Zuwa yanzu, kayan dakon jiragen sama sun warke daga tasirin annobar. A cewar rahoton kasuwar wata-wata na IATA, adadin kayayyakin da ake jigilar su ta sama a watan Janairu ya ragu da kashi 19.5 cikin 100 idan aka kwatanta da na shekarar 2019. (Ba a ambaci bayanai ba saboda annobar a shekarar 2020). Mai haɗawa, Tubalan Tashar kuma Mai Nunin Murfin Keke ya kamata a lura.
Adireshin Tambaya: https://www.iata.org/en/iata-repository/publications/economic-reports/air-freight-monthly-analysis---january-2021/
An ruwaito cewa kasuwannin jigilar kaya na jiragen sama sun farfado a cikin yanayin V tun lokacin da suka kai ga ƙarshe a watan Afrilun 2020, yayin da ayyukan fasinjoji na kamfanonin jiragen sama ke ci gaba da tabarbarewa.
Bayanan da hukumar tattara bayanai ta CLIVE ta Landan ta fitar, wanda yawanci ya yi daidai da IATA, bai nuna ci gaba mai kyau ba sai a watan Fabrairu. Duk da cewa watan Fabrairu ya yi kasa da kwana uku da watan Janairu, yawan kaya har yanzu yana da ƙarfi sosai, inda matsakaicin ƙarfin shigar jiragen sama ya kusan kashi 70 cikin ɗari da kuma ci gaban kowane wata na kashi 7 cikin ɗari.
Farashin dukkan hanyoyin sufuri da matsalolin sarkar samar da kayayyaki ya nuna cewa kasuwar jigilar kaya ta jiragen sama za ta yi zafi da yawa a cikin shekara mai zuwa, ba tare da tsayawar bazara da bazara da ta gabata ba.
Kamfanoni da yawa suna jigilar kayayyaki daga yanayin teku zuwa iska saboda ƙaruwar buƙata, cunkoson tashoshin jiragen ruwa, tsawon lokacin jira da ƙarancin kwantena.
01 Kayayyaki da yawa "daga teku zuwa sama"
Bari mu ji abin da waɗannan masu shigo da kaya ke faɗi.
1 Manajan sufuri na mai shigo da kekuna Canyon keken Amurka ya ce:
Yawancin kayayyakin kamfaninmu ana jigilar su ne ta teku, amma kekunan da suka fi shahara suna tafiya ne ta jirgin sama, saboda annobar, buƙatarmu ta kayayyaki ta ƙaru. Bugu da ƙari, jigilar jiragen sama ta fi sauri, muna buƙatar biyan buƙatun abokan ciniki.
A da muna samun "jigilar kaya ta musamman" a tashar jiragen ruwa ta hanyar ƙarin kuɗi, amma yanzu ba lallai ba ne, domin ko a tashar jiragen ruwa ta Los Angeles, har yanzu ba za mu iya samun kayan ba.
Kafin barkewar cutar, kowace jigilar kaya ta ruwa tana ɗaukar kwanaki 20-30, amma yanzu tana ɗaukar kwanaki 60-70. Wannan ya yi mana yawa, kuma tasirin da ke kan aikinmu yana da girma, don haka ba za mu iya jira ba, za mu iya zaɓar jigilar iska kawai.
Babban Jami'in Ci Gaban Kayayyakin Sanatoci na Secco 2, Brian Bourke, ya ce:
Idan kana son aika da baho daga Shanghai zuwa New York ta jirgin ruwa, farashin ya kai kimanin dala $1000, wanda zai ɗauki kwanaki 35-45, wanda bai haɗa da lokacin jira na jigilar ruwa ba.
Kuma bisa ga nauyin kayan, jigilar kaya ta jirgin sama ta kai kimanin dala $2000-3000. Amma jigilar kaya ta jirgin sama tana ɗaukar kwanaki 3-4 ne kawai. Don haka ninki biyu na farashin zai iya adana makonni 4-7, wanda hakan yana da mahimmanci ga wasu masu samar da kayayyaki da masu shigo da kaya.
Mataimakin shugaban kamfanin jigilar jiragen sama na 3SEKO Shawn Richard ya ce:
Manyan kayan wasanni, kamar teburin wasan tennis da injinan motsa jiki, galibi ana jigilar su ta teku saboda matsalolin kuɗi. Amma yanzu, saboda annobar duniya, ana buƙatar mutane da yawa su zauna a gida, wanda hakan ke haifar da ƙaruwar buƙatar waɗannan kayayyaki, waɗanda a halin yanzu ake jigilar su ta sama.
Mataimakin shugaban 4CH Robinson Matt Castle ya ce:
Ban taɓa tunanin zan ga an ɗauko injin tsabtace injin ta iska ba, amma yanzu abin ya faru. Za mu ga ƙarin kayayyaki da ake buƙatar a yi jigilar su da sauri ana tilasta musu a yi jigilar su ta sama maimakon a "jira".
Bukatar iska har yanzu tana da zafi
Babu wata alama da ke nuna raguwar buƙatar jigilar jiragen sama.
A cewar PMI, odar masana'antu da fitarwa ta duniya ta nuna ƙaruwa mai ƙarfi tsawon watanni. Rabon kaya daga dillalai zuwa tallace-tallace har yanzu yana da ƙasa, kuma yawancin masu jigilar kaya suna komawa ga jigilar kaya ta sama don sarrafa kayan masarufi masu mahimmanci ko waɗanda ke siyarwa cikin sauri.
