umurasire w'amashanyarazi uhagaze.
Ku modoka zifite sisitemu yo gufunga amashanyarazi, moteri igomba kuba ikora iyo igenzura amatara yo hejuru.
Erekana amatara y'imodoka ukurikije amabwiriza y'uwakoze imodoka.
Ku bijyanye na sisitemu zigoye zo gukoresha lens (ni ukuvuga sisitemu z'amatara zifite amatara menshi inyuma ya lens imwe), menya neza ko ibikoresho byo gupima bihuye neza n'igice cyo hagati cy'umufuka w'urumuri rugufi.
Ntugomba gusana mu gihe cy'ikizamini cya MOT, ariko ushobora gukora impinduka nto ku itara ry'imbere.
Niba amatara y'Abongereza n'Abanyamerika afite imiterere y'umuraba w'ingenzi udafite ingano, kandi agace kayo ko hagati kakagira ubukana bwinshi, byitwa "ahantu hashyushye" kandi igenzura rikorerwa ku muraba w'ingenzi.
Muri rusange, hari kandi ikirahuri cy’uruziga cyanditseho inomero "1", gikurikirwa n’umwambi werekana icyerekezo cyo kwibiramo.
Kugira ngo itara ry’Abongereza n’Abanyamerika ritambuke, hagomba kandi gukorwa ibishoboka byose kugira ngo igice cy’ishusho kimuke cyane kijye hasi iyo cyinjijwe muri iryo tara.
Umurabyo wo hasi cyangwa umurabyo munini ugomba guhita ucanwa iyo ucanye (bitewe n'aho switch ya DIP iherereye).
Itara ry'imbere rigomba gukoreshwa rigizwe n'amatara abiri y'imbere afite imirasire miremire n'amatara abiri y'imbere afite imirasire mike. Aya matara ashobora kuba yigenga cyangwa ari abiri.
Bisi zakoreshejwe bwa mbere mbere y’itariki ya 1 Ukwakira 1969 zikenera amatara yo mu mutwe gusa. Iyo hashyizweho ebyiri, nta murabyo munini cyangwa umurabyo muto bigomba guhuzwa.
Muri sisitemu y'amatara ane, itara ryo hanze ntirikenera gutanga urumuri rw'ibara rimwe n'iry'imbere.
Aho itara riherereye si igice cy'igenzura, ariko ugomba kugenzura neza niba uburebure n'intera iri hagati y'itara n'impande z'ikinyabiziga ari bimwe.
Amatara ya halogen asanzweho ntabwo agomba guhindurwa ngo akoreshwe hamwe n'amatara ya HID. Iyo iri hinduka rikozwe, amatara ya halogen agomba gufungwa.
Ibice bikurikira bigomba kuba bifite imirasire ibiri miremire n'imirasire ibiri migufi - bishobora gushyirwa ukwabyo cyangwa bibiri bibiri:
Ibinyabiziga bifite amatara yoroshye yo gukuramo umuriro (HID) cyangwa amatara ya LED ashobora kuba afite sisitemu yo kwihuza n'amatara yo hejuru. Niba izi sisitemu zishyizweho, zigomba kuba zikora neza.
Hari igihe bigorana kumenya niba sisitemu yo kwihutisha ikora neza. Muri iki gihe, ugomba kungukirwa no gukeka.
Ibinyabiziga ntibikeneye gushyiraho amatara yo ku ruhande, bishobora no gukurwaho burundu, gusigwa irangi cyangwa gupfundikirwa. Muri iki gihe, ugomba gutanga itangazo ry'inama. Izi modoka ntizikenera amatara yo ku ruhande rw'inyuma.
Ikinyabiziga kigomba kugira amatara abiri y'imbere n'amatara abiri y'inyuma, ariko ubugari bw'imodoka ifite amapine atatu cyangwa amapine ane ni munsi ya mm 1300.
