Kugeza ubu, ibicuruzwa byo mu kirere byakize nyuma y’ingaruka z’icyorezo. Nk’uko raporo y’isoko ya buri kwezi ya IATA ibivuga, umubare w’ibicuruzwa byo mu kirere muri Mutarama wari munsi ya 19.5% ugereranije n’uwari usanzwe uboneka mu 2019. (Amakuru ntabwo agaragazwa bitewe n’icyorezo cyo mu 2020). Umuhuza, Ibice by'amapine na Akamenyetso k'amagare gatanga umunwa bigomba kwitabwaho.
Aderesi y'ibibazo: https://www.iata.org/en/iata-repository/publications/economic-reports/air-freight-monthly-analysis---january-2021/
Isoko ry’imizigo yo mu kirere bivugwa ko ryagarutse mu buryo bwa V kuva ryageraga hasi muri Mata 2020, mu gihe imikorere y’abagenzi b’ibigo by’indege ikomeje kuba mibi.
Amakuru yatangajwe na serivisi y’amakuru ya CLIVE yo mu mujyi wa Londres, ubusanzwe ihura na IATA, ntabwo yagaragaje iterambere ryiza kugeza muri Gashyantare. Nubwo Gashyantare yari munsi y’iminsi itatu ugereranije na Mutarama, igipimo cyo gutwara imizigo cyari kikiri gikomeye cyane, aho ubushobozi bw’indege zishyirwamo bwari hafi 70% naho buri kwezi bwiyongeraho 7%.
Ikiguzi cy'uburyo bwose bwo gutwara abantu n'ibintu n'ibibazo by'uruhererekane rw'ibicuruzwa bigaragaza cyane ko isoko ry'imizigo yo mu kirere rizaba rishyushye kandi rinini mu gice gitaha cy'umwaka, hatabayeho guhagarara kw'impeshyi n'impeshyi mbere yaho.
Ibigo byinshi birimo kwimura ibicuruzwa biva mu nyanja bijya mu kirere bitewe n’ubwiyongere bw’ibikenewe, ubucucike bw’ibyambu, gutegereza igihe kirekire ndetse n’ibura ry’amakontenari.
01 Ibicuruzwa byinshi "kuva mu nyanja kugera mu kirere"
Reka twumve icyo aba bashoramari batumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga bavuga.
1 Umuyobozi ushinzwe ubwikorezi bw'imodoka itumiza amagare muri Amerika, Canyon bike, yagize ati:
Ibicuruzwa byinshi by’ikigo cyacu byoherezwa mu mazi, ariko amagare akunzwe cyane ni ayo mu kirere, kubera icyorezo, icyifuzo cyacu cy’ibicuruzwa cyariyongereye cyane. Byongeye kandi, gutwara ibintu mu kirere birihuta, tugomba guhaza ibyifuzo by’abakiriya.
Twajyaga tubona "ubwishyu bw'ibanze" ku cyambu cyo kohereza ibicuruzwa twishyurwa by'inyongera, ariko ubu ntabwo ari ngombwa na gato, kuko no ku cyambu cya Los Angeles, turacyadashobora kubona ibicuruzwa.
Mbere y’icyorezo, buri ndege yo mu mazi yatwaraga iminsi 20-30, ariko ubu bifata iminsi 60-70. Ibi biradutwara byinshi cyane, kandi ingaruka ku mikorere yacu ni nyinshi cyane, bityo ntabwo nshobora gutegereza, nshobora guhitamo gusa ubwikorezi bwo mu kirere.
2 Umuyobozi Mukuru ushinzwe iterambere rya Secco Logistics, Brian Bourke, yagize ati:
Niba ushaka kohereza ubwogero buva i Shanghai bujya i New York mu nyanja, ikiguzi ni hafi $1000, bizatwara iminsi 35-45, hatarimo igihe cyo gutegereza mbere yo gutwara abantu mu mazi.
Kandi ukurikije uburemere bw'ibicuruzwa, ibicuruzwa bitwarwa mu ndege ni hafi $2000-3000. Ariko ibicuruzwa bitwarwa mu kirere bifata iminsi 3-4 gusa. Bityo, gukuba kabiri igiciro bishobora kuzigama ibyumweru 4-7, ibyo bikaba ingirakamaro kuri bamwe mu batanga ibicuruzwa n'abatumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga.
Visi perezida wa 3SEKO ushinzwe ibicuruzwa by’indege ku isi Shawn Richard yagize ati:
Ibikoresho binini bya siporo, nk'ameza ya tenisi yo ku meza n'amapine yo gutemberamo, bikunze gutwarwa mu mazi kubera ibibazo by'ikiguzi. Ariko ubu, kubera icyorezo cyugarije isi, abantu benshi basabwa kuguma mu ngo zabo, bigatuma umubare munini w'abaguzi b'ibi bikoresho, ubu bikaba bitwarwa n'indege.
Visi perezida wa 4CH Robinson, Matt Castle, yagize ati:
Sinigeze ntekereza ko nzabona icyuma gisukura gitwarwa mu kirere, ariko ubu byaragenze. Tuzabona ibicuruzwa byinshi bigomba kwihutishwa bihatirwa gutwarwa n'indege aho kuba "bitegereje".
Ubusabe bw'ikirere buracyari hejuru cyane
Nta kimenyetso na kimwe kigaragaza ko icyifuzo cy’ubwikorezi bwo mu kirere kigabanuka.