Ƙungiyar Dillalan Kaya ta Ƙasa ta yi hasashen cewa, tallace-tallacen dillalan Amurka za su karu da kashi 6.5% zuwa 8.2%, matsakaicin ci gaba a cikin shekaru biyar da suka gabata shine 4.5. Asusun Ba da Lamuni na Duniya ya yi tsammanin, tallace-tallacen dillalan Amurka za su karu da kashi 5.1% a shekarar 2021, in ji masana tattalin arziki, Jimlar kayayyakin cikin gida (GDP) za su karu da kashi 4.5 zuwa 5%. A cewar eMarketer da Ma'aikatar Kasuwanci ta Amurka, annobar ta mayar da kasuwancin e-commerce ya zama "jirgin ƙasa mai gudu". Ganin yadda dillalan ke ƙaruwa da kashi 28% a duk duniya, a Amurka ya karu da kashi 32.4%.
Bugu da ƙari, masana'antu da yawa sun ci gaba da buɗewa a wannan shekarar saboda gwamnatin China tana ƙarfafa ma'aikata su yi bikin Sabuwar Shekara nan take. Sakamakon haka, jigilar jiragen sama ta faɗi da kashi 30 cikin ɗari kacal, idan aka kwatanta da kashi 60 cikin ɗari bisa ga yadda aka saba. Misali, yawan ciniki daga China zuwa Turai ya ƙaru kusan sau biyar a watan Fabrairun 2021 idan aka kwatanta da wannan lokacin a bara.
Arewacin Amurka jagora ne a manyan kasuwannin jiragen sama, inda buƙatar ƙasashen duniya ta karu da kashi 8.5% a watan Janairu, daga kashi 4.4% a watan Disamba. Yawancin ayyukan ana gudanar da su ne a duk faɗin Tekun Pacific ko kuma ta cibiyoyin da ke Gabas ta Tsakiya a wajen Asiya. Ƙarfin ƙasashen duniya a yankin ya ragu da kashi 8.5%.
To idan bukatar jigilar jiragen sama ta yi zafi sosai, yaya batun jigilar jiragen sama?
03 Har yanzu jigilar kaya tana da yawa
Bayan sabuwar shekarar watan Disamba ta kasar Sin, farashin jigilar jiragen sama ya sake tashi, musamman a nahiyar Asiya.
Masu sharhi sun ce farashin ba zai faɗi ba a rabin shekara na biyu, domin kayayyakin da sauran manyan jiragen sama na ƙasashen duniya ke samarwa sun kasance ƙasa da matakan da aka ɗauka kafin barkewar cutar, kuma an yi odar jigilar kaya fiye da kima.
Masu sa ido kan kasuwa sun kwatanta jigilar jiragen sama a matsayin mai canzawa. Annobar ta canza rayuwar mutane da yanayin tattalin arziki. Don haka kwararru kan harkokin sufurin jiragen sama sun ce yana da wuya a yi zato game da alkiblar kasuwar. Bukatar shigo da kaya daga ƙasashen waje da ƙarancin jiragen sama ya ƙara yawan jigilar jiragen sama a Asiya da kashi 50% a rabin farko na watan Fabrairu.
Kamfanin SONAR na FreightWaves da sauran alamu sun nuna cewa kamfanoni yanzu suna yin rajistar kusan sau 2.5 na farashin jigilar jiragen sama a manyan hanyoyin mota idan aka kwatanta da na baya-bayan nan.
Bugu da ƙari, jigilar jiragen sama ta faɗi da kashi 30% kacal a makon farko bayan sabuwar shekarar wata, wadda ta fara a ranar 12 ga Fabrairu, kusan rabin shekaru biyu na farko na sufurin jiragen sama, domin China ba ta dakatar da aiki a wannan shekarar ba. Yawan nauyin jiragen ya ragu da kashi 1% kacal, idan aka kwatanta da kusan kashi 20% a shekarar 2019 da 2020.
Ci gaba da samar da kayayyaki ya ƙara ta'azzara cunkoson da ake samu a tashoshin jiragen ruwa a Amurka da Turai, da kuma cunkoson kayayyaki da ake ci gaba da samu a tashoshin jiragen ruwa da dama a Amurka da Turai. An yi rajistar jiragen ruwa na teku gaba ɗaya kuma babu isassun kwantena da za su iya biyan buƙatun kamfanoni da yawa.
Wannan ya haifar da farashin da aka samu daga Asiya zuwa Gabar Yammacin Amurka na kimanin dala 5,000 a kowace na'urar da ta kai ƙafa 40 daidai (ƙarin kashi 260 cikin 100 a daidai wannan lokacin a bara), yayin da farashin da aka samu a arewacin Turai ya wuce dala 8,000, kuma masu jigilar kaya sun sake jigilar kayan zuwa sararin samaniya.
Daraktan ci gaban kasuwanci na ma'aunin jigilar kaya ta jiragen sama, Robert Frey (Robert Frei) ya ce a cikin wata wasiƙar labarai ta HNA air index ta watan Fabrairu cewa zai kashe dala $110,000 don jigilar kwantena zuwa Turai a matsakaicin farashin jigilar kaya ta jiragen sama.
Lokacin Saƙo: Maris-18-2021