Amatara yo ku manywa (DRL) cyangwa amatara y'imbere ashobora gukoreshwa nk'amatara yo ku murongo w'imbere. Niba DRL zikoreshwa nk'amatara y'imbere, zishobora kugabanuka cyangwa ntizigame iyo amatara y'inyuma yaka, kandi zishobora kugabanuka cyangwa kuzimwa iyo amatara y'imbere yaka.
Amatara y'imbere n'ay'inyuma agomba kumurikirwa icyarimwe n'amatara y'aho yerekeza hamwe n'amatara agaragaza imiterere y'inyuma.
Amagare y'amapine atatu n'ibinyabiziga bifite ubugari buri munsi ya mm 1.300 bigomba kugira nibura itara rimwe ry'imbere n'itara rimwe ry'inyuma. Ariko, niba ubugari ntarengwa bw'ikinyabiziga burenze mm 1300, hagomba kubaho amatara abiri y'imbere n'amatara abiri y'inyuma.
Bisi zakoreshejwe bwa mbere mbere y’itariki ya 1 Mata 1955 zikenera gusa ikimenyetso cy’aho ziherereye inyuma. Itara rigomba kuba riri ahantu hatagaragara cyangwa hejuru y’umurongo.
Ugomba kugenzura amatara agaragaza imiterere y'ibinyabiziga arenga mm 2100 yakoreshejwe bwa mbere ku ya 1 Mata 1991 cyangwa nyuma yaho, hatabariwemo indorerwamo y'inyuma.
Niba amatara yo ku manywa (DRL) ashyizwe nk'ibikoresho by'umwimerere ku modoka zikoreshwa bwa mbere ku ya 1 Werurwe 2018 cyangwa nyuma yaho, ugomba kuyagenzura gusa.
Ushobora gucana itara ry'aho uhagaze ukoresheje icyuma gicana. Amatara y'aho uhagaze agomba kumurikirwa icyarimwe n'amatara ya plaque y'imodoka n'amatara yose agaragaza imiterere y'inyuma y'imodoka ashyizweho.
Amatara yo ku manywa (DRL) cyangwa amatara y'imbere ashobora gukoreshwa nk'amatara yo ku murongo w'imbere. Niba DRL zikoreshwa nk'amatara y'imbere, zishobora kugabanuka cyangwa ntizigame iyo amatara y'inyuma yaka, kandi zishobora kugabanuka cyangwa kuzimwa iyo amatara y'imbere yaka.
Iyo amatara y'imbere cyangwa amatara y'ibihu by'imbere yaka, amatara y'imbere ashobora kuzimya. Iyo ikimenyetso cy'aho giherereye gikoreshejwe hamwe n'icyerekezo, ikimenyetso cy'aho giherereye gishobora kuzimya cyangwa kutazima iyo ikimenyetso cy'icyerekezo gikwiye cyaka.
Amatara y'imbere n'ay'inyuma agomba kwaka icyarimwe n'amatara y'ikimenyetso cy'inyuma aho ashyirwa.
Niba amatara yo ku manywa (DRL) ashyizwe nk'ibikoresho by'umwimerere ku modoka zikoreshwa bwa mbere ku ya 1 Werurwe 2018 cyangwa nyuma yaho, ugomba kuyagenzura gusa.
Iyo DRL yazimijwe n'intoki, hari igihe itajya imurika kugeza igihe imodoka ikoze urugendo rw'ibirometero birenga 10 mu isaha (6.2 mph) cyangwa kugeza igihe imodoka ikoze urugendo rwa metero 100 (metero 328).
Ibinyabiziga bya gisirikare bishobora kugira icyuma gihindura imyanya myinshi kidashobora gucana amatara y'imbere n'ay'inyuma mu gihe kimwe. Ibi ntibikwiye gufatwa nk'ikosa.
Aho itara riherereye ntabwo ari mu rwego rwo kugenzura neza. Ugomba kugenzura neza niba uburebure n'intera biri hagati yabyo n'impande z'ikinyabiziga ari bimwe.