Isoko ry’ingufu n’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga ku isi byagaragaje iterambere rikomeye mu gihe cy’amezi menshi, nk’uko PMI ibivuga. Igipimo cy’ibicuruzwa bigurishwa n’ibicuruzwa bigurishwa kiracyari hasi, kandi ababitumiza benshi biyambaza ubwikorezi bw’indege kugira ngo bakore ububiko bw’ibicuruzwa by’ingenzi cyangwa bigurishwa vuba.
Ishyirahamwe ry’igihugu ry’ubucuruzi riteganya ko kugurisha ibicuruzwa muri Amerika bizazamukaho 6.5% kugeza kuri 8.2%, impuzandengo y’iterambere mu myaka itanu ishize yari 4.5. Ikigega Mpuzamahanga cy’Imari cyiteze ko kugurisha ibicuruzwa muri Amerika bizazamukaho 5.1% mu 2021, nk’uko abahanga mu by’ubukungu bavuga, umusaruro w’imbere mu gihugu (GDP) uziyongeraho 4.5 kugeza kuri 5%. Nk’uko bivugwa na eMarketer na Minisiteri y’Ubucuruzi muri Amerika, icyorezo cyahinduye ubucuruzi bwo kuri interineti "inzira y’ubusamo". Kubera ko ubucuruzi bwiyongereyeho 28% ku isi, muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika bwiyongereyeho 32.4%.
Byongeye kandi, inganda nyinshi ziracyafunguye muri uyu mwaka kubera ko guverinoma y'Ubushinwa ishishikariza abakozi kwizihiza umwaka mushya ako kanya. Kubera iyo mpamvu, ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu ndege byagabanutseho 30% gusa, ugereranije na 60% bisanzwe. Urugero, ubwinshi bw'ubucuruzi buva mu Bushinwa bujya i Burayi bwiyongereyeho hafi inshuro eshanu muri Gashyantare 2021 ugereranije n'igihe nk'icyo umwaka ushize.
Amerika ya Ruguru ni yo iri ku isonga mu masoko akomeye y’indege, aho icyifuzo mpuzamahanga cyiyongereyeho 8.5% muri Mutarama, kivuye kuri 4.4% mu Ukuboza. Ibikorwa byinshi bikorerwa mu nyanja ya Pasifika cyangwa mu duce duto two mu Burasirazuba bwo Hagati hanze ya Aziya. Ubushobozi mpuzamahanga mu karere bwagabanutseho 8.5%.
None se mu gihe ibicuruzwa byo mu kirere bishyushye cyane, bite ho ku bijyanye n'ibyo gutwara ibintu mu kirere?
03 Imizigo iracyari hejuru cyane
Nyuma y'umwaka mushya w'Ubushinwa, ibiciro by'indege byongeye kuzamuka, cyane cyane muri Aziya.
Abasesenguzi bavuze ko ibiciro bitari biteganyijwe kugabanuka cyane mu gice cya kabiri cy'umwaka kuko ibikoresho by'indege nini zisigaye zo mu bihugu by'imigabane byari biri munsi cyane y'urugero mbere y'icyorezo kandi ubushobozi bwo gutwara ibintu bwari bwaratumijwe cyane.
Abakurikirana isoko bavuga ko gutwara ibintu mu kirere ari ibintu bihindagurika. Icyorezo cyahinduye ubuzima bw'abantu n'ubukungu bwabo. Ku buryo abahanga mu by'indege bavuga ko bigoye gutekereza ku cyerekezo cy'isoko. Ubukene budasanzwe bw'ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga n'ibura ry'indege byatumye ingendo z'indege zo muri Aziya zongerwaho 50% mu gice cya mbere cya Gashyantare.
FreightWaves SONAR n'ibindi bimenyetso bigaragaza ko amasosiyete ubu yishyura ikiguzi cy'ubwikorezi bw'indege ku nzira nini inshuro zigera kuri 2.5 ugereranyije n'imyaka ishize.
Byongeye kandi, ibicuruzwa byo mu kirere byagabanutseho 30% gusa mu cyumweru cya mbere nyuma y’umwaka mushya w’ukwezi, watangiye ku ya 12 Gashyantare, hafi kimwe cya kabiri cy’imyaka ibiri ya mbere y’indege, kuko Ubushinwa butahagaritse akazi muri uyu mwaka. Ingano y’imizigo y’indege iri hasiho 1% gusa, ugereranyije na hafi 20% mu 2019 na 2020.
Gukomeza gukora byatumye ubucucike bw’ibicuruzwa mu byambu muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika no mu Burayi burushaho kwiyongera, bituma imiyoboro y’ibicuruzwa irushaho kuba myinshi ndetse n’ubucucike bw’ibicuruzwa mu byambu byinshi muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika no mu Burayi bukomeza kwiyongera. Ibikoresho byo gutwara abantu mu mazi byuzuye kandi nta makonteneri ahagije ahari yo guhaza ubwiyongere bw’ibikenewe n’ibigo byinshi.
Ibi byatumye ibiciro bya 'spot' biva muri Aziya bijya ku nkombe y'Iburengerazuba bwa Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika bigera ku madolari 5.000 kuri buri gikoresho kingana na metero 40 (byiyongeraho 260% ugereranyije n'igihe nk'icyo umwaka ushize), mu gihe ibiciro bya 'spot' bijya mu majyaruguru y'Uburayi birenga $8.000, kandi ababitumiza bongeye kwimura ibicuruzwa mu kirere.
Umuyobozi ushinzwe iterambere ry’ubucuruzi bw’indege Robert Frey (Robert Frei) yavuze mu kinyamakuru cya HNA Air Index cyo muri Gashyantare ko kohereza kontineri mu Burayi ku giciro mpuzandengo cy’indege bizatwara $110.000.
Igihe cyo kohereza ubutumwa: Werurwe-18-2021