Fungura amatara yo ku ruhande n'amatara yo ku manywa, hanyuma ukoreshe andi matara yose uko bikurikirana. Reba niba amatara yo ku ruhande, amatara agaragaza imiterere y'inyuma cyangwa amatara yo ku manywa yagira ingaruka mbi.
Iyo ikimenyetso cy'aho giherereye gikoreshejwe hamwe n'icyerekezo, ikimenyetso cy'aho giherereye gishobora kuzimwa cyangwa kutazima iyo ikimenyetso cy'icyerekezo gikwiye kirabagirana.
Amatara yo ku manywa (DRL) cyangwa amatara y'imbere ashobora gukoreshwa nk'amatara yo ku murongo w'imbere. Niba DRL zikoreshwa nk'amatara y'imbere, zishobora kugabanuka cyangwa ntizigame iyo amatara y'inyuma yaka, kandi zishobora kugabanuka cyangwa kuzimwa iyo amatara y'imbere yaka.
Ibinyabiziga bifite ubugari burenga mm 2.100 ku ikoreshwa rya mbere ku ya 1 Mata 1991 cyangwa nyuma yayo bigomba kugenzura amatara agaragaza imiterere yabyo.
Ugomba kugenzura gusa amatara yo ku manywa (DRL) yashyizweho nk'ibikoresho by'umwimerere kugira ngo uyakoreshe bwa mbere ku ya 1 Werurwe 2018 cyangwa nyuma yayo.
Iyo DRL yazimijwe n'intoki, hari igihe idacana kugeza igihe imodoka igiye ku muvuduko urenze kilometero 10 ku isaha (6.2mph) cyangwa iyo imodoka igiye ku muvuduko wa metero 100 (328ft).
Imodoka zakoreshejwe bwa mbere mbere y’itariki ya 1 Mutarama 1971 zishobora gushyirwaho itara rimwe gusa, rishobora gushyirwa hagati cyangwa hanze.
Uretse ibisabwa, andi matara ya feri agomba kugeragezwa. Ariko, niba utazi neza niba ahujwe, ugomba kungukirwa no gukeka.
Nyuma yo gukandagira feri, amatara yose ya feri agomba guhita yaka, kandi agomba kuzimwa nyuma yo kurekura feri.
Imodoka zakoreshejwe bwa mbere mbere y’itariki ya 1 Mutarama 1971 zishobora gushyirwaho itara rimwe gusa. Itara rishobora gushyirwa hagati cyangwa yerekeza aho imodoka zihagarara.
Uretse ibisabwa, andi matara ya feri agomba kugeragezwa. Ariko, niba utazi neza niba ahujwe, ugomba kungukirwa no gukeka.
Imodoka zakoreshejwe bwa mbere mbere y’itariki ya 1 Nzeri 1965 zishobora kuba zifite itara rya feri n’icyerekezo cyerekana icyerekezo.
Imodoka zakoreshejwe bwa mbere mbere y’itariki ya 1 Mutarama 1971 zishobora gushyirwaho itara rimwe gusa. Itara rishobora gushyirwa hagati cyangwa yerekeza aho imodoka zihagarara.
Uretse ibisabwa, andi matara ya feri agomba kugeragezwa. Ariko, niba utazi neza niba ahujwe, ugomba kungukirwa no gukeka.
Kanda pedali ya feri kugira ngo ucane amatara ya feri, hanyuma ukoreshe andi matara yose yerekana uko ahagaze kugira ngo urebe niba amatara ya feri yangiritse cyane.
Iyo ikimenyetso cyerekana icyerekezo gikoreshejwe hamwe n'amatara ya feri cyangwa amatara y'imbere n'ay'inyuma, ibinyabiziga byakoreshejwe bwa mbere mbere y'itariki ya 1 Nzeri 1965 bishobora kuba bifite ikimenyetso cy'imbere cyera n'icy'inyuma gitukura.
Imodoka zakoreshejwe bwa mbere ku ya 1 Mata 1986 cyangwa nyuma yaho zigomba kuba zifite ibimenyetso by'ibara ry'umuhondo ku mpande zombi.
Ibipimo by'icyerekezo gikurikirana/gihindagurika ntibigomba gufatwa nk'impamvu yo gutsindwa.
Amagare atatu n'amagare ane yashyizwe mu byiciro bya mopede ntabwo akeneye amatara yo kuburira abantu ibyago. Mopede "zikomeye" gusa nizo zigomba kuba zifite icyerekezo cy'umuhanda.
Itara riburira ingaruka zishobora gukoreshwa gusa hakoreshejwe switch imwe, kandi moteri cyangwa switch yo gucana iri mu mwanya wo kuyicana no kuyizimya.
Ku binyabiziga bifite amapine atatu n'ibinyabiziga bifite amapine ane, amatara yo kubuza ingaruka agomba gukora iyo moteri ikora n'iyo moteri izimye. Ibi bishobora kugerwaho hakoreshejwe switch ya moteri ikoresha umuriro cyangwa kuzimya switch y'umuriro.
Iyo ikimenyetso cyerekana icyerekezo gikoreshejwe hamwe n'amatara ya feri cyangwa amatara y'imbere n'ay'inyuma, ibinyabiziga byakoreshejwe bwa mbere mbere y'itariki ya 1 Nzeri 1965 bishobora kuba bifite ikimenyetso cy'imbere cyera n'icy'inyuma gitukura.
Fungura icyerekezo cy'aho ibintu biherereye, hanyuma ukoreshe ibindi bimenyetso byose uko bikurikirana kugira ngo urebe niba icyerekezo cy'aho ibintu bigeze cyangiritse.
Ku modoka ifite icyerekezo n'aho iherereye byakoreshejwe bwa mbere ku ya 1 Nzeri 1965 cyangwa nyuma yaho, icyerekezo kigomba kuzimwa iyo icyerekezo kimurika. Itara ryerekana icyerekezo rigomba gusa kurabagirana nk'umuhondo, kandi nta matara y'umweru cyangwa umutuku agaragara.
Aho itara riherereye ntabwo ari mu rwego rwo kugenzura neza. Ugomba kugenzura neza niba uburebure n'intera biri hagati yabyo n'impande z'ikinyabiziga ari bimwe.
Ibipimo by'icyerekezo gikurikirana/gihindagurika ntibigomba gufatwa nk'impamvu yo gutsindwa.
Itara ry'icyerekezo rigomba kwaka inshuro 60 kugeza 120 ku munota. Ikimenyetso cy'icyerekezo cy'ubwoko bwa semaphore ntigikeneye kwaka.
Emera ko amatara y'imbere n'ay'inyuma akora adakoresheje andi matara cyangwa sisitemu zo gucana.
Itara ry'inyuma rishobora guhuzwa n'itara ry'inyuma. Emera ko amatara y'inyuma n'ay'imbere akora mu buryo butari ku yandi matara cyangwa sisitemu yo gucana. Imikorere y'itara ry'inyuma ntigomba kugira ingaruka mbi ku mikorere y'irindi tara.
Fungura amatara y'inyuma y'urumuri hanyuma ukoreshe andi matara yose uko bikurikirana kugira ngo urebe niba amatara y'inyuma y'urumuri yangiritse cyane.
Ugomba kugenzura amatara yose yo gusubira inyuma yashyizwe ku modoka zakoreshejwe bwa mbere kuva ku ya 1 Nzeri 2009, usibye imodoka zifite amapine ane n'imodoka zo mu cyiciro cya 3.
Inyuma y'itara risubira inyuma igomba kugaragaza urumuri rwera. Ku modoka zimwe na zimwe, bishobora kuba ngombwa gukoresha moteri mbere yuko amatara asubira inyuma akora.
Ugomba kugenzura amatara yose yo gusubira inyuma yashyizwe ku modoka zakoreshejwe bwa mbere kuva ku ya 1 Nzeri 2009, usibye imodoka zifite amapine ane n'imodoka zo mu cyiciro cya 3.
Inyuma y'itara risubira inyuma igomba kugaragaza urumuri rwera. Ku modoka zimwe na zimwe, bishobora kuba ngombwa gukoresha moteri mbere yuko amatara asubira inyuma akora.
Ugomba kugenzura amatara yose yo gusubira inyuma yashyizwe ku modoka zakoreshejwe bwa mbere kuva ku ya 1 Nzeri 2009, usibye imodoka zifite amapine ane n'imodoka zo mu cyiciro cya 3.
Itara ryo gusubira inyuma rigomba gukoreshwa mu buryo bwikora iyo vitesi isubira inyuma itoranijwe, kandi rikazimira iyo vitesi isubira inyuma itoranijwe.
Ku modoka zimwe na zimwe, bishobora kuba ngombwa gukoresha moteri mbere yuko amatara yo gusubira inyuma akora.
Ugomba kugenzura amatara ya plaque ku modoka zose zifite amatara y'imbere n'inyuma.
Itara ryerekana icyapa cy'imodoka rigomba kumurikira icyapa cy'inyuma. Hari imodoka zimwe zishobora kuba zifite ayo matara inyuma ya cyapa cy'imodoka.
Ugomba kugenzura amatara ya plaque ku modoka zose zifite amatara y'imbere n'inyuma.
Indorerwamo igomba gushyirwaho mu buryo bungana. Nubwo aho agakoresho k'inyuma gashyirwa inyuma gashyirwa atari mu rwego rwo kugenzura, nyamuneka reba neza niba uburebure n'intera biri hagati yabyo n'impande z'ikinyabiziga ari bimwe.
"Gutanga inkuru" ku modoka zikoresha amashanyarazi menshi birakenewe gusa ku modoka zakoreshejwe bwa mbere ku ya 1 Mata 1986 cyangwa nyuma yaho. Imodoka zo mu bwoko bwa 3 ntizigomba kugenzura amashanyarazi menshi kugira ngo zibare inkuru.
Niba nta mupira wo gukurura cyangwa agapira ko gukurura, ariko agasanduku k'inyongera karacyariho, ugomba gusuzuma niba aho umuriro ucana hari umupira wo gukurura cyangwa agapira ko gukurura:
Iyo agasanduku k'inyongera kakozwe nkana kadakwiye gukoreshwa ukundi, nta mpamvu yo gusuzuma aho umuriro usohoka.
Niba ukeneye ibikoresho cyangwa ibikoresho byihariye byo gukuraho bumper cyangwa agace k'amashanyarazi ku mubiri kugira ngo ugere kuri soketi, nta mpamvu yo gusuzuma soketi y'amashanyarazi ya trailer.
Isoko ry'amashanyarazi rya trailer ridafite inenge cyangwa ridafite aho rihuriye n'igifuniko n'impeshyi yo gufata plug ntirifatwa nk'aho ridafite inenge.
Ku modoka zifite karuneli ifite soketi y'i Burayi ifite imigozi 13, nyamuneka koresha ibikoresho byemewe kugira ngo urebe niba soketi ifite insinga kugira ngo ikore neza karuneli:
Ugomba kugenzura batiri z'imodoka zose (harimo n'izikoresha amashanyarazi n'izikoresha ikoranabuhanga rya "hybrid"). Igenzura ntirikurikizwa ku modoka zo mu cyiciro cya 3.
Ntushyiremo amakuru yawe bwite cyangwa ay'imari, nka nimero yawe y'ubwishingizi bw'igihugu cyangwa amakuru ajyanye n'ikarita yawe y'inguzanyo.
Kugira ngo tugufashe kunoza GOV.UK, twifuza kumenya byinshi ku bijyanye n'uruzinduko rwawe uyu munsi. Tuzakoherereza umurongo ugana ku ifishi yo gutanga ibitekerezo. Uzuza iminota 2 gusa. Ntugahangayike, ntabwo tuzakoherereza ubutumwa bwa spam cyangwa ngo dusangize aderesi yawe ya imeri n'undi muntu uwo ari we wese.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-22-